@article {1333, title = {Tree-ring reconstructed hydroclimate of the Upper Klamath basin}, journal = {Journal of Hydrology}, volume = {495}, year = {2013}, pages = {13 - 22}, keywords = {The high sensitivity of high latitudes to global climate changes is the stimulus for the study of ancient Arctic ecosystems under greenhouse conditions. With an increasing number of studies, including the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report highlighting Pliocene climate as key example for the study of Earth system sensitivity to higher levels of atmospheric CO$_{2}$ , the need for accurate proxy records for this period is crucial. In order to investigate Pliocene climate, I used stable isotopic studies of fossil molluscs, moss and wood from two fossil forest deposits in the Canadian High Arctic. Temperatures were determined for an Early Pliocene (4-5 Ma) fossil forest site located on Ellesmere Island using \‘clumped\’ and stable isotopic analysis of mollusc shells and stable isotope values of fossil wood. Mollusc inferred growing season (May-Sept) temperatures derived using two independent techniques were estimated to be 11-16\°C warmer than present (1950-1990) Ellesmere Island temperatures. Tree ring inferred growing season (June-July) temperatures (JJ) were 10-16\°C and mean annual temperatures (MAT) were 18-20\°C warmer than present (1950-1990). Mean annual and growing season (JJ) temperatures were also determined using fossil wood from a younger (2.4-2.8 Ma) late Pliocene-early Pleistocene site on Bylot Island. This deposit represents the remains of a flora that grew during an interglacial warm period during the transition to large-scale Northern Hemisphere glaciation that occurred between 2.5 to 3 million years ago. Mean annual temperatures were \∼12\° C and growing season temperatures were \∼13\°C warmer than present (1923-2010). The interglacial setting of the Bylot Island site and the warm temperatures suggests that prior to using such sites as true analogues of future conditions we may need to consider how close the feedbacks operating then were to the feedbacks we might expect in the future. However, that temperatures so much warmer than present existed in the high Arctic during a period when levels of atmospheric CO$_{2}$ were at nearpresent levels indicates that we may be moving beyond our ability to use the Pliocene as an example of the future.

}, keywords = {Paleoclimate Science}, author = {Csank, Adam Zoltan} } @mastersthesis {473, title = {Extracting Cultural Information from Ship Timber}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2010}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, abstract = {

This dissertation is rooted in one general question: what can the wood from ships reveal about the people and cultures who built them? Shipwrecks are only the last chapter of a complex story, and while the last fifty years of nautical archaeology have managed to rewrite a number of these chapters, much of the information unrelated to a ship\’s final voyage remains a mystery. However, portions of that mystery can be exposed by an examination of the timbers. An approach for the cultural investigation of ship timbers is presented and attempts are made to establish the most reliable information possible from the largely unheralded treasures of underwater excavations: timbers. By introducing the written record, iconographic record, and the social, economic, and political factors to the archaeological record a more complete analysis of the cultural implications of ship and boat timbers is possible. I test the effectiveness of the approach in three varied case-studies to demonstrate its limits and usefulness: ancient Egypt\’s Middle Kingdom, the Mediterranean under Athenian influence, and Portugal and the Iberian Peninsula during the Discoveries. The results of these studies demonstrate how ship timbers can be studied in order to better understand the people who built the vessels.

}, url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/856582319?accountid=8360}, author = {Creasman, Pearce Paul} } @mastersthesis {511, title = {Unraveling environmental factors that affect Pinus longaeva growth in the White Mountains, California}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2010}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Two of the most pressing questions involving ancient bristlecone pines are how microsite factors lead to differences in tree responses to climate at high-elevation sites, and how global change has impacted growing season events. Disparities in climate response at treeline and subalpine locations have been associated with local environmental characteristics while the increasing growth trend found at treeline has been linked to warming. In this study, environmental conditions were considered in order to identify microsite differences between trees growing at two different elevations on four aspects of a conical-shaped mountain in the White Mountains, California. Dendrochronological, environmental, correlational, and spectral methods were employed to explore differences in ring-width chronologies. Albedo, soil thickness, and percent slope led to ring-width variability. Northwestern upper site was most highly correlated with precipitation, while the Southeastern lower site showed a strong negative correlation with temperature. This work indicates that selection of climate-sensitive trees a priori necessitates the consideration of local environmental factors, and these microsite differences resulted in different climate responses between nearby trees. By monitoring growing season events at the historic phenology site from the 1962-64 (Fritts 1969), natural variations and responses to climate change can be identified. Morphological and physiological phenophases, dendrometer traces, and environmental data were collected throughout the summers of 2007 and 2008. Duration and timing of cambial activity (tracheid lifespan) in the present study were similar to those recorded in the Fritts (1969) investigation, while pollination onset and bud opening occurred earlier in this study. No change was found in duration and timing of cambial activity suggesting that changes in cambial phenology are not an explanation for the increasing growth trend found at upper forest borders. On the other hand, changes in bud opening and pollination onset may be related to recent warming. To monitor diurnal and seasonal stem variability as part of phenologic studies on several trees, a point potentiometer dendrometer was designed. The newly designed point potentiometer dendrometer was tested in multiple environments and found to be versatile, cost-effective, and portable, working well in semi-arid and arid environments.

}, keywords = {Physical geography}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=2108905281\&sid=32\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Hallman, Christine Lee} } @mastersthesis {494, title = {Spatial and temporal validation of fire-scar fire histories}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2009}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Accurate information about historical fire regimes is needed to understand the long-term effects of fire and climate on ecosystem dynamics and guide ecosystem restoration. Fire scars are used widely to reconstruct historical fire regimes around the world but few empirical validation studies have been conducted. This dissertation consists of three integrated studies aimed at addressing the following questions: (1) how accurate are fire-scar fire histories compared to known patterns of fire occurrence; (2) how do these relationships vary spatially and temporally; (3) how representative statistically are search-based (\“targeted\”) fire-scar sampling techniques? I utilized an empirical corroboration approach to validate fire-scar reconstructions against documentary fire perimeters for a 2,780 hectare ponderosa pine landscape in Saguaro National Park, Arizona (USA). Resampling statistics and spatial modeling were used to quantify interactions between spatial scale, sample size, and fire size. Statistical properties of targeted sampling were assessed by analyzing three case studies containing paired examples of targeted and non-targeted sampling (i.e., systematic and census). I found strong linear relationships between fire-scar synchrony (samples scarred in a given year) and annual area burned. Fire-scar derived estimates of fire frequency metrics, such as Mean Fire Return Interval and Natural Fire Rotation, did not differ significantly from the documentary record, and there was strong spatial coherence between fire frequency maps interpolated from fire-scar data and documentary maps. Scale and sample size dependence of fire-scar detection probabilities were variable for small fire years but relatively weak for widespread fires. This resulted in consistent and predictable influences on fire frequency reconstructions: statistical measures dependent on area burned were relatively stable and robust across a range of scale, sample size, and fire size. Targeted sampling did not differ statistically from non-targeted datasets, but targeted fire-scar data contained proportionately greater sample depth and longer temporal records with fewer samples. These results demonstrate collectively that key temporal and spatial fire frequency parameters can be reconstructed accurately from point-based fire-scar data. They also reaffirm general interpretations and management implications from past fire history research indicating that frequent, widespread burning was an important component of pre-settlement fire regimes in Southwestern ponderosa pine.

}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1937808421\&sid=2\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Farris, Calvin Arthur} } @mastersthesis {531, title = {Human response to environmental hazards: Sunset Crater as a case study}, volume = {MA}, year = {2008}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Natural disasters and rapid environmental changes have resulted in a continuum of responses by human societies throughout history. A model is proposed that incorporates cultural and environmental aspects of human response to natural disasters. The 11 th century eruption of Sunset Crater volcano in northern Arizona is used as a case study in which the archaeological record and dendrochronological and geomorphological evidence are combined to characterize the nature of the human response. The model predicts that the population at Sunset Crater would have been pressured to move, or to move and make cultural or technological adaptations following the eruption. The model has utility in diverse conditions and can be used to interpret archaeological remains and facilitate modern disaster response.}, keywords = {Archaeology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1564017781\&sid=16\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {May, Elizabeth} } @mastersthesis {539, title = {Using False Rings to Reconstruct Local Drought Severity Patterns on a Semiarid River}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2008}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {In this research, I describe the use of false rings to reconstruct local histories of seasonal drought in riparian ecosystems in semiarid regions. In tree-ring analysis, false rings are boundary-like features often formed as a response to drought within the growing season. Drought can be a common feature in hydrologic regimes of dryland rivers but in recent decades drought has been intensifying due to climate change and increasing water use by cities, agriculture and industry. Identifying when and where water availability has decreased along the river course is critical for understanding, and therefore managing, these generally endangered ecosystems. The higher density of trees compared to instrumental data make them ideal candidates for reconstructing site-specific drought patterns. The first part of this dissertation is an observational study conducted on the San Pedro River in southeastern Arizona during 2002. I used dendrometer data and local hydrological data to show that a period of negligible radial growth in cottonwood during the middle of the growing season coincided with a channel drying event. Tree-ring core samples confirmed that false-rings had formed in each of the instrumented trees. The second part of this dissertation is an experimental study designed to evaluate the effect of different levels of water stress on false-ring formation in cottonwood and willow. I showed that experimental decreases in water availability for periods as short as ten days were enough to induce false-ring formation in willow. Longer periods of reduced water availability were generally required to induce false-ring formation in cottonwood. In the final part of this dissertation, I reconstructed false-ring occurrence in Fremont cottonwoods at three sites along the San Pedro River. I infer from false-ring frequencies that the severity of summer drought has been increasing over the last four to six decades but that the drought severity varies along a hydrological gradient. Overall, the findings in this body of research confirm that false rings in riparian tree species can be used as indicators of seasonal drought and underscore the importance of identifying site-specific responses to reduced water availability along the riparian corridor.}, keywords = {Geography}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1500068401\&sid=3\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Morino, Kiyomi Ann} } @mastersthesis {842, title = {Fire History and Fire Climate Relationships in Upper Elevation Forests of the Southwestern United States}, volume = {Ph.D}, year = {2007}, note = {

Please contact the Laboratory of Tree Ring Research for a copy of this dissertation. The file is too large to be uploaded at this time.

}, pages = {182}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Dissertation}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Fire history and fire-climate relationships of upper elevation forests of the southwestern United States are imperative for informing management decisions in the face of increased crown fire occurrence and climate change. I used dendroecological techniques to reconstruct fires and stand-replacing fire patch size in Madrean Sky Islands and Mogollon Plateau. Reconstructed patch size (1685-1904) was compared with contemporary patch size (1996-2004). Reconstructed fires at three sites had stand-replacing patches totaling \> 500 ha. No historical stand-replacing fire patches were evident in the mixed conifer/aspen forests of the Sky Islands. Maximum stand-replacing fire patch size of modern fires (1129 ha) was greater than that reconstructed from aspen (286 ha) and spruce-fir (521 ha). Updated spruce-fir patches may be evidence of larger (\>2000ha) stand-replacing fire patches.

To provide climatological context for fire history I used correlation and regionalization analyses to document spatial and temporal variability in climate regions, and El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) teleconnections using 273 tree-ring chronologies (1732-1979). Four regions were determined by common variability in annual ring width. The component time score series replicate spatial variability in 20th century droughts (e.g., 1950\’s) and pluvials (e.g., 1910\’s). Two regions were significantly correlated with instrumental SOI and AMO, and three with PDO. Sub-regions within the southwestern U.S. varied geographically between the instrumental (1900-1979) and the pre-instrumental periods (1732-1899). Mapped correlations between ENSO, PDO and AMO, and tree-ring indices illustrate detailed sub-regional variability in teleconnections.

I analyzed climate teleconnections, and fire-climate relationships of historical upper elevation fires from 16 sites in 8 mountain ranges. I tested for links between Palmer Drought Severity Index and tree-ring reconstructed ENSO, PDO and AMO phases (1905-1978 and 1700-1904). Upper elevation fires (115 fires, 84 fire years, 1623-1904) were compared with climate indices. ENSO, PDO, and AMO affected regional PDSI, but AMO and PDO teleconnections changed between periods. Fire occurrence was significantly related to inter-annual variability in PDSI, precipitation, ENSO, and phase combinations of ENSO and PDO, but not AMO (1700-1904). Reduced upper elevation fire (1785-1840) was coincident with a cool AMO phase.

}, keywords = {AMO, climate, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, ENSO, environment, fire, fire history, forest, madrean sky islands, mogollon plateau, mountain, PDO, southwest, teleconnection, tree ring, upper elevation, Watershed Management}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1375523671\&sid=1\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD.}, author = {Margolis, Ellis Quinn} } @mastersthesis {438, title = {Analysis of Radial Growth Patterns of Strip-bark and Whole-bark Bristlecone Pine Trees in the White Mountains of California: Implications in Paleoclimatology and Archaeology of the Great Basin}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Dendrochronology focuses on the relationship between a tree\’s growth and its environment and thus investigates interdisciplinary questions related to archaeology, climate, ecology, and global climate change. In this study, I examine the growth of two forms of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva): strip-bark and whole-bark trees from two subalpine adjacent sites: Patriarch Grove and Sheep Mountain in the White Mountains of California. Classical tree-ring width analysis is utilized to test a hypothesis related to a proposed effect of the strip-bark formation on trees\’ utilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide. This effect has grown to be controversial because of the dual effect of temperature and carbon dioxide on trees\’ growth. The proposed effect is hypothesized to have accelerated growth since 1850 that produced wider rings, and the relation of the latter topic to anthropogenic activities and climate change. An interdisciplinary approach is taken by answering a question that relates temperature inferences and precipitation reconstructions from the chronologies developed in the study and other chronologies to Native Americans\’ subsistence-settlement patterns, and alpine villages in the White Mountains. Strip-bark trees do exhibit an enhanced growth that varies between sites. Strip-bark trees grow faster than whole-bark trees; however, accelerated growth is also evident in whole-bark trees but to a lesser degree. No evidence can be provided on the cause of the accelerated growth from the methods used. In the archaeological study, 88\% of the calibrated radiocarbon dates from the alpine villages of the White Mountains cluster around above average precipitation, while no straightforward relationship can be 10 established with temperature variations. These results confirm that water is the essence of life in the desert.

}, keywords = {Geology}, author = {Ababneh, Linah N.} } @mastersthesis {514, title = {Landscape Fire History and Age Structure Patterns in the Sky Islands of Southeastern Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2006}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {At regional scales climate patterns (e.g., interannual wet-dry cycles) result in high spatial fire synchrony among Southwest forests. However, in the {\textquotedblleft}Sky Island{\textquotedblright} forests of southeastern Arizona spatial and temporal patterns of fire history and tree age structure at landscape levels (i.e., within mountain ranges) are relatively unknown and therefore the focus of this study. In the Santa Catalina Mountains we reconstructed the fire history on a 2,900-hectare study area with two distinct landscapes, Butterfly Peak (BP) and Rose Canyon (RC) using 2-hectare {\textquotedblleft}points{\textquotedblright} (i.e., collection areas). The RC landscape was dominated by shallow south-facing aspects and BP was dominated by steep north-facing aspects. Within each landscape, point mean fire intervals (PMFIs) were not significantly different between aspect classes. However, pooled PMFIs were significantly shorter in RC compared to BP. These results show that the fire history at any given point (i.e., 2 hectares or less) was primarily controlled by the broad-scale topography of the encompassing landscape, rather than by the fine-scale topography at that point. Using similar methods we also reconstructed the fire history on Rincon Peak, which is a small isolated mountain range with very step topography. The fire history of the 310-hectare forest area was a mixture of frequent low severity surface fires (from AD 1648 to 1763) and infrequent mixed-severity fires (from AD 1763 to 1867). This mixed-fire regime was probably due to a combination of climatic variability, the small area and rugged topography of this mountain range, and complex fuel arrangements. The distinct fire histories from these two study areas provided natural age structure experiments that indicated tree age cohorts (i.e., higher than expected tree establishment pulses) occurred during periods of reduced fire frequencies. In some instances these periods were likely caused by climatic variability (e.g., a wet and/or cool early 1800s) creating synchronous age cohorts across the region. At other times, extended fire intervals were a function of local topography (e.g., 1763-1819 in the northern half of Rincon Peak). Overall, these studies demonstrated that landscape and climatic variations combine to produce complex spatial and temporal variations in fire history and tree age structures.}, keywords = {Renewable Natural Resources}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1144189411\&sid=5\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Iniguez, Jose M.} } @mastersthesis {646, title = {Preclassic excavations at Punta de Chimino, Peten, Guatemala: Investigating social emplacement on an early Maya landscape}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2006}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Two excavation seasons in Punta de Chimino{\textquoteright}s E-Group Acropolis provide a record of monument construction, refurbishment, desecration, and abandonment. This evidence is used to explore the material dimensions of social emplacement---any act, event, practice, or behavior that affects the way a community and its descendants relate to a particular locality over time. The attributes and treatment of monuments are taken to signify cultural and political dispositions. An extensive overview of Preclassic and Protoclassic Maya archaeology situates Punta de Chimino{\textquoteright}s monumental remains in different historical settings. Bayesian analysis of the stratified sequence of radiocarbon and luminescence dates is used to accurately pinpoint the timing of specific cultural events. Stratigraphy and radiometry allow refinement of the Punta de Chimino ceramic sequence. In the end, varied lines of material evidence are garnered to infer changing social dispositions toward Punta de Chimino{\textquoteright}s ceremonial precinct and the ancient Mesoamerican world at large.}, keywords = {Excavations, Guatemala, Maya, Peten, Preclassic Maya, Punta de Chimino, Social emplacement}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1296087131\&sid=2\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Bachand, Bruce} } @mastersthesis {464, title = {Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide impacts carbon dynamics in a C(4)-sorghum-soil agroecosystem: An application of stable carbon isotopes (delta carbon-13) in tracing the fate of carbon in the atmosphere-plant-soil ecosystem}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2005}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Although a strong inter-dependence exists between atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO$_{2}$) and the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle, the response of plant-soil ecosystems to the rapid increase in atmospheric CO$_{2}$ is not well understood. My dissertation research focused on the impacts of elevated CO$_{2}$ on the carbon dynamics of plant-soil ecosystems, which were a major part of the overall C$_{4}$-sorghum Free-Air CO$_{2}$ Enrichment (FACE) experiment conducted by the University of Arizona and USDA at the Maricopa Agriculture Center, Arizona, USA, in 1998 and 1999. In the experiment, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) crop was exposed to elevated CO$_{2}$ ({\textquotedblleft}FACE{\textquotedblright}: ca. 560 {\textmu}mol mol$^{-}${\textonesuperior}) and ambient CO$_{2}$ ({\textquotedblleft}Control{\textquotedblright}: ca. 360 {\textmu}mol mol$^{-}${\textonesuperior}) interacting with well-watered and water-stressed treatments. The results from my study showed that the seasonal mean soil respiration rate measured in elevated CO$_{2}$ plots over two growing seasons was 3.3 {\textmu}mol m$^{-}${\texttwosuperior}s$^{-}${\textonesuperior}, i.e., 12.7\% higher than the 2.9 {\textmu}mol m$^{-}${\texttwosuperior}s$^{-}${\textonesuperior}in ambient CO$_{2}$ plots. The increased respiration mainly resulted from the stimulated root respiration under elevated CO$_{2}$, which increased 36.1\% compared to that under ambient CO$_{2}$. Measured changes in sorghum residue biochemistry caused by CO$_{2}$ were detected, with decrease of amino acids and hemicellulose carbohydrates by 7\% and 8\%, respectively, and increase of cellulose carbohydrates and lignin by 49\% and 5\%, respectively. Phenolics were only significantly higher in FACE roots. The C:N ratio of sorghum tissues was not affected by elevated CO$_{2}$, but was substantially lower under water stress. The laboratory incubation showed that an average of 7.3\% significantly less respired CO$_{2}$ was released from the FACE-tissue-amended soil than the Control-tissues-amended soil over the full 79-d incubation period. Non-lignin phenolics (r{\texttwosuperior} = 0.93, p = 0.002), and lignin (r{\texttwosuperior} = 0.89, p = 0.004) were found to be the most important factors related to the sorghum tissue decomposition. Highly stable residues of FACE sorghum input to the soil resulted in the increase of the recalcitrant C pool and the decrease of the labile C pool. As a result, mean residence time of SOC in FACE field plot increased compared to that in Control plot, suggesting that the SOC under elevated CO$_{2}$ was more stable against decomposition.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=885700691\&sid=10\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Cheng, Li} } @mastersthesis {649, title = {Archaeomagnetic research in the United States midcontinent}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {This dissertation combines archaeomagnetic and independent chronometric data from 240 archaeological features to develop a regional secular variation curve for the U.S. midcontinent. These data were obtained from features located between 31.5-40.5{\textdegree} N latitude and 82.5-93.5{\textdegree} W longitude that have been dated to between 60 and 10,700 cal BP. The archaeomagnetic samples were collected from 41 sites within this region over the past 35 years under the direction of four different researchers: Robert DuBois (University of Oklahoma), Daniel Wolfman (University of Arkansas and New Mexico State Museum), Wulf Gose (University of Texas at Austin), and myself. In this project, the data are initially smoothed through the moving windows method to form the first approximation of the curve. Outlier analyses and pairwise statistical comparisons are utilized to refine the smoothed curve, and the results are compared to other Holocene-aged secular variation records from North America. These analyses indicate that the final curve should be treated as three distinct segments with different precision and use recommendations. First, the 850-75 cal BP segment can be used to date archaeomagnetic sample from the project area with expected temporal precision of 100-200 years. Second, the 2528-850 cal BP segment can be used cautiously to date archaeomagnetic samples with an expected temporal precision of 200-300 years. Third, the 9755-4650 cal BP segment should be used for contextual dating purposes only, in that an undated sample can be put into a regional context through comparison with the segment{\textquoteright}s constituent samples. Finally, three archaeological problems are addressed through the archaeomagnetic data. First, archaeomagnetic data are used to resolve the temporal conflict between an eastern Tennessee structure{\textquoteright}s morphology and a much earlier radiocarbon date obtained for the structure. Then, archaeomagnetic data are used to address a number of internal chronology questions regarding three Powers phase sites in eastern Missouri. Finally, the sequencing of several protohistoric and historic sites in eastern Tennessee is examined through a series of archaeomagnetic data. }, keywords = {Archaeomagnetic research, Chronometrics, Midcontinent, Missouri, Tennessee}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=765928991\&sid=6\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Stacey Lengyel} } @mastersthesis {648, title = {Beyond snaketown: Household inequality and political power in early Hohokam society}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {This study examines Pre-Classic Hohokam sociopolitical organization using data collected from recent research in the middle Gila River Valley of southern Arizona. The Pre-Classic period, ca. A.D. 500 to 1150, witnessed the first appearance of extensive irrigation works in the middle Gila River Valley. It also witnessed the introduction of ballcourts as part of a regional ceremonial and exchange system. Archaeologists disagree about the conditions that gave rise to these developments. Some researchers point to the scale of the irrigation works and the apparent need for massive labor coordination to argue for political centralization and the emergence of bureaucratic elites. Others point to the likely use of ballcourts as ritual facilities to argue that ultimate authority was vested in the hands of religious leaders. The dynamics of power in Hohokam society are examined in this study from the vantage point of a group of households that lived at the Grewe site, the ancestral village to Casa Grande Ruins. Attention is directed to the demographic and environmental conditions that contributed to household inequality at Grewe. New methods are advanced for deriving population estimates and measuring household wealth based on architectural evidence. This information is then used to explore the role of wealthy households in promoting political growth in early Hohokam society. It is argued that the influence of wealthy households extended across multiple social levels and multiple generations. }, keywords = {Arizona, Hohokam, Household inequality, Political power, Prehistoric households, Society}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766021551\&sid=5\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Douglas Craig} } @mastersthesis {647, title = {Climate of rebellion: The relationship between climate variability and indigenous uprisings in mid-eighteenth-century Sonora}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A series of indigenous rebellions took place in mid-eighteenth-century Sonora that caused Spain to alter its colonial policies, depending less on the Jesuit mission system and more on a professional military force for pacifying and controlling the region. The rebellions coincided with a shift toward a drought-dominant climate pattern that began in the late 1720s. This study explores the relationship between that climatic shift and the rebellions by narrowing the focus to several disturbances and insurrections among the Seris, Pimas Bajos, and Yaquis during the period of 1725-1742. Research centers on climate variability, the relationship between climate patterns and indigenous subsistence practices, and whether Spanish colonial policies and institutions rendered these practices more or less vulnerable to environmental perturbations. Because the same environmental factors shaping indigenous subsistence strategies also affected Spanish decision-making, the development of Spanish colonization in Sonora is reviewed within an ecological framework as well, recognizing the interaction among the environment and political, economic, and demographic factors. This study adopts a multidisciplinary approach integrating paleoclimatic, ethnohistorical, ethnographic, and archaeological sources of data to establish patterns of precipitation and reconstruct indigenous subsistence systems within their local environments, both before and after Spanish colonial rule. The research presents evaluations and English translations of numerous Spanish texts that include description of local environments; indigenous land use, reliance on crops versus wild resources, scheduling, harvest, and/or storage; significant climatic events such as droughts or floods; and the events of specific insurrections. The research also considers Spanish policies and institutions as they developed in Sonora, and changes they engendered in indigenous subsistence organization and the environment. This study assesses the effectiveness of those changes in the face of climate fluctuations, and scrutinizes Seri, Pima Bajo, and Yaqui disturbances and insurrections as responses to Spanish-induced subsistence changes under escalating colonial pressures and climate-related environmental stresses. On a broader level, this research demonstrates the potential of the documentary record, when combined with advances in climate research, for increasing our understanding of human vulnerability to climate change, human responses and coping strategies, and the impacts of human behavior on climate. }, keywords = {climate, Eighteenth century, Indigenous, Rebellion, Sonora, Uprisings}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=795926481\&sid=4\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Dale Brenneman} } @mastersthesis {650, title = {Household ritual, gender, and figurines in the Hohokam regional system}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Study of ritual in the Greater Southwest is dominated by research at the suprahousehold and community levels. However, this approach ignores the most basic segment of society, the household. This research addresses household ritual by determining the production, use, and discard of anthropomorphic ceramic figurines that were used at the sites of Snaketown and Grewe during the Pioneer (300 B.C.-A.D. 700) and Colonial (A.D. 700-900) periods. Agency and practice theory provide a background for this examination of human representations that may be tied with the creation of personhood and identity. Some 1440 figurines and figurine fragments are analyzed in order to determine their function and the sex of those individuals producing them. Function is determined by recording the patterns of construction, form, use-wear, damage, and disposal for each artifact. These results are compared to cross-cultural patterns of figurine use including ancestor ritual, healing and curing ritual, and the play of children (toys.) All aspects of figurine manufacture, use, and discard indicate that these items were employed in ancestor ritual within Hohokam households. In addition to the analysis of figurine attributes, I also determine who the producers of these figures were by examining fingerprint impressions left in the clay surface of the representations. Dermatoglyphic analyses provide the link between the manufacture of figurines and gender roles within the household. Ridge counting is used to distinguish between children and adults and males and females. A ridge count is a quantitative measure of the size and density of the fingerprint pattern, which is strongly inherited. The ridge count indices for the archaeological sample are compared with ridge count values from an ethnographic collection of Native American prints. These distributions of ridge count values show that women are the primary producers of the figurines, however a small percentage of men are manufacturing them in certain households. As part of ancestor ritual, figurines function as representations of deceased relatives who perpetuate access to property and resource rights. Women often maintain this ritual, which commemorates the dead while reinforcing social memory among the Hohokam. }, keywords = {Arizona, Figurines, Gender, Hohokam, Household ritual}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=845713121\&sid=7\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Susan Stinson} } @mastersthesis {493, title = {Scaling Rules for Fire Regimes}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Forest fire is a keystone ecological process in coniferous forests of southwestern North America. This dissertation examines a fire regime in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico, USA, based on an original data set collected from Monument Canyon Research Natural Area (MCN). First, I examine scale dependence in the fire regime. Statistical descriptors of the fire regime, such as fire frequency and mean fire interval, are scale-dependent. I describe the theory of the event-area (EA) relationship , analogous to the species-area relationship, for events distributed in space and time; the interval-area (IA) relationship , is a related form for fire intervals. The EA and IA also allow estimation of the annual fire frame (AFF), the area within which fire occurs annually on average. The slope of the EA is a metric of spatio-temporal synchrony of events across multiple spatial scales. The second chapter concerns the temporal distribution of fire events. I outline a theory of fire interval probability from first principles in fire ecology and statistics. Fires are conditional events resulting from interaction of multiple contingent factors that must be satisfied for an event to occur. Outcomes of this kind represent a multiplicative process for which a lognormal model is the limiting distribution. I examine the application of this framework to two probability models, the Weibull and lognormal distributions, which can be used to characterize the distribution of fire intervals over time. The final chapter addresses the theory and effects of sample size in fire history. Analytical methods (including composite fire records) are used in fire history to minimize error in inference. I describe a theory of the collector{\textquoteright}s curve based on accumulation of sets of discrete events and the probability of recording a fire as a function of sample size. I propose a nonlinear regression method for the Monument Canyon data set to correct for differences in sample size among composite fire records. All measures of the fire regime reflected sensitivity to sample size, but these differences can be corrected in part by applying the regression correction, which can increase confidence in quantitative estimates of the fire regime.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=845727371\&sid=3\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Falk, Donald Albert} } @mastersthesis {652, title = {A comparative study of soil disturbance from uprooted trees, and mound and pit decay in Puerto Rico and Colorado}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2003}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The toppling of trees forms mounds of disturbed sediment and pits from which the mound removes sediment, rocks, and organic matter. Sites of uprooted trees in Puerto Rico and Colorado were examined (1) to compare areas and volumes of mounds and pits relative to tree size, (2) to compare areas and volumes of mounds and pits formed during catastrophic events at the landscape scale, and (3) to consider decay of mounds and pits after formation. For a given basal area, the analyses found no difference among sites in area and volume of freshly formed individual mounds and pits. For landscape-level catastrophic uprooting, the percent of toppled trees in a plot can explain 85\% and 87\% of the areas and volumes, respectively, of the quantity of soil uplifted. Exponential decay coefficients developed by monitoring mound/pit complexes indicate that mounds and pits at the humid tropical site in Puerto Rico decay in about 74\% and 57\% of the time, respectively, of mounds and pits at a temperate Colorado site. Decay coefficients developed for the Colorado site indicate that mounds and pits are reduced to 10\% of their original volume within 30 and 78 years, respectively. Coefficients for Puerto Rico suggest that a similar reduction in volume requires 17 years, whereas pits generally fill within a decade.}, keywords = {colorado, Mound and pit, Puerto Rico, Soil disturbance, Uprooted}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=765017541\&sid=9\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Melanie Lenart} } @mastersthesis {521, title = {Fire-Climate-Vegetation Interactions in Subalpine Forests of the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area, Idaho and Montana, USA}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2003}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The long term patterns of fire-climate interactions and forest recovery processes in subalpine forests are poorly understood. This study used a suite of dendrochronological techniques to identify tree growth-climate relationships, assess the interactions of fire with interannual climate variability, and reconstruct summer temperature in subalpine forests of the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area on the border of Idaho and Montana, USA. Comparison of ring-width chronologies from whitebark pine ( Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) and subalpine larch ( Larix lyallii Parl.) with modern climate data indicated that summer temperatures were most limiting to growth in these conifers. Warm summers were generally conducive to radial growth. However, the temporal stability of the climate-tree growth relationship weakens from the early to later periods of the record. Alterations to growing season length, possibly modified by snow pack, may be related to the reduction in climate-growth relationships. A 748-year reconstruction of average summer temperature was developed that explains [approximate]36\% of the variance of the instrumental record. Positive values of the coefficient of efficiency and reduction of error verification statistics indicated that the reconstruction was of good quality. Warm and cool periods in the reconstruction include a warm decade around the 1650s and prolonged cooling around 1700. Peaks in variance in reconstructed average summer temperature occurred at 87, 15, and 2 years. More than 2000 fire scar and age structure samples were used to evaluate fire-climate relationships. Comparison of widespread fire events to climate variables indicated dry conditions both during the fire year and one year before a fire. Multiple spatial patterns of drought and El Ni{\~n}o were related to widespread fire occurrence. Forest recovery following fires generally proceeds from lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta var. latifolia Dougl.) toward spruce-fir forests ( Picea engelmannii Parry- Abies lasiocarpa (Hook) Nutt.). Two successional pathways occur, one beginning with an initial lodgepole pine stage, the other a spruce-fir stage. Initial composition was related to the presence of overstory lodgepole pine at the time of fire occurrence as well as the intervals between successive fires. Collectively, these results suggest a strong multi-year drought linkage between climate and fire, and dependence on fire intervals for structuring forest communities.}, keywords = {Geography}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=765957031\&sid=4\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Kipfmueller, Kurt Foster} } @mastersthesis {910, title = {Stand Replacing Fire History and Aspen Ecology in the Upper Rio Grande Basin}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {2003}, pages = {94}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Dendroecological techniques were applied to reconstruct stand-replacing fire history in mixed conifer and spruce-fir forests in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. Stand-replacing fire dates with annual accuracy and precision were determined using four lines of evidence for each of twelve sites within a 75,000 square kilometer area. The four lines of evidence were: (1) aspen inner-ring dates, (2) conifer death dates, (3) tree-ring width changes, or other morphological indicators of injury, and (4) fire scars. The annual precision of dating allowed the identification of significant synchrony of stand replacing fires among the 12 sites and regional surface fire events previously reconstructed from the large network of fire scar collections in the Southwest. Nearly all of these synchronous stand-replacing and surface fire years coincided with extreme droughts. This suggests that stand-replacing fire activity occurred primarily when drought conditions allowed fires to ignite and spread within these high elevation forests and/or for the spread of surface fires between lower and upper elevations. Fifty percent of reconstructed stand-replacing fires pre-dated large-scale Euro-American settlement in this region. This may suggest that land use practices (such as logging and mining) were not as important in promoting stand-replacing fires in these study sites, as compared with other areas in Colorado.

}, keywords = {aspen, basin, colorado, conifer, dendrochronology, dendroecology, Ecology, fire, fire history, new mexico, rio grande, spruce fir, stand replacing, tree ring}, author = {Margolis, Ellis Quinn} } @mastersthesis {506, title = {Effects of Substrate on Dendrochronologic Streamflow Reconstruction: Paria River, Utah; With Fractal Applications to Dendrochronology}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2002}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Two pi{\~n}on ( Pinus edulus ) tree-ring chronologies developed on each of three substrates (sandstone, shale, and alluvial fan deposits) in southern Utah for the period 1702 to 1997 demonstrate that geologic substrate affects dendrochronologic streamflow reconstructions. Chronologies from alluvial fan deposits explain the most variance of cool-season (October 1 to May 31) flow with an adjusted coefficient of determination (R a 2 ) equal to 0.59. Chronologies from sandstone deposits account for 52 percent of the variance, while those on shale deposits account for 45 percent. The highest single-site annual discharge reconstruction (October 1 to September 30), R a 2 = 0.25, is provided by chronologies from shale deposits. The highest substrate-pair annual discharge reconstruction, R a 2 = 0.27, is provided by chronologies from alluvial fan deposits. The highest summer discharge reconstruction (July 4 to September 3), R a 2 = 0.14, is provided by chronologies from sandstone. The different substrate response is attributed to varying amounts of clay in each substrate affecting infiltration and available water for tree growth. The fractal parameters (fractal dimension and Hurst exponent), calculated using the roughness-length method, describe the long-term persistence of each tree-ring series and of the hydrologic record. The fractal dimensions range from 1.739 to 1.939 for the tree-ring series for the calibration period, and from 1.884 to 1.946 for the entire chronology periods. The fractal dimension for the annual hydrologic record is 1.802, and 1.819 from October 1 through May 31. Modification of each tree-ring series based on the ratios of the Hurst exponent of each series forced the fractal dimensions of the tree-ring series to be closer to that of the hydrologic series. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)}, keywords = {Watershed Management}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=765129271\&sid=4\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Grow, David Earl} } @mastersthesis {832, title = {Climate Response, Age Distribution, and Fire History of a Corkbark Fir (Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica) Stand in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {2001}, pages = {83}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

The southernmost known North American stand of corkbark fir (Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonaica (Merriam) Lemm.) is found in the Santa Catalina Mountains just north of Tucson, Arizona. Climate response, age distribution, and fire history were studied in this small corkbark fir stand to provide baseline information for future management. Response function analysis indicated April-June precipitation from the current growing season, April-June temperature from the current growing season, November-March precipitation prior to the growing season, and August-October precipitation from the previous growing season as the most highly correlated factor with ring-width variance. Age distritbution appeared to be a steady state. A fire chronology developed for the corkbark fir site was sused to test synchroneity of fire events with previously developed chronologies from nearby sites. Chi-squared analyses indicated significant association of fire years for all sites but not spread of fire from one site to another.

}, keywords = {age distribution, Arizona, climatology, corkbark, dendrochronology, fir stand, fire, mountains, santa catalina}, author = {June Psaltis} } @mastersthesis {591, title = {Delta-deuterium and delta-oxygen-18 in mixed conifer systems in the United States southwest: The potential of delta-oxygen-18 in Pinus ponderosa tree rings as a natural environmental recorder}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2001}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The North American Monsoon provides half of the annual precipitation in Tucson, Arizona. The other half occurs dominantly during the winter and early spring. Late spring is the transitional period to the monsoon and is characterized by high temperatures and low humidity. The reliability of this hyperarid period, the consistency of the timing of monsoon onset, and the recognition that certain high-elevation trees produce annual false latewood bands in response to this transitional period, were critical to the design of this dissertation research. I hypothesized that subannual environmental signals might be fixed in stable oxygen isotopes in cellulose from such trees. Existence of a long-term dataset of δD and δ 18 O from Tucson precipitation provided impetus for the collection of a companion dataset at a high-elevation site in the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson. Trees were sampled near the precipitation collection site. The relations between the stable isotope ratios in the precipitation and in the tree cellulose were identified through extraction of water from bimonthly samples of nearby soil, tree stems and needles. Spatial consistency of the cellulose stable isotope signals was measured using tree samples from seven additional sites across the U.S. desert Southwest. Correlations between Tucson summer precipitation δ 18 O and both local and extra-regional environmental parameters resulted in the identification of the dominant monsoonal moisture source for the Tucson area. Similar correlations with the cellulose δ 18 O timeseries from the post-false latewood cellulose, supported the previous interpretations, and suggest long-term reconstructions may be possible. Correlations between the earliest cellulose δ 18 O division and extra-regional environmental parameters suggest environmental measures may be reconstructable for the cool season. Comparison of the high and low elevation precipitation δD and δ 18 O datasets yielded many baseline measures of precipitation stable-isotope dynamics in the U.S. desert Southwest. Comparison of the high-elevation precipitation stable isotope record with soil and stem water δD and δ 18 O from nearby confirmed that local trees were using dominantly deeper soil water. I noted correlations between measured needle-water stable isotope values and values calculated using a leaf-water model, but systematic departures suggest an additional unmodeled process may operate in this system.}, keywords = {Geochemistry}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=728996441\&sid=11\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Wright, William Edward} } @article {755, title = {Going Against the Grain-Wood Production in Chacoan Society}, journal = {American Antiquity}, year = {2001}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {Chaco, Chacoan society, wood production}, author = {McKenna, Peter, and Windes, Thomas} } @mastersthesis {911, title = {Restoring Ponderosa Pine Forests in the Black Hills, South Dakota}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {2001}, pages = {50}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) forests have changed considerably during the past century, partly because recurrent fires have been absent for a century or more. In dense stands of ponderosa pine in the Black Hills of South Dakota, a layer of pine needles has replaced inderstory vegetation. I examined the disturbance history, soil seed bank, and effects of prescribed burning and overstory reduction on understory vegetation in a ponderosa pine stand in the northern Black Hills. Cessation of fires, prolific ponderosa pine regeneration, and logging led to a dense, even-aged stand with very little understory vegetation and few viable seeds in the soil seed bank. Understory vegetation did not respond to the restoration treatments the first growing season, but did respond the second growing season. Paucity of viable seeds in the soil seed bank does not appear to constrain recruitment of understory vegetation in dense ponderosa pine forests of South Dakota.

}, keywords = {black hills, fire history, overstory, pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, prescribed fire, restoring, soil seed bank, south dakota, stand age, understory}, author = {Wienk, Cody Lee} } @mastersthesis {839, title = {Spatial Relationships in Frost-Damaged High-Elevation Pines and Links to Major Volcanic Eruptions}, volume = {MS}, year = {2001}, pages = {67}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Frost injury in the annual growth rings of pines growing at upper treeline is a consequence of sudden freezing temperatures during the growing season (LaMarche \& Hirschboeck 1984). This updated and spatially extensive frost-ring study involves the systematic identification of frost rings in high-elevation pines located in 16 western USA tree-ring sites whose chronologies range from 1692 BC to AD 2000. Several \"notable frost events\" were identified, based on the criteria of frost damage occurring in greater than 25\% of trees at a given site and in two or more sites. The spatial variations between frost events indicate regional variations based on differences in elevation, latitude, and the location of polar outbreaks and their associated upper-level atmosphere circulation patterns. The 17 notable frost events correspond to previous frost ring and light ring evidence, and 13 of them are associated with climatically effective volcanic eruptions.

}, keywords = {atmosphere circulation, damage, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, frost, high elevation, pine, polar outbreak, relationship, spacial, tree ring, tree-ring, volcanic eruption}, author = {Hallman, Christine Lee} } @mastersthesis {655, title = {Winslow Orange Ware and the ancestral Hopi migration horizon}, volume = {Phd}, year = {2001}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {This project involved instrumental neutron activation analysis of 428 ceramic vessels and clays, typological analysis of 1135 vessels, and stylistic analysis of more than 400 bowls. Most of the items analyzed were recovered from the Homol{\textquoteright}ovi villages, a group of eight Pueblo III-Pueblo IV (circa A.D. 1250-1400) sites located near Winslow, Arizona. These studies were conducted in order to address the question of the origin(s), geographically speaking, of the ancient inhabitants of the Homol{\textquoteright}ovi villages. The results of the compositional analysis indicate local production of Winslow Orange Ware at Homol{\textquoteright}ovi and in the Petrified Forest. Circulation of Winslow Orange Ware to the Anderson Mesa area, the Tonto Basin, and the Verde Valley is also evident. Furthermore, among the earliest ceramic assemblages from the Homol{\textquoteright}ovi sites were found locally-produced versions of ancestral Hopi pottery types and vessel forms. The compositional data also point to local production of Roosevelt Red Ware at Homol{\textquoteright}ovi and in the Petrified Forest. The whole vessel study resulted in the observation that most Winslow Orange Ware vessels represent attempts to produce Jeddito Orange Ware using materials indigenous to the Middle Little Colorado River Valley. An examination of the dating and distribution of different kiva forms revealed that Homol{\textquoteright}ovi ceremonial architecture reflects western Kayenta and Tusayan patterns, supporting the ceramic-based inference of ancestral Hopi migration. Placing these results in broader context, it is possible to discern an ancestral Hopi migration horizon which corresponds with what has been called the Salado archaeological culture or the "Salado phenomenon." By examining Hopi oral texts, it was observed that many include information that correlates with archaeological and anthropological models of Hopi origins. By hypothesizing that these accounts represent significantly restructured texts, it is possible to resolve apparent disconformities between Hopi oral tradition and anthropological inferences. This conception of Hopi migration accounts allows resolution of conflicting interpretations of Homol{\textquoteright}ovi, i.e., the idea that it is an ancestral Hopi place because its inhabitants moved to the Hopi Mesas circa A.D. 1400, versus the notion that it is an ancestral Hopi place because its inhabitants were immigrants from the Hopi Mesas. }, keywords = {Ancestral, Arizona, Hopi, Migration, Winslow Orange Ware}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=729042861\&sid=14\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Patrick Lyons} } @mastersthesis {542, title = {Analysis and reconstruction of the relationship between a circulation anomaly feature and tree rings: Linear and nonlinear approaches}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2000}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Tree rings can be reliable recorders of past weather and climate variations. Tree rings from mountain regions can be linked to upper air atmospheric sounding observations and large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. A {\textquotedblleft}synoptic dendroclimatology{\textquotedblright} approach is used to define the relationship between tree rings and a specific upper air anomaly feature that affects climate in the western US. I have also reconstructed this anomaly feature using both regression and fuzzy logic approaches. Correlation analysis between 500 mb geopotential heights and tree rings at a site near Eagle, Colorado reveals an important anomaly centered over the western US. This center can be viewed as a circulation anomaly center index (CACI) that can quantitatively represent the relationship between atmospheric circulation and tree growth variations. To reconstruct this index from tree rings, I used both a multiple linear regression (MLR) and a fuzzy-rule-based (FRB) model. The fuzzy-rule-based model provides a simple structural approach to capture nonlinear relationships between tree rings and circulation. The reconstructing capability of both models is validated directly from an independent data set. Results show that the fuzzy-rule-based model performs better in terms of calibration and verification statistics than the multiple linear regression model. The reconstructed anomaly index can provide a long-term temporal context for evaluation of circulation variability and how it is linked to both climate and tree rings.}, keywords = {Statistics}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=731915311\&sid=23\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Ni, Fenbiao} } @mastersthesis {653, title = {Aspen: Ecological processes and management eras in northwestern Wyoming, 1807--1998}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2000}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Quaking aspen stands in many areas of the intermountain west are currently dominated by older (>100 year) age classes and may be in decline. The goals of my research are to: (1) place current observations of aspen decline into context by using historical and ecological data to investigate the interaction of fire, ungulate browsing, climate and human institutions in the regeneration of aspen stands over the last two centuries; (2) evaluate the challenges and limitations associated with using ecological history for management of aspen and other systems; and (3) compare current and historical aspen regeneration across three elk winter range areas in the intermountain West. Based on results from stand age structures, aspen regeneration in the Jackson Valley has occurred episodically since 1830, with three major periods of regeneration: 1860-1885; 1915-1940; and 1955-1990. These multi-decadal episodes of aspen regeneration are related to similar variability in precipitation, where above average periods of annual precipitation are associated with aspen regeneration. However, significant levels of aspen regeneration have only coincided with low or moderate elk population estimates and fewer aspen have regenerated than expected when elk populations are high ( X 2 = 59.92, p < 0.0001). Current aspen reproduction, though minimal, is strongly affected by elk browse with percent browse significantly higher in elk winter range than outside of elk winter range (p = 0.051). Though extensive or frequent fires may have maintained aspen communities during the pre-settlement era, current management controlled fires have not affected aspen sucker density. The influence of multiple interacting processes and drivers in the Jackson Valley suggests that reconstructing past ecosystems as benchmarks for ecological management should be considered carefully. Given future environmental variability, reconstructions of past systems should focus on ecological relationships rather than on single states or processes. Comparison of aspen in the three elk winter range areas indicates that heavy browsing by elk populations has had a strong influence on episodes of aspen regeneration for the last 150 years in all three elk winter ranges. However, elk are not having strong impacts on aspen outside of elk winter range. }, keywords = {Ecology, Geography, Paleoecology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=731957311\&sid=11\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Amy Hessl} } @mastersthesis {490, title = {A Computer-Assisted Tree-Ring Chronology Composition System}, volume = {MS}, year = {2000}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The design and implementation of a computer-assisted tree-ring chronology composition system for dendrochronology is described in this thesis. Methods for tree-ring growth sequence pattern matching, hierarchical composition of master chronologies, and analytical quality control are discussed in detail and systematically implemented in the CROSSDATE program in a highly visual, graphic environment. The objective of this work is to provide dendrochronologists with a robust set of tools for comparing the relative growth patterns of tree-ring samples for purposes of dating the samples and composing new master chronologies from individual tree-ring samples and other master chronologies. This system is complementary to the TREES program, a computer-vision based tree-ring identification and measurement system developed at the University of Arizona.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=729088511\&sid=4\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Engle, James Blaine} } @mastersthesis {559, title = {Dendroclimatology in the San Francisco Peaks region of northern Arizona, USA}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2000}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Millennial length temperature and precipitation reconstructions from tree rings are developed for the northern Arizona region and applied to questions regarding the nature of the cultural-environmental interface in the northern Southwest, the role of explosive volcanism as a forcing mechanism in temperature variability, and the state of late 20th century climate compared to the range of natural variability of the past. A 2660-year long bristlecone pine tree-ring chronology from high elevation in the San Francisco Peaks of northern Arizona is calibrated with instrumental annual mean-maximum temperature data to reconstruct temperature. Three 1400-year long lower elevation tree-ring chronologies, developed from both living trees and wood from archaeological sites on the Colorado Plateau, are calibrated with instrumental precipitation data (October-July) to reconstruct precipitation. The juxtaposition of these two reconstructions yields paleoclimatic insights unobtainable from either record alone. Results include the identification of wet, dry, cool, and warm intervals and the identification of periods of high and low variance in temperature and precipitation. Population movement into the Flagstaff area in the second half of the 11th century is attributed to relatively warm wet conditions. The role of temperature decline in the 13th century merits additional consideration in the prehistoric regional abandonment of the Four Corners area. Many of the reconstructed cold periods are linked to explosive volcanism. The second half of the 20th century is the warmest in the period of record, and extremely warm/wet conditions have persisted since 1976.}, keywords = {Paleoecology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=731919721\&sid=18\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Salzer, Matthew W.} } @mastersthesis {657, title = {Late Prehistoric technological and social reorganization along the Mogollon Rim, Arizona}, volume = {Phd}, year = {2000}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {This study seeks to study the social processes of community reorganization through the changing technological organization of flaked stone tools. The Mogollon Rim region of east-central Arizona, between AD 1000 and AD 1400, was the scene of remarkable social changes. In this period, migrants were attracted into the region and new small communities were created. After a period of dispersed settlement pattern communities, some of the communities developed large, aggregated settlements. In this process of aggregation, community growth was facilitated by the incorporation of migrants. Social integrative forces at work included the development of interhousehold exchanges, as well as informal and formal suprahousehold organizations. In spite of these social integrative forces, community dissolution and abandonment sooner or later came to all of these settlements. The technology of daily life is one means of exploring these social organizational forces. Chipped stone studies have been behind the times in the American Southwest when addressing social organization research through the examination of Pueblo chipped stone assemblages. Technological organization is a creation of households and suprahousehold groups. Technological organization changes as community organization changes. This study examines the chipped stone tools and debitage from ten east-central Arizona pueblos, forming inferences about how the organization of chipped stone tool production, distribution, consumption, and discard was arranged in each community. Each community studied was a product of migrants and resident families, social exchanges, social integration, and social dissolution. This study demonstrates the utility of chipped stone analysis for studying the social processes at work in communities. }, keywords = {Arizona, Flaked stone tools, Mogollon Rim, Prehistoric, Social reorganization, Technological organization}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=727734641\&sid=17\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Eric Kaldahl} } @mastersthesis {557, title = {Twentieth Century Fire Patterns in the Gila/Aldo Leopold Wilderness Areas, New Mexico and the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area, Idaho/Montana}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2000}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {I used archives of wildfire perimeters (fire atlases) within a geographic information system (GIS) to describe and evaluate fire frequency patterns for the 20 th century in the 486,673-ha Gila/Aldo Leopold Wilderness Complex (GALWC), New Mexico and the 785,090-ha Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Complex (SBWC) in Idaho and Montana. I addressed questions about changing 20 th century fire frequencies and landscape-scale controls of fire frequency by analyzing fire atlases along with data for topography, vegetation, and climate. Similarities and differences in comparisons between study areas highlight important aspects of fire regimes and strengthen my interpretation and inference. In the GALWC, fire rotations were shortest during the recent wildfire use period (1975-1993) and longest during the pre-modern suppression period (1909-1946). In the SBWC, fire rotations were shortest during the pre-modern suppression period (1880-1934) and longest during the modern suppression period (1935-1975). Elevations with the highest fire frequencies differed between study areas. However, forest types found at these elevations are characterized by similar overstory tree species. Steeper northeastern slopes in the GALWC and southwestern slopes in the SBWC burned most frequently. I assert that, in the GALWC, horizontal fuel continuity is a main factor determining fire frequency. In the SBWC, fuel moisture status limits fire frequency. Fires are most frequent in areas where ignitions occur and neither fuel continuity nor fuel moisture are likely to limit fire spread. Three statistical modeling approaches were used to produce maps of reburn probabilities. Log-likelihood modeling provided the most satisfactory results, while logistic regression and classification and regression trees yielded statistically insignificant models. Empirical models contributed to the assertion that fuel continuity limits fire frequency in the GALWC while fuel moisture limits fire frequency in the SBWC. Mapped fire perimeters provide a valuable source of spatial historical information for describing the role of large fires over broad areas. This dissertation enhances scientific knowledge about broad scale changes in fire regimes. Comparisons between areas facilitate identification of unique versus general patterns. Results provide a contemporary baseline for comparison with estimates of Pre-EuroAmerican fire frequencies, and a historical, spatial context for modeling and managing future fire regimes.}, keywords = {Watershed Management}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=728349901\&sid=9\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Rollins, Mathew Gregory} } @mastersthesis {656, title = {The architecture of Grasshopper Pueblo: Dynamics of form, function, and use of space in a prehistoric community}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1999}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Architecture can be an enigmatic class of material culture to understand archaeologically and a single approach to its analysis has defied archaeologists. This study views pueblos as analogous to organisms that are constantly developing and degenerating. The ability to draw behavioral inferences from the architecture of Grasshopper Pueblo (A.D. 1300-1400) is impacted not only by these everyday processes of growth and degeneration, but also by the activities of the different social or ethnic groups who were responsible for assembling the pueblo. Fortunately, this study benefits from a long and productive history of architectural research in the American Southwest and from a thirty-year excavation program at Grasshopper itself, which produced a large and representative sample of this complex architectural organism. This extensive sample insures reliable inferences about the growth and degeneration of Grasshopper Pueblo because it is representative of the parameters of time, space, and behavior at the site. This study reinforces previous work at Grasshopper and provides new insights into intrasite community dynamics that have implications for both Grasshopper research and for studies of architecture and community patterns at other southwestern pueblo sites.}, keywords = {Architecture, Arizona, Grasshopper Pueblo, Prehistoric, Use of space}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=733967641\&sid=16\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Charles Riggs} } @mastersthesis {696, title = {delta(13)C and stomatal density variability in modern and fossil leaves of key plants in the western United States}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1999}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {During the last deglaciation, 15,000 to 12,000 calendar years ago, global warming and wholesale shifts in regional precipitation patterns produced dramatic changes in vegetation worldwide. Paleobotanical records, namely pollen and macrofossils, have been used not only to reconstruct shifts in plant distributions and abundances, but also to quantify changes in temperature and precipitation amounts or seasonality. In addition to climatic change, during the full glacial period atmospheric CO 2 values had dropped 30\% to 200 ppmv compared to the Holocene, preindustrial value of 280 ppmv. Hypothetically, variations in atmospheric CO 2 affect plant water-use efficiency (carbon gained to plant-water transpired) and thus may have modulated vegetation response as climates change. The studies incorporated in this dissertation focused upon carbon isotope and morphological changes in leaves of key functional groups. The studies concentrated on plant species that are abundant in the fossil record and comprise major floral components of past and present vegetation. Key findings include: (1) that shifts in δ 13 C in modern populations along steep environmental gradients seldom exceeds inter-plant variability at a given site, (2) inter-plant and intra-site variability in modern and historic herbarium collections of the C 4 halophytes Altriplex canescens and A. confertilfolia and packrat midden macrofossils of A. canescens excludes their use as a reliable proxy for atmospheric δ 13 C, (3) calcium-oxalate crystals are common component in plant tissue and can have a significantly different δ 13 C value that increases inter-plant variability, especially in C 4 plants such as Atriplex canescens and A. confertifolia , (4) carbon isotope and stomatal density/index measurements of macrofossils from packrat middens show species specific adaptation in ecophysiological processes as atmospheric CO 2 rose from the full glacial, and (5) the greatest adaptation to low atmospheric CO 2 during the last ice age was in the C 3 species and that C 4 and CAM plants showed few changes in their discrimination against 13 C or in the number of stomata on their leaf surfaces.}, keywords = {Atriplex, Carbon-13, Fossil leaves, Stomatal density}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=731687391\&sid=11\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Peter van der Water} } @mastersthesis {654, title = {The organization of migrant communities on a Pueblo frontier}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1999}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The Mogollon Rim Region of the eleventh and twelfth centuries presents a contradiction to those who study it. Population reconstructions demonstrate low populations, but the region, situated on the far southwestern edge of the puebloan world, is overbuilt with a form of community integrative architecture called the "great kiva." Situated outside the areas of Southwest archaeology{\textquoteright}s strong organizations, the region is considered one of archaeology{\textquoteright}s "weak patterns." "Weak patterns" indicate a lack of normative behavior and are associated with patterns of expediency, diversity, and mobility, and identify regions with alternative forms of social organization, including frontiers. The frontier can be understood as both a "place" and a "process." This definition provides an analytic bridge between weakly patterned behavioral manifestations and sociopolitical interpretations of areas beyond and between archaeology{\textquoteright}s strong patterns. It also clarifies the implications of the coincidence of the processes migration, integrative architecture, and situations of low population density. In this dissertation, ethnographic and historical accounts are used to develop a model of the frontier. The frontier situation has an effect on the organization of households and communities. Understanding the relationships of households and communities is a means of reconstructing the social and political organization of a region. The frontier model is operationalized by deriving expectations for household and community production, distribution, transmission, reproduction, and coresidence. Data from five excavated Mogollon Rim region great kiva sites: Cothrun{\textquoteright}s Kiva Site, Hough{\textquoteright}s Great Kiva Site, AZ P:16:160(ASM), Tla Kii Pueblo, and Carter Ranch Pueblo, four management projects, and over 20 surveys provide information about household and community production, distribution, transmission, reproduction, and coresidence. These data are then used to reconstruct the sociopolitical organization of the region as a frontier. Comparison of the material culture of the Mogollon Rim region to that of the three contemporaneous regional organizations of Chaco, Mimbres, and Hohokam suggests that the Mogollon Rim region was a frontier to the Chacoan organization. This application of a frontier model suggests that is possible to use ethnographic and historical information to construct models that integrate regions of weak patterns and temporary social formations into models of social and political organization. }, keywords = {Arizona, Eleventh century, Frontier, Migrant communities, Pueblo, Twelfth century}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=733967891\&sid=13\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Sarah Herr} } @mastersthesis {558, title = {Tree-Ring Reconstruction of Western Spruce Budworm Outbreaks in the Rio Grande National Forest, Colorado}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1999}, pages = {97}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Tree-ring records were used to reconstruct the spatial and temporal patterns of western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) outbreaks in the Rio Grande National Forest (RGNF) of southern Colorado. Reconstructions at 11 host stands showed a synchronous pattern of outbreaks with a peak in the number of trees recording outbreaks over the entire RGNF on average every 24 years. These synchronous periods of outbreaks coincided with periods of increased moisture as indicated by an independently reconstructed summer Palmer Drought Severity Index, while relatively few trees recorded outbreaks during dry periods. The reconstruction on the RGNF does not support the hypothesis that human land use has significantly altered outbreak patterns. Tree response to outbreaks in the RGNF was different from prior studies as reductions in the growth were typically detectable only when growth was compared to that of nonhost tree species.

}, keywords = {colorado, dendrochronology, department of agriculture, forest service, national forest, outbreak, palmer drought severity index, RGNF, rio grande, tree ring, western spruce budworm}, author = {Ryerson, Daniel E.} } @mastersthesis {478, title = {Fire history and stand structure in the Huachuca Mountains of Southeastern Arizona}, volume = {MS}, year = {1998}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Historically, wildfires in mixed conifer forests of Southwestern sky islands were frequent events. Dendrochronological methods were used to reconstruct fire regimes and stand age structures in the Huachuca Mountains of Southeastern Arizona. Pre-settlement (i.e., before ca. 1870) fire intervals ranged from 4 to 10 years, with many fires spreading over the entire sample area. Stand age distributions show an increase in more shade-tolerant tree species. Although ponderosa pine is still the dominant overstory tree species, recent recruitment is predominantly southwestern white pine and Douglas-fir. Establishment of Ft. Huachuca in 1877 was a precursor to extensive use of timber, mineral, range and water resources in the Huachuca Mountains. The fire regime was altered at this time, with only one subsequent widespread surface fire recorded in 1899. Settlement era land-use practices may be responsible for changes in stand structure and composition.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=738257621\&sid=3\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Danzer, Shelley Rae} } @mastersthesis {516, title = {Fire History in Riparian Canyon Pine-Oak Forests and the Intervening Desert Grasslands of the Southwest Borderlands: A Dendroecological, Historical, and Cultural Inquiry}, volume = {MS}, year = {1998}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Dendroecological, documentary, and ethnoecological evidence were combined to provide an integrated understanding of past natural and cultural fires in the Southwest Borderlands. Fire frequency for the desert grasslands was inferred from synchronous intercanyon fire events. Mean fire intervals range between 4-8 years in canyon pine-oak forests, 4-9 years in the intervening desert grasslands, and 5-9 years in the mixed-conifer forests. Riparian canyon pine-oak forests were important corridors for fire spread between the desert grasslands and higher-elevation forests. The decline of post-settlement (\>1870s) fires typical of most forests in U.S., is not evident south of the border in Mexico.

Documentary evidence reveals the Apache had detailed knowledge of fire, that burning practices were controlled and limited, and ecosystem enhancement through intentional burning was not suggested. However, the common exception was burning practiced during wartime periods, principally by the Apache but also by the Spanish, Mexicans, and later Americans. Fire reconstructions indicate that wartime-period fires were significantly more frequent than peacetime periods at several canyon-rancher{\'I}a sites.

}, keywords = {apache, borderland, cultural, dendrochronology, dendroecological, desert grassland, ethnoecological, fire, fire history, historical, Mexico, oak, peacetime, pine, post settlement, riparian, southwest, spanish, wartime, Watershed Management}, author = {Kaib, J. Mark} } @mastersthesis {535, title = {A model for assigning temper provenance to archaeological ceramics with case studies from the American Southwest}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1998}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Well-designed provenance studies form the basis from which questions of human economy and behavior are addressed. Pottery is often the subject of such studies, requiring geological and archaeological evidence to establish patterns of ceramic economy. A generalized theoretical and methodological framework for provenance studies is presented, followed by specific considerations for ceramic provenance studies. Four main sources of variation affect pottery composition: geological distribution of resources, geological resource variability, differential economic factors affecting resource use, and technological manipulation of materials. Post depositional alteration is also considered. This ceramic provenance model provides explicit guidelines for the assessment of geological aspects of provenance, since geological resource availability affects acquisition by humans and thus archaeological research designs, in which interdependent geological and archaeological scalar factors must be balanced against budgets. Two case studies illustrate the model. The first is of sand-tempered pottery from the Tonto Basin, Arizona, where the bedrock geology is highly variable giving rise to geographically unique sands. Zones with similar sand compositions are modeled using actualistic petrofacies, the Gazzi-Dickinson point-counting technique, and multivariate statistics. Methods used to create a petrofacies model are detailed, as is the model{\textquoteright}s application to sand tempered utilitarian sherds from three Tonto Basin project areas. Data analysis reveals strong temporal and spatial ceramic production and consumption patterns. The second is of crushed-schist-tempered Hohokam pottery. Crushed schist was often used to temper pre-Classic Hohokam plain ware pottery in central Arizona{\textquoteright}s middle Gila River valley. Systematic investigation of rocks from the Pinal Schist terrane in the middle Gila River valley was conducted to assess how many sources were exploited prehistorically, and whether schist or schist-tempered pottery were exchanged. Chemical analysis shows that the sources can be statistically discriminated from one another. Schist source data were compared to schist extracted from plain ware sherds and to unmodified pieces of schist recovered from two archaeological sites. Preliminary indications are that schist was derived from several sources. This model provides a flexible, archaeologically relevant framework for assessing temper provenance. Hopefully, archaeologists and petrologists alike will use it to define ceramic provenance research problems and communicate effective solutions to one another.}, keywords = {Geology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=737676271\&sid=19\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Miksa, Elizabeth J.} } @mastersthesis {500, title = {Sierra Nevada Tree Rings and Atmospheric Circulation}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1998}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

The primary objective of this research is to investigate relationships between extremes in central Sierra Nevada tree growth, temperature and precipitation and winter and summer atmospheric circulation. Using existing Sierra Nevada chronologies, I developed two mean chronologies for the period of overlap between instrumental and tree-ring records (1900-1987), one for giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) and one for treeline pines (Pinus balfouriana, Pinus albicaulis) and selected the highest and lowest quintiles of tree growth as extreme years. For these years, I constructed and analyzed maps of composite anomalies for the following climatic data: tropospheric pressure (SLP, 700 mb, 500 mb), storm track (positive vorticity advection [PVA], a variable not previously used in dendroclimatology), temperature, precipitation, and snow (a variable often assumed have the same effects on growth as winter precipitation). Results suggest that extreme growth in these trees is associated with distinct patterns of winter atmospheric circulation and snow depth that are consistent with instrumental studies for the Western U.S. The storm track and snow analyses, seldom used in dendroclimatology, added substance to inferences based on analyses of tropospheric and surface climate parameters. This study shows the strong potential for reconstruction of these variables using Sierra Nevada trees. Synthesis of these results suggests that sequoia exhibit low growth during years with meridional winter and summer circulation, winter storms primarily occluded in the Gulf of Alaska, and low snow depth; sequoia exhibit high growth during years with low winter pressure in the north Pacific, long duration storms, a SW-NE oriented storm track entering North America at the California-Oregon border, high snow depth and zonal summer flow. Treeline pines exhibit low growth during years with enhanced ridging over the eastern Pacific, cool, short duration winter storms along a northern track, low snow depth and high east Pacific summer SLP; these pines exhibit high growth during years with warm, long duration winter storms following a southern track, a quasi-PNA atmospheric circulation pattern, average snow depth and a northeastward displaced summer subtropical high. Evidence presented herein suggests that variation in extreme treeline pine growth tracks low frequency changes in north Pacific atmospheric circulation.

}, keywords = {Paleoecology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=733009441\&sid=28\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Garfin, Gregg Marc} } @mastersthesis {723, title = {Simulating the Long House Valley: An evaluation of the role of agent-based computer simulation in archaeology}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1998}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {This study presents the results of a detailed analysis of an agent-based computer simulation called Artificial Anasazi. The simulation attempts to replicate the population growth and settlement patterns of the prehistoric Kayenta Anasazi of Long House Valley in northeastern Arizona between A.D. 400-1300. Agent-based simulations model social evolution from the bottom-up, using heterogeneous agents that follow simple rules, in contrast to the top-down computer simulations usually used by archaeologists. Artificial Anasazi is tested against the archaeological record of the real Long House Valley through both qualitative and quantitative methods, and an analysis of the relevant ethnographic information is presented. The ultimate goal of this study is to elucidate the potentials and pitfalls of using agent-based computer simulation as a serious research tool in archaeology.}, keywords = {Arizona}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=734127421\&sid=51\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Matthew Littler} } @mastersthesis {658, title = {Temperature reconstructions spanning the Continental Divide: Bristlecone and limber pine trees as proxy data}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1998}, school = {Arizona State University}, abstract = {Variability in the intensity and magnitude of the Pacific North American (PNA) circulation pattern and the reverse-PNA affects high and low frequency temperature variations on either side of the Continental Divide, on the Colorado Plateau. The PNA circulation pattern corresponds with cooler temperatures on the Colorado Plateau, whereas the reverse-PNA circulation pattern corresponds with warmer temperatures on the Colorado Plateau associated with a high pressure ridge over the Rocky Mountains. Temperature was reconstructed using three Pinus aristata (bristlecone pine) chronologies and one Pinus flexilis (limber pine) chronology from subalpine sites located on either side of the Continental Divide in Colorado and Arizona. The standardized ring-indices of the four chronologies (scAD 548-1994) were correlated with historic temperature data from twelve ground stations and upper air temperature data from four radiosonde stations in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah. Temperature reconstructions across a transect spanning the Continental Divide on the Colorado Plateau provide valuable insight to temporal changes in large scale circulation patterns. Reconstructions of annual temperature indicate there were several periods when temperatures were below the modern mean east of the Continental Divide when they were above the modern mean west of the Continental Divide. Variability in the direction of temperature change on either side of the Continental Divide may reflect a westward displacement of the high pressure ridge at different times in history. Reconstructions of annual temperature also indicate 850 mb temperature east of the Divide is slightly higher when the PNA circulation pattern occurs as a teleconnection to El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. In contrast, annual 700 mb temperature west of the Divide is slightly lower. Temperature reconstructions also indicate higher mean annual temperatures occurred between scAD 550 to 600, scAD 900-980, and scAD 1040-1080, and scAD 1130-150 than between 1950 and the present. These reconstructions suggest low frequency cycles of above average temperatures have occurred throughout history. These results indicate more research is required to determine whether recent warming trends identified by other researchers reflect anthropogenic warming or natural cycles. }, keywords = {Bristlecone, Continental divide, Limber pine, Pinus, Temperature reconstructions}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=732946061\&sid=18\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Diane Douglas} } @mastersthesis {548, title = {Carbon Isotopic Variations in 7 Southwestern U.S. Plants from Herbarium Collections of the Last 150 Years}, volume = {MS}, year = {1997}, school = {University of Arizona}, keywords = {Renewable Natural Resources}, author = {Pedicino, Lisa Christina} } @mastersthesis {830, title = {A Dendrochronological Record of Pandora Moth (Coloradia Pandora, Blake) Outbreaks in Central Oregon}, volume = {MS}, year = {1997}, pages = {159}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {Pandora moth (Coloradia Pandora Blake) is a phytophagous insect, defoliating ponderosa pine trees in the western United States. However, long-term studies of this insect and its effects on the forest ecosystem have not been conducted. Using dendrochronological techniques, I examined past timing and intensity of defoliation through its effects on radial growth of trees in the forests of south central Oregon. Pandora moth leaves a distinctive ring-width "signature" that was easily identifiable in the wood. The growth for the first year of the signature was half the normal ring-width with narrow latewood. The following two years produced extremely narrow rings, with the entire suppression lasting from 4 to 18 years. Twenty-two individual outbreaks were reconstructed from this 620 year chronology. I found that pandora moth outbreaks were episodic in individual sites, with a return interval of 9 to 156 years. Conversely, on the regional scale of south central Oregon, outbreaks demonstrated a 37-year periodicity. On average, pandora moth defoliation caused a 29\% mean periodic growth reduction in defoliated ponderosa pine trees. Spread maps of the first year that sites demonstrated suppression were plotted revealing an apparent annual spread of the outbreaks. Examination of a fire history on one pandora moth outbreak site suggested that pandora moth outbreaks delay fire by interrupting the needle fall needed for fire spread. Superposed epoch analysis showed that the year that the outbreak was first recorded was significantly dry and the fourth year prior was significantly wet. Therefore, climate may be a triggering factor in pandora moth outbreaks. The stem analysis demonstrated that the percent volume reduction was the greatest at the base of the tree and declined further up the bole. The percent volume reduction in the canopy of the trees was variable with outlying high and low values. THe mean volume reduction per outbreak was .053 m3 per tree. Although this insect is considered a forest pest and causes inconvenience for people living nearby, pandora moth is not as widespread and damaging as some other phytophagous insects. However, its very distinctive ring-width signature and the length of the ponderosa pine record enables reconstruction of very long outbreak histories, which may deepen our understanding of the interaction between defoliating insects and their ecosystem. }, keywords = {Coloradia pandora, dendrochronology, entomology, fire, fire history, growth, insect, Oregon, outbreak, pandora moth, phytophagous, ponderosa pine, ring-width, tree ring}, author = {Speer, James Hardy} } @mastersthesis {580, title = {The Dendrochronology of the Navajo Pueblitos of Din{\'e}tah}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1997}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Pueblito sites include masonry structures and forked-stick hogans in defensible positions in the traditional Navajo homeland of Dinetah. Pueblitos have been a key piece of evidence used to infer a massive immigration of Puebloans into the Navajo country following the Spanish Reconquest of New Mexico. Archaeological and tree-ring evidence places the sites in their proper temporal and geographic perspectives and suggests that immigration has been overstated as a factor in models of Navajo cultural development. An expanded pueblito site tree-ring database illuminates early Navajo wood use behavior, the temporal and spatial patterning of pueblito site occupations, and relationships between climate and the Navajo occupation and abandonment of Dinetah. Wood use behaviors identified at the pueblito sites include construction with freshly cut and stockpiled timbers, beam reuse, repair and remodeling of structures, and dead wood use. Different selection criteria by the builders, combined with differential preservation, have resulted in different qualitative and quantitative data for pueblitos and forked-stick hogans. The wood use model developed has serious implications for dating early Navajo structures. The tree-ring and archaeological data indicate that most pueblitos are neither temporally nor spatially related to Puebloan immigration or the Spanish Reconquest. Masonry structures and hogans at the sites are contemporaneous and were constructed by Navajos for protection against Ute raiders. Furthermore, most pueblitos were occupied for relatively short periods of time and the regional population density was much lower than has been previously assumed. A dendroclimatic reconstruction indicates that the 1300s and late 1400s were both periods of relatively stable and favorable conditions that may have facilitated Navajo entry into the Dinetah. The drought of 1748, often cited as a cause of the abandonment of the Dinetah, was a single-year event and probably not a {\textquotedblleft}push{\textquotedblright} in the abandonment. The wide geographic distribution of early Navajo settlement has been ignored because of the spectacular nature of and good preservation in pueblitos. A new model of Navajo ethnogenesis is based on a different early Navajo population distribution and a variety of other means of incorporating non-Athapaskan elements into Navajo culture.}, keywords = {Cultural anthropology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739840121\&sid=21\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Towner, Ronald Hugh} } @mastersthesis {439, title = {Fire Histories of Upper Elevation Forests in the Gila Wilderness, New Mexico via Fire Scar and Stand Age Structure Analyses}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1997}, pages = {120}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Fire-scar analysis to identify fire events and stand age structure analysis to identify fire effects on survivorship of trees were used to reconstruct surface and crown fire regimes in upper elevation forests of the Gila Wilderness, NM. Fire regimes varied across forest type, but not necessarily across elevation. Prior to the twentieth century, (from 1706 to 1904), the mean interval for large fires was 8 years. During the twentieth century, (from 1904 to 1995), the mean fire return interval for large fires was 46 years. The virtual end of historically frequent fire regimes due to livestock grazing and fire suppression since the turn of the century has affected successional pathways of forest types across elevations, favoring later successional forest species and structures.

}, keywords = {dendrochronology, fire, fire regime, fire scar, gila wilderness, new mexico, stand age, suppression, tree ring, upper elevation}, author = {Abolt,Rena Ann Peck} } @mastersthesis {541, title = {A History of Archaeological Tree-Ring Datin: 1914-1945}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1997}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Dendrochronology, the science of assigning precise and accurate calendar dates to annual growth rings in trees, was the first independent dating technique available to prehistorians. Archaeological tree-ring dating came of age at a time when North American archaeologists concerned themselves primarily with time-space systematics, yet had no absolute and independent dating techniques available to guide their analyses. The history of archaeological tree-ring dating from 1914 through the end of World War II is often reduced to discussions of the discovery of specimen HH-39 on June 22, 1929 and considerations of the National Geographic Society Beam Expeditions of 1923, 1928, and 1929. The development and integration of archaeological tree-ring dating is in fact much more complex than these simplistic histories indicate. The {\textquotedblleft}bridging of the gap,{\textquotedblright} as symbolized by the discovery of HH-39, represents merely the culmination of an intense 15-year long research effort that included at least seven {\textquotedblleft}beam expeditions{\textquotedblright} and a great deal of laboratory and brilliant archaeological research. By 1931, four Southwestern archaeological research institutions had hired dendrochronologists to conduct archaeological tree-ring dating in support of their various research interests. By 1936, dendrochronology was being applied in support archaeological research in the Mississippi Valley and Alaska. By 1942 however, Southwestern archaeological tree-ring dating once again became the exclusive domain of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research at the University of Arizona, and by 1950 efforts to extend tree-ring dating to other parts of North America as well. A controlled analysis and comparison of tree-ring sample collection activity, correspondence, unpublished research records, and the publication record relevant to North American archaeological tree-ring dating from 1914 to 1945 provides a chronicle of important events in the development of archaeological dendrochronology, provides an understanding of the processes through which tree-ring dating became incorporated in increasingly sophisticated archaeological analyses and interpretations of Southwestern and indeed North American prehistory, serves as a case study for a proposed unilineal model of the development and incorporation of analytical techniques in archaeology, and lays the foundation for a body of theory regarding the development of ancillary chronometric and archaeometric techniques and their application to archaeological problems.}, keywords = {Science history}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739840221\&sid=5\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Nash, Stephan Edward} } @mastersthesis {659, title = {New perspectives on settlement patterns: Sedentism and mobility in a social landscape}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1997}, school = {Arizona State University}, abstract = {Reconstructing the economic organization of ancient societies and unraveling the development of political complexity requires an understanding of sedentism and mobility. Southwestern archaeology has increasingly focused on sedentism and mobility using a conceptual framework derived from hunter-gatherer research, which emphasizes seasonal movement and the ecological factors that influenced mobility. While producing many valuable studies, this framework is inadequate for a full understanding of population movement. This dissertation addresses this problem by expanding the temporal and spatial scales examined and by viewing mobility as a socially negotiated activity. Residential mobility in the Mesa Verde region is examined by focusing on two social scales--households and communities--and three analytic scales--sites, localities, and regions. Household residential mobility is evaluated by determining the occupation span of residential sites; occupation span is measured by determining the total accumulation of cooking pot sherds and calibrating an annual accumulation rate per household. Community sedentism within a locality is examined through an analysis of structure and site abandonment, and the length of time that individual communities occupied their locality is measured by determining how continuously timbers were harvested. Finally, community mobility within the region is assessed using tree-ring dates and settlement pattern data. These data on household and community movement are interpreted in social terms by reconstructing the changing social landscape in which mobility occurred. Geographic information systems analysis is used to examine how the rugged terrain of the Mesa Verde region affected population movement and to analyze the catchments surrounding individual communities. Residential mobility is an essential part of the mode of production whereby individuals, households, and larger factions gained access to land and labor, the two most important resources for agricultural production. Thus, residential movement is an example of human agency, which occurred in the context of a social structure that developed historically. Land tenure, residence rules, and marriage rules are aspects of the structure that are particularly relevant to understanding population movement. This dissertation examines how the structure both enabled and constrained the practice of residential mobility, and how the practice of residential mobility both reproduced and transformed the structure. }, keywords = {colorado}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739774541\&sid=19\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Mark Varien} } @mastersthesis {549, title = {Precipitation seasonality recorded in D/H ratios of pinyon pine cellulose in the southwestern United States}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1997}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {I assessed the paleoclimatic significance of $\delta$D values of pinon pine (Pinus edulis and P. monoyhylla) cellulose nitrate (cn) by developing, testing and applying deterministic and empirical models, in the context of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Stable isotope values of precipitation, soil water, xylem sap, leaf water, atmospheric vapor, annual and sub-annual samples of tree-ring and needle cellulose, and climatic parameters, were measured along, a gradient of decreasing summer rain in the southwestern U.S. Stable isotope composition of sap indicated depth of moisture extraction. Over the growing season in New Mexico and Arizona, where monsoon rains are important, trees shifted their water use to shallower depths. In Nevada, where summer rain is scarce, trees shifted to deeper moisture late in the growing season. Evaporation altered $\delta$D and $\delta\sp{18}$O values of precipitation inputs to soil. Only after heavy monsoons did soil water and sap isotopically resemble recent precipitation. Average precipitation $\delta$D values set the baseline for $\rm\delta D\sb{cn}$ values at each site, but interannual variations in relative humidity and precipitation amount altered wood and leaf $\rm\delta D\sb{cn}$ values, via leaf water effects. Leaf water (lw) was evaporatively enriched by seasonal moisture stress. $\rm\delta D\sb{lw}$ and $\rm\delta\sp{18}O\sb{lw}$ values were strongly correlated with relative humidity on a seasonal basis, but not on a diurnal basis. Measured $\rm\delta\sp{18}O\sb{lw}$ values fit a steady-state model, with an offset attributable to relative humidity. Measured $\rm\delta D\sb{lw}$ values were more depleted than predicted by the model, suggesting leaf water-organic matter isotopic exchange. Biochemical fractionation $\rm(\epsilon\sb{B})$ of hydrogen isotopes between leaf water and cellulose was inversely correlated with relative humidity. Empirical models based on linear regressions demonstrated significant correlations between $\rm\delta D\sb{cn}$ values and precipitation seasonality. An El Nino-Southern Oscillation signal (wood $\rm\delta D\sb{cn}$ values inversely related to winter precipitation amount) was found in New Mexico and Arizona. A summer rain signal (leaf $\rm\delta D\sb{cn}$ values inversely related to summer humidity) was found at all sites. $\rm\delta D\sb{cn}$ values of pinon needles in packrat middens from Sevilleta LTER, New Mexico, suggest that late Pleistocene summers were as wet as today{\textquoteright}s, and/or that storm tracks could have shifted, bringing in more tropical moisture than currently.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=736806701\&sid=12\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Pendall, Elise Gislaine} } @mastersthesis {585, title = {Reconstruction of historical fire regimes along an elevation and vegetation gradient in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico}, volume = {MS}, year = {1997}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to reconstruct historical fire regimes along an elevation and vegetation gradient in the Sacramento Mountains, NM. I cross-dated fire-scarred specimens to reconstruct the fire history within two mixed-conifer, four ponderosa pine, and two pinon-juniper stands. Prior to Euro-American settlement, historical fire intervals were estimated at 6 years in ponderosa pine, 10 years in mixed-conifer, and 27 years in pinon-juniper forests. To evaluate whether Native Americans may have influenced historical fire regimes, I cross-dated scars from peeled trees found within the study area. Comparison between scar dates, historical records, and variations in fire frequencies did not show a regional effect on historical fire regimes by Mescalero, but suggested that they may have had a local impact on fire frequencies of the late 1700{\textquoteright}s. Following Euro-American settlement (ca. 1880) fire was nearly absent from the study area due to livestock grazing and fire suppression.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=738180921\&sid=4\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Wilkinson, Margot Carolina} } @mastersthesis {590, title = {Tsegi Canyon Cliff Ruin Beam Coring Project: A Dendrochronological Analysis of Six Sites in the Tsegi Canyon Complex, Northeastern Arizona}, volume = {MA}, year = {1997}, school = {University of Arizona}, keywords = {Archaeology}, author = {Wright, William Edward} } @mastersthesis {663, title = {The archaeological measures and social implications of agricultural commitment}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1996}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {This is a case study of the causes and consequences of the shift from a forager-farmer adaptive strategy to village agriculture in the Southwest{\textquoteright}s mountainous Transition Zone. The earliest inventions and adoptions of agriculture have attracted a steady stream of archaeological research, but far less attention has been given to the subsequent change to dietary dependence on and organizational dedication to food production--agricultural commitment. Although there is little doubt that the Southwest{\textquoteright}s large villages and small towns were committed to successful farming, methodological and conceptual problems have impeded archaeological analyses of the ecological and evolutionary implications of this revolutionary shift in how people related to the world and to one another. The rapid and radical change that occurred in the Transition Zone{\textquoteright}s Grasshopper Region during the late AD 1200s and early 1300s provides a high resolution glimpse at the processes and products of agricultural commitment--notably increasing reliance on farming and the development of permanent towns and institutionalized systems for resource and conflict management. The model proposed for the Grasshopper Region involves population immigration and aggregation leading to increased agricultural reliance and related changes in settlement and subsistence ecology as well as social organization. Critical issues involve the ecological, social, and theoretical significance of these shifts, the methodological capacity to track dietary, settlement, and organizational change archaeologically, and the implications for understanding Western Pueblo social development in terms of seeing the Grasshopper occupation as an experiment in agriculturally-focused village life.}, keywords = {Fort Apache Indian Reservation, Mogollon culture, White Mountain Apache Tribe}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739663551\&sid=2\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {John Welch} } @mastersthesis {589, title = {Climate variability in the southwestern United States as reconstructed from tree-ring chronologies}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1996}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The primary goal of this research is to gain a better understanding of the spatial and temporal relationships between atmospheric circulation features and winter climate variability in the southwestern United States, and to investigate the variations in these relationships over the past three centuries. A set of six circulation indices is compiled that describes circulation features important to winter climate variability in this region. This set includes pre-existing indices such as the SOI and a modified PNA index, as well as regionally-tailored indices. A network of 88 tree-ring chronologies is then used to reconstruct the indices and the regional winter climate variables: numbers of rainy days (a variable not previously reconstructed with tree rings) and mean maximum temperature. Analyses suggest that three types of circulation features have influenced winter climate in the Southwest over the past three centuries. Although ENSO-related circulation patterns have been an important factor, especially in the 20th century, circulation patterns featuring a southwestern low appear to be as important if not more important to climate in some time periods. Results suggest that low frequency variations in atmospheric circulation patterns have occurred over the past three centuries and have had spatially and temporally varying impacts on winter climate in the Southwest.}, keywords = {Paleoecology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739718221\&sid=24\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Woodhouse, Connie Ann} } @mastersthesis {662, title = {An ethnographic perspective on prehistoric platform mounds of the Tonto Basin, Central Arizona}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1996}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The function of prehistoric platform mounds in the American Southwest has been a subject of archaeological debate for more than 100 years. Two basic theories have been suggested: platform mounds were the residential domains of elite leaders who ruled socially complex groups, or platform mounds were nonresidential ceremonial centers used by groups of low social complexity. These theories have been based primarily on archaeological data because platform mounds were not constructed by any historic period Southwestern group. To better understand the nature of these features and the groups that used them, a cross-cultural analysis is undertaken of ethnographic or ethnohistoric platform mound-using groups from the Pacific Ocean region, South America, and the southeastern United States. Nine groups are examined in detail, and common attributes of mound-using groups are abstracted and synthesized. Insights gained through this analysis are then applied to a prehistoric settlement system in the Eastern Tonto Basin of central Arizona. This system was most intensively occupied during the Roosevelt phase (A.D. 1250-1350), when it contained five platform mounds within a 6-km stretch of the Salt River. A new model for Roosevelt phase settlement is presented that suggests that the platform mounds were constructed by two competing descent groups. Although the mounds were not residential, the groups that used them were socially complex with well-defined, institutionalized leadership. The mounds played a role in the management of irrigation and other subsistence systems and were used to integrate groups of different enculturative backgrounds and to mark descent group territory.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739658101\&sid=23\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Mark Elson} } @mastersthesis {661, title = {Late Quaternary vegetation history of the southern Owens Valley region, Inyo County, California}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1996}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {This study analyzes the pollen, spores, and algae in the upper 90 m section of a mostly continuous, well dated, 323 m core (OL-92) from Owens Lake, southeastern California. The entire core has produced a paleoclimatic record for the past $\sim$800 ka. The 90 m interval dates from $\sim$9 ka to $\sim$151 ka beginning with the penultimate glaciation and ending during the termination of the last glaciation. The record shows high amplitude fluctuations in the abundances of pine, juniper, saltbush, sagebrush, chenopods/amaranths, and Ambrosia-type pollen. High percentages of juniper pollen with low percentages of desertscrub pollen during the intervals $\sim$150 ka to $\sim$120 ka and 73 ka to $\sim$20 ka alternate with low juniper pollen and relatively high percentages of desertscrub and oak pollen during the intervals $\sim$118 ka to $\sim$103 ka and $\sim$18 ka $\sim$10 ka and into the Holocene. Sagebrush pollen varies with juniper pollen but has a tendency to lead it in time. Pine and fir pollen tends to vary inversely with juniper over the long term. These trends are interpreted as vegetation change in response to glacial-interglacial cycles: During cold-wet glacial climates there was a downslope expansion of juniper woodland and sagebrush scrub, contraction of Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest, and displacement of warm desertscrub, suggesting average temperature and precipitation departures from modern values ranging from $-$2$\sp\circ$C to $-$6$\sp\circ$C and from +100 mm to +350 mm. Conversely under warmer and drier interglacials warm desert shrubs expanded their range in the lowlands, juniper and sagebrush retreated upslope, and the Sierran forests expanded. Estimated average temperature and precipitation departures from modern values ranged from $-$0.5$\sp\circ$C to +3.7$\sp\circ$C and +13 to $-$26 mm. Comparison of the pollen spectra spanning the penultimate and ultimate glacial maxima shows the former to have been longer and more intense, in accord with the Sierra Nevada glacial record. Similarly, the higher abundances of Ambrosia pollen during the last interglaciation, compared to the Holocene, indicate warmer temperatures in the former. The presence of high oak percentages also during the last interglaciation suggest an expansion of the summer monsoon. Finally, the match of the juniper curve with the marine oxygen isotope chronostratigraphy suggests a link between vegetation change in the southern Owens Valley and global climate.}, keywords = {climate, glaciation, global change, juniper, pine, sagebrush, saltbrush}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739577661\&sid=22\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Wallace Woolfenden} } @mastersthesis {660, title = {Patterns and processes of treeline forest response to late Holocene climate change in the Sierra Nevada, California}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1996}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Climate variation that occurred during the late Holocene left a visible imprint on the Sierra Nevadan landscape. Dead trees rooted above the current treeline testify to the dynamic history of subalpine forests, while seedlings established above treeline in recent decades hint at ongoing change. I used a combination of modern studies of tree growth and retrospective studies of forest population dynamics and treeline history to investigate the patterns and processes of subalpine forest response to late Holocene climate variation in the Sierra Nevada. Seedling apical growth increased with elevation, suggesting that local-scale microclimatic gradients, perhaps in combination with changes in resource availability, were a more important control over growth than are coarse-scale features of climate. The retrospective analysis of past population dynamics indicated that recruitment was more sensitive to climate variation than mortality. Recruitment was inversely correlated with temperature; mortality exceeded recruitment during warm, dry episodes, whereas recruitment exceeded mortality during cold, wet episodes. Mortality was uncorrelated with climate, except in the most marginal locations. Life history traits (extreme longevity, long reproductive life span) may impart inertia to treeline forests: population demise has not occurred in the past 3,500 years without increased adult mortality. Treeline elevation was higher than present for most of the last 3,500 years. Tree abundance and treeline elevation declined between A.D./B.C. and A.D. 400, A.D. 1000 and A.D. 1400, and after A.D. 1500. Treeline elevation and tree abundance increased at 2 sites from A.D. 400 to A.D. 700. Both moisture and precipitation appear to be important controls over population processes at treeline. Contraction of subalpine forests was associated with cold and warm/dry conditions, and the expansion of subalpine forests was associated with warm conditions. Treeline response to temperature can apparently be modified by water availability, which can invert treeline response to temperature, causing treeline to decline during warm periods. The most marginal populations, within 30 m of treeline, are sensitive to decadal to centennial-scale climate conditions. Non-marginal populations are generally insensitive to climate, and are likely buffered both by life history and by their position relative to the forest border.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=742626921\&sid=20\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Andrea Lloyd} } @mastersthesis {538, title = {Reconstruction and Interpretation of Historical Patterns of Fire Occurrence in the Organ Mountains, New Mexico}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1996}, pages = {144}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

The purpose of this research was to reconstruct and interpret the history of fire in the Organ Mountains, New Mexico. I used dendrochronological techniques to date fire scars on 90 trees comprising ten sites within the Fillmore Canyon watershed. Two fire regimes were identified during the pre-settlement period. Fire Regime I, 1650-1805, was characterized by a high fire frequency (ca. once every two years) and a predominance of patchy fires. Fire Regime II, 1805-1874, was characterized by a lower fire frequency (ca. once every 3.5 years) and a predominance of widespread fires. During the post-settlement period fire was virtually non-existent. I hypothesize that Apache use-of-fire influenced patterns during the pre-settlement period, while Euro-American land use activities influenced patterns during the post-settlement period. Fire-precipitation associations suggest that low fuel moisture levels were a pre-condition for widespread fires.

}, keywords = {dendrochronology, fillmore canyon, fire, Geography, historical, new mexico, organ mountains, reconstruction}, author = {Morino, Kiyomi Ann} } @mastersthesis {588, title = {Synoptic Dendroclimatology in the Upper Marmada River Basin: An Exploratory Study in Central Asia}, volume = {MS}, year = {1996}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Dendrochronological analysis of teak (Tectona grandis) collected from stumps in the Malpathar National Reserved Forest of the upper Narmada River Basin in central India has the potential to provide continuous and long-term information about changes in both the local climate of the Malpather National Reserved Forest site and the Indian monsoon circulation{\textellipsis}}, author = {Wood, Michelle Lee} } @mastersthesis {448, title = {The Dendroclimatological Potential of Araucaria cunninghamii (Hoop Pine) in North Queensland}, volume = {BS}, year = {1995}, school = {James Cook Universtiy of North Queensland}, abstract = {The statistics generated indicate that dendroclimatic studies of baldcypress in south Louisiana should prove fruitful. Evidence demonstrates that the species will be useful in analyzing regional anomalies, such as the low winter temperatures of the 1960{\textquoteright}s and 1976-79, and that baldcypress data may be able to be pooled with data from other species.}, author = {Barrs, Sally-anne} } @mastersthesis {550, title = {A Dendroecological Assessment of Whitebark Pine in the Sawtooth Salmon River Region Idaho}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1995}, pages = {56}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) tree-ring chronologies of 700 to greater than 1,000 years in length were developed for four sites in the Sawtooth-Salmon River region, central Idaho. These ring-width chronologies are used to (1) assess the dendrochronological characteristics of this species, (2) detect annual mortality dates of whitebark pine attributed to a widespread mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) epidemic during the 1909 to 1940 period, and (3) establish the response of whitebark pine tree ring-width growth to climate variables. Crossdating of whitebark pine tree-ring width patterns was verified. Ring-width indices had low mean sensitivity (0.123-0.174) typical of high elevation conifers in western North America, and variable first order autocorrelation (0.206-0.551). Mortality of dominant whitebark pine caused by mountain pine beetle had a maxima at 1930 on all four sites. Response functions and correlation analyses with state divisional weather records indicate that above average radial growth is positively correlated with winter and spring precipitation and inversely correlated with April temperature. These correlations appear to be a response to seasonal snowpack. Whitebark pine is a promising species for dendroclimatic studies.

}, keywords = {dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, dendroctonus ponderosae, dendroecology, idaho, pine beetle, pinus albicaulis, sawtooth salmon river, tree ring, whitebark pine}, author = {Perkins, Dana Lee} } @mastersthesis {664, title = {Reflected-light image analysis of conifer tree rings for dendrochronological research}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1995}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

The primary objective of this dissertation research is to use reflected-light image analysis to measure brightness of standard samples of conifer rings and then use brightness in dendrochronological research as a substitute for density. I developed an imaging system that ensures identical configuration of all components and measuring steps for all rings of a sample so that subsequent comparison of brightness between rings would be valid. From a mesic New England tree-ring site, I measured ring brightness of cores that had been previously measured using X-ray densitometry. Latewood brightness and density both correlate with April-May temperature such that they reconstruct that climate variable equally well. From a semiarid Southwest tree-ring site, I measured ring brightness of cores with severe extraneous color--mostly due to heartwood-sapwood color differences. Bleaching and organic extraction of cores did not overcome the problem of extraneous color, but autoregressively modeling brightness index series did. Various brightness and width variables combined to model July-October precipitation, a climate variable not usually reconstructed by Southwest tree-ring sites. From a stand of trees affected by a past earthquake, I measured ring brightness of one tree that responded to surface deformation with an apparent change in latewood density. Absolute latewood brightness did not change per se after the earthquake, but the amount of latewood relative to the total ring increased dramatically. Although technical and paleoenvironmental issues remain for future research, this study indicates that reflected-light image analysis is an excellent tool in dendrochronological research for increasing our understanding paleoenvironmental processes of the latest Holocene. The secondary objective of this dissertation research is to demonstrate a method for identifying low-frequency variation of tree-ring chronologies and/or past climate as reconstructed using tree-rings. This method provides confidence intervals with which to judge the significance or importance of low-frequency departures in tree-ring data as well as a visual basis for determining whether or not low-frequency variation is robustly estimated. This method is a re-ordering of the individual steps commonly used in constructing tree-ring chronologies or reconstructions.

}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=742087251\&sid=3\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Paul Sheppard} } @mastersthesis {504, title = {Tree-Ring Reconstructions of Climate and Fire History at El Malpais National Monument, New Mexico}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1995}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The purpose of this research was to: (1) reconstruct climate for the malpais region from long-lived trees and remnant wood; (2) reconstruct the fire history of forests in the malpais; and (3) investigate short-term and long-term relationships between wildfire and climate. To reconstruct climate, I calibrated a 2,129 year long tree-ring chronology (136 BC-AD 1992) with annual rainfall (previous July to current July). Since AD 100, seven major long-term trends in rainfall occurred. Above normal rainfall occurred during AD 81-257, 521-660, 1024-1398 and 1791-1992, while below normal rainfall occurred during AD 258-520, 661-1023 and 1399-1790. The prolonged drought from AD 258-520 was unsurpassed in its intensity, while rainfall during the most recent 200 years has exceeded any since AD 660. The reconstruction of long-term climate trends confirmed the general sequence of environmental change over the last 2,000 years for the southern Colorado Plateau. To reconstruct past fire occurrences, 217 fire-scarred trees were collected from nine sites representing the major habitat types of the malpais and dendrochronologically dated. Fire frequency was highest at sites on cinder cones and on the highly-weathered basalt flows (ca. once every five years), and lowest on the isolated kipukas and on the Hoya de Cibola Lava Flow (once every 10-12 years). Fire frequency decreased along a north to south gradient, reflecting changing vegetation properties. Combined information revealed fire occurred once every two years, while more widespread fires occurred once every 2.5 years. Fires were largely asynchronous between sites, suggesting the malpais landscape effectively hinders fire spread. Past fire history at El Malpais was characterized by four temporally distinct periods: (1) FH-1 (prior to 1782): high fire frequency, patchy fires, throughout the growing season; (2) FH-2 (1795-1880): longer fire intervals, widespread fires, mostly early season fires; (3) FH-3 (1893-1939): even longer intervals, decreased widespread fires; (4) FH4 (1940-1992): longest fire-free periods during the last 600 years. The increase in rainfall and the simultaneous change in fire regimes ca. 1790 was likely related to an increase in summer monsoonal rainfall due to changes in hemispheric circulation patterns. The decrease in fire spread ca. 1880 was most likely due to intense sheep grazing, while the change ca. 1940 reflects greater efficiency in fire suppression techniques. The presettlement fire regime emphasizes that the current absence of fire in the monument exceeds the historical range of variability established for the presettlement period. Unless effects of past human-related disturbances are mitigated, fire regimes of El Malpais will continue to favor high-intensity, catastrophic fires.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=742088811\&sid=3\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Grissino-Mayer, Henri Dee} } @mastersthesis {724, title = {Fire effects and vegetation response in a Madrean oak woodland, southeastern Arizona}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1994}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Following a June wildfire on the south slope of the Santa Catalina Mountains, vegetation was sampled to determine how composition, and fine fuels were affected. Spring and fall samples were taken in burned and unburned plots at three sites on south, east and north aspects. Twenty-one common species were selected for intensive analysis. Burning caused compositional changes with the most significant occurring on the north slope. Woody species and Selaginella were reduced while herbaceous species recovered rapidly. Total cover was generally greater in burned than unburned areas by 2$1\over2$ yr postfire. Recovery was rapid on south slopes dominated by herbaceous perennials and slower on north slopes dominated by woody species and Selaginella preburn. Oaks resprouted well after being topkilled, with Quercus oblongifolia more resistant than Q. emoryi to fire injury. Total herbaceous and litter biomass varied between 272-622 g$\cdot$m$\sp{-2}$ at unburned and 253-370 g$\cdot$m$\sp{-2}$ at burned sites 2$1\over2$ yr postfire. }, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=743230371\&sid=55\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Anthony Caprio} } @mastersthesis {726, title = {Great kivas as integrative architecture in the Silver Creek community, Arizona}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1994}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {This thesis explores the relationship between circular great kiva sites in the Silver Creek area and counterparts in regions across the Southwest. Great kivas, as communal architecture, are important in community integration. Exploring their distribution through the variables of time, space and form helps us understand change in community integration. The patterns in the temporal and spatial distribution of the Silver Creek great kivas correspond to the patterning of these variables in the Upper Little Colorado region. The majority of Silver Creek great kivas appear in a period of westward population movement after A.D. 1000. The Silver Creek great kivas, do not, however, show the same range of formal variation. Since many of the changes in the Upper Little Colorado area are described as resolving problems of increasing population and aggregation, lower population densities in the Silver Creek area may explain the reduced formal variability of its great kivas. }, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=748072191\&sid=58\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Sarah Herr} } @mastersthesis {540, title = {Growth responses of giant sequoia to fire and climate in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California}, volume = {MS}, year = {1994}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {I investigated the radial growth responses of giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) to fire in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Mean ring-width indices were used to compare growth between burned and unburned sites and between four different levels of fire severity. Mean growth increased in all sites in the post-burn periods relative to pre-burn periods. Favorable climatic conditions contributed to these growth increases. Post-fire mean growth for four out of seven burn sites, however, was significantly higher than that on unburned sites. In general, lower severity fire resulted in lower magnitude growth increases than those observed after moderate to higher severity fire. Very high severity fire that caused extensive foliage damage resulted in post-burn growth suppressions. Post-fire growth increases occurred whether post-burn years were wet or dry. Fire effects on site conditions may moderate climatic impacts on sequoia growth. Giant sequoia seedling establishment was favored by a combination of high severity fire and wet post-burn conditions.}, keywords = {Forestry}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=743039441\&sid=4\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Mutch, Linda Susan} } @mastersthesis {725, title = {Modeling changes in faunal use and availability on the Pajarito Plateau, New Mexico}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1994}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {This thesis tests the hypothesis that resource depletion accompanied aggregation on the Pajarito Plateau. It does so by examining changes in faunal resource availability and resource use during the Coalition and early Classic periods. The prehistoric deer population was estimated using precipitation data, following Young (1979). This estimation was used as a measure of potential resource availability for the periods concerned. Based upon the model, the mule deer population was expected to increase from the Coalition period to the early Classic period. Resource use was measured using faunal assemblages from 10 sites from the Pajarito Plateau. The sites examined in this thesis support various expectations which would suggest that resource depletion occurred on the Pajarito Plateau. It was found that changes in resource use could not be explained by environmental change alone. Thus, it appears that resource depletion on the Pajarito Plateau may have been due to human impact on the environment. }, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=748075101\&sid=57\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Rebeeca McKim} } @mastersthesis {515, title = {Modellierung der Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen der variation von klimatischen Elementen des Wasserhaushalts und dem Radialzuwachs von Fichten (Piecia abies (L.) Karst.) aus Hochlangen des S{\"u}dschwarzwald}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1994}, school = {University of Freiburg}, author = {Kahle, Hans-Peter} } @mastersthesis {451, title = {Spatial and Temporal Reconstruction of Twentieth-century Growth Trends in a Naturally-seeded Pine Forest}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1994}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

This research uncovered growth trends from 1920 to 1990 in a stand of south-western ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. scopulorum), and investigated the role of climate and competition in shaping the observed trends. I focused on a 800 x 400-m permanent plot maintained by the U.S. Forest Service since 1920 near Flagstaff, Arizona. Temporal growth trends were quantified by size class using a mixed linear model applied to forest inventories, repeated at 10-year intervals. Tree density and stand basal area increased from 1920 to 1990, but growth rates of individual trees declined regardless of size class. Growth of large pines, whose density increased slightly, declined more than that of small pines, whose density almost tripled. I argued that competition for resources reduced growth rates of large trees more than those of small trees. Geostatistical analyses showed that, from 1920 to 1990, stem size was spatially autocorrelated over distances no greater than 30 m, a measure of average patch diameter. Tree density increased by increasing the number of pine groups rather than their horizontal dimension. Increased tree crowding corresponded to lower average, variance, and spatial dependence of individual growth rates. Since growth variation was less related to inter-tree distance at higher tree densities, density-dependent limitation of tree growth did not necessarily correspond to distance-dependent growth rates. No significant trend from 1910 to 1990 was found in climatic variables computed from daily meteorological records. Dendroclimatic analyses showed that climate-tree growth relations had not significantly changed over the twentieth century. Annual growth of both large and small pines was positively related to winter snowfall and to July monsoon rainfall. Periodic basal area increment obtained from dendrochronological data revealed that forest inventories over-estimated growth rates, especially for small pines. On the other hand, tree-ring chronologies developed using different standardization options showed different temporal trends. Repeated forest inventories quantified growth of individual trees and of the entire stand, but integrated bark and wood increment. Dendrochronological data had superior temporal resolution and accuracy, but their limited spatial coverage hindered representation of growth trends for the entire stand.

}, keywords = {Paleoecology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=740900561\&sid=29\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Biondi, Franco} } @mastersthesis {727, title = {An Application of Climatological Water Balance Modeling to Dendroclimatology in the Black Hills of South Dakota}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1993}, pages = {138}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Tree-ring data from bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were used to investigate the relationship between annual ring width and soil moisture in the Black Hills area of western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming. Soil moisture values were developed from a water balance model (SNWBAL), using climate data from weather stations in the area.

The response between the tree-ring chronologies and climate and water-balance variables shows a strong relation between annual ring growth and precipitation and soil moisture. The best variable combinations for reconstructing the local drought history were identified from this analysis.

Several statistical approaches were used to check the internal consistency of the data and to determine the relationship between the various data sets.

A scenario for further study, especially for the reconstruction of past climate variables was drawn based on the results of response analysis.

}, author = {Wanmei Ni} } @book {876, title = {A Directory of Tree-Ring Dated Native American Sites in the American Southwest}, year = {1993}, month = {09/1993}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {apache, Archaeology, dating, dendrochronology, directory, Geography, native american, navajo, Pueblo, quandrangle, site, southwest, tree ring, ute}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Ronald H. Towner} } @mastersthesis {734, title = {Navajo space use under conditions of increasing sedentism}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1993}, school = {University of New Mexico}, url = {no copy on file in LTRR}, author = {Dana Oswald} } @mastersthesis {907, title = {Holzanatomische Untersuchungen zur Rekonstruktion der Feuergeschichte eines Bestandes von Pinus ponderosa Laws. in den Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona}, year = {1992}, note = {

Please contact the Laboratory of Tree Ring Research to view this collection.

}, month = {05/1992}, school = {Universitat Freiburg}, keywords = {Arizona, german, ponderosa pine, santa rita, santa rita mountains}, author = {Wolfgang Ortloff} } @mastersthesis {665, title = {The Russian Molokan Colony at Guadalupe, Baja California: Continuity and change in a sectarian community}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1992}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Migration, ethnicity and cultural pattern are reviewed. The research questions how accurately the prehistoric archaeologist can interpret migration and ethnicity by means of a review of the modern migration of a group of Russian sectarians to Baja California, Mexico. Excavations undertaken in seven households at different levels of assimilation with their Mexican and Indian neighbors suggests that material culture does reflect ethnicity under these best of all archaeological circumstances. A methodology for the determination of prehistoric migrations is suggested. It concludes that "cultural pattern" is a more useful concept than "ethnicity" in the determination of archaeological migrations.}, keywords = {Mexico}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=746278161\&sid=4\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Therese Muranaka} } @mastersthesis {666, title = {Spatio-temporal characteristics of drought as inferred from tree-ring data in Morocco}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1992}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Long-term tree-ring series of Cedrus atlantica have been utilized to reconstruct and characterize past drought occurrences in Morocco. Based on the close relationship between tree growth and rainfall variations, the best tree-ring indicator of drought has been found to be, x$\sb0 = \mu$ $-$.75$\sigma,$ with $\mu$ and $\sigma$ the mean and standard deviation of the tree-ring series. In Morocco, drought is a short event lasting 1.7 years on average with 84\% of the events lasting less than 2 years. The average maximum duration exceeds 4 years. It is associated with a 40\% deficit about normal moisture availability which can add up to more than 125\% when the anomalies persist. The average empirical recurrence interval of drought is 8 years. Long-term persistence has been characterized by the Hurst coefficient. Over the domain of study, the mean Hurst coefficient is.765. The tree-ring series show a periodic behavior with two major peaks at 22 and 66 years. Drought characteristics have been extended from the tree-ring sites to other regions such as the agricultural plains using geostatistical methods. The drought prone areas are located in central Morocco, including the Sais, the Gharb and central Middle Atlas, which experience longer, more severe and more persistent droughts. The northern latitudes experience milder and shorter drought events. The cost for spatial extension of the results was greater kriging errors which make the estimates less reliable. However, cokriging significantly improved the reliability and the quality of the estimates. A regionalization, using cluster analysis, was found to follow the natural climatic and orographic zones of north central Morocco. The tree-ring data were used to reconstruct spatial patterns of moisture anomalies for the period 1845-1974. Three atmospheric factors appear to be important: (1) the relative strength and position of the Azores High, (2) the importance and location of the local cyclogenesis centers, (3) the importance of the northeastern perturbations coming from the Mediterranean sea. The periods 1860-1890, 1925-1950 and the 1970{\textquoteright}s are associated with dry anomalies while the periods 1900-1920 and 1950-1970 are associated with wet anomalies. They exhibit a rhythmic succession with a 20-year periodicity. }, keywords = {Cedrus atlantica}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=747430801\&sid=6\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Nabil Chbouki} } @mastersthesis {563, title = {Statistical Relationships Between Tree Growth and Climate in Western North America}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1992}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

The objective of this study is to examine large-scale spatial patterns of tree growth and climatic variation and to investigate the possible role of climate in determining tree growth patterns over space. This study represents one of the first uses of geostatistical methods to extract information about the spatial variation of climate from tree rings in western North America. It is also one of the first uses of data in spatial series to study the relationships of spatial variations between climate and tree growth. Geostatistics analyzes the spatial structure of the variables by assuming that adjoining data are correlated with each other over space and that the particular relationship expressing the extent of spatial correlation can be analytically and statistically captured in a function. It is applied to both June Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and ring-width index data from western North America. One basic assumption of applying geostatistics in this study is that the spatially uncorrelated small-scale variations are insignificant and represent background noise in large-scale dendroclimatic studies. The statistical relationships between the spatial variations of June PDSI and ring-width index are studied by simple scatter diagrams and correlation analysis. This is done in terms of yearly variations and variations of spatial patterns. Both of them support the contention that the large-scale spatial variations in ring-width index data can be used to infer the spatial variations of climate variables. Based upon the results of this research it can be concluded that geostatistics is a viable method to characterize the spatially correlated variations in dendroclimatology. By applying geostatistics to data sets, information about the spatial variations of climate contained in tree-ring data are enhanced, and the large-scale variations of climate are emphasized. The analysis of yearly relationships over space is particularly useful for identifying statistical relationships between climate and tree growth in a geographic region. The main factors of climate controlling ring-width index are identified as well as the less frequent limiting events. Once the statistical relationships are validated, they can be used to infer the spatial variations of past climate from variations in tree-ring index.

}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=746968761\&sid=9\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Shao, Xuemei} } @mastersthesis {728, title = {Age structure and fire disturbance in the southern Sierra Nevada subalpine forest}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1991}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {I used age structure to examine the role of fire disturbance and climate on the population dynamics of the subalpine forest in the southern Sierra Nevada. I cored trees on ten 0.1 ha plots (3300-3400 m elevation) that varied in species composition, from single-species foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana) or lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta, var. murrayana), to mixed-species stands of both pines. Crossdating was used to produce accurate dates of tree recruitment and fire events. Age structure varied by plot species composition: lodgepole pine recruitment pattern is pulsed, sometimes forming single-cohort patches in response to fire; foxtail pine plots have a more steady pattern of recruitment; mixed-species plots show an intermediate recruitment pattern. Fire may maintain a species composition mosaic in the subalpine forest. Foxtail pine regeneration may increase in areas opened by fire, although not immediately following fire. Low-intensity fire may spread over areas larger than previously reported under certain conditions in the subalpine zone. In addition, unusually frequent, extreme, and/or extended periods of drought may severely limit subalpine tree regeneration. Growing season frost events and grazing before 1900 may also have affected trees establishing in the subalpine zone.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=747829851\&sid=7\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {MaryBeth Keifer} } @mastersthesis {526, title = {Agroclimate, Harvest Variability, and Agricultural Strategies on Prehistoric Black Mesa, Northeasthern Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1991}, school = {Indiana University}, author = {Lebo, Cathy J.} } @mastersthesis {459, title = {Dendrochronology and Fire History in a Stand of Northern California Coast Redwood}, volume = {MS}, year = {1991}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Fire-scarred cross-sections from coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) at two sites were dendrochronologically dated and used to develop a fire history. Redwood offers a challenge for dendrochronological study due to ring wedging and complacency. Crossdating was successful in 12 of 24 trees. The fire history was developed by comparison of fire scars and fire-associated ring characteristics (resin ducts, double latewood, growth releases, and ring separations) recorded in ring series. Using only dates of fire scars from the first fire in 1714 to the last in 1962, the mean fire interval (MFI) was 9.9 years. MFI for the best represented presettlement segment 1714-1881 was 8.0 years. Using all fire-associate ring features, MFI 1714-1962 was 7.0 years and 1714-1881, 6.0 years. Use of all fire-associated ring characteristics is argued to be a more accurate representation of past fire frequency. MFIs determined are less than others reported for coast redwood and suggest fire frequency in redwood may have been underestimated in past studies.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=7747786571\&sid=1\&Fmt=2\&clientld=43922\&RQT=309\&Vname=PDQ}, author = {Brown, Peter Mark} } @book {882, title = {A Directory of Tree-Ring Dated Prehistoric Sites in the American Southwest}, year = {1991}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, dendrochrononology, directory, native american, Prehistoric, quadrangle series, site, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Catherine M. Cameron} } @mastersthesis {523, title = {The Dynamics and Disturbance Regimes of Fitzroya cupressoides Forests in the South-Central Andes of Chile}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1991}, school = {University of Chile}, author = {Lara, Antonio} } @mastersthesis {690, title = {Effects of coppice thinning on growth and yield of Emory oak sprouts in southeastern Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1991}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Emory oak (Quercus Emoryi) is a dominant tree species in San Rafael Valley in southeastern Arizona. However, basic information about the effects of coppice thinning on the growth and yield of this species is lacking. Thus, objectives of the study were to measure the effects of coppice thinning on Emory oak survivor growth, ingrowth, and mortality, which are the basic components of a growth budget. This study determined gross growth, net growth, and yield estimates. In addition, this study evaluated the mean annual growth (MAG) values in relation to the biological rotation age of Emory oak in southeastern Arizona. Coppice thinning treatments were applied to sprouts of different ages. Height and diameter at root collar measurements were taken immediately after thinning and again 5 years later. Sprouts were classified into 5 age groups, 4 stump diameters, and 3 level of coppice thinnings and an unthinned control. The interactions of these treatments and their effect on growth and yield were analyzed. Stump diameters did not significantly affect the growth components, growth estimates, or yield estimates. The number of residual sprouts significantly affected the growth components, growth estimates, and yield estimates. Survivor growth, gross growth, net growth, and yield were lowest for 1 residual sprout, except for net growth of 8-year-old sprouts. There were no significant differences in net growth between the different coppice thinning treatments. At age 8-year-old sprouts, the mean annual growth of individual sprouts increased as the number of residual sprouts per stump reduced. Based on this relationship, it is recommended that 1 residual sprout be left when thinning sprouts. Age of sprouts significantly affected growth. There was an increase in the mortality of the control sprouts in the 6th year. Based on those results, it is recommended that thinning be conducted in the 5th year of the sprout{\textquoteright}s growth. Proper timing of thinning can reduce the rotation age of Emory oak sprouts, if the rotation is based on achievement of a specified diameter. To draw firm conclusions about the effects of thinning on shortening the rotation age, the study measurement needs to be continued into the future. }, keywords = {Quercus emoryi}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=745176541\&sid=2\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Ramzi Touchan} } @mastersthesis {692, title = {Rethinking methods and paradigms of ceramic chronology}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1991}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Methods of ceramic chronology building are based on certain assumptions concerning the pattern of stylistic change in ceramics. These assumptions are, however, not necessarily identical in different methods. Also, the general applicability of the assumptions in each method is not endorsed by solid empirical observations of stylistic change in ceramics and theoretical considerations concerning processes producing stylistic change in ceramics. The inapplicability of assumptions of a method undermines the reliability of ceramic chronology created by the method. In order to evaluate the reliability of existing ceramic chronologies, (1) theoretical considerations were made concerning processes producing stylistic change in ceramics and (2) empirical observations were made concerning aspects of stylistic change in ceramics in a well-controlled archaeological setting, i.e., stylistic change of Tusayan White and Gray Wares in the American Southwest between A.D. 850 and 1150 where tree-ring dating is available as an independent means of temporal control. As a result, it was revealed that (1) substantial temporal overlap can be present in the manufacture of successive styles of ceramics, (2) continuity criteria of the typological method are not necessarily applicable to stylistic change in ceramics even in a continuous population, and (3) significantly large time lags can be present in the diffusion of manufacturing frequencies of styles even within an area in which the styles are shared. In light of these findings, the typological method cannot be accepted as a method of ceramic chronology building. Occurrence and frequency seriations are, on the other hand, acceptable methods. However, for reliable chronological seriation attention must be paid to potential errors caused by contemporaneous variation of stylistic compositions among assemblages due to time lags in diffusion and variation in generational composition of individuals who produced assemblages. }, keywords = {Anasazi, Tusayan}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=744130961\&sid=3\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Yasushi Kojo} } @mastersthesis {546, title = {Development of Anatomical Tree-Ring Chonologies from Southern Arizona Conifers using Image Analysis}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1990}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Climatic influences on the anatomical features of the last-formed latewood tracheids of southern Arizona conifers were examined using video image analysis. Video image analysis was shown to be a feasible method to obtain tracheid dimensions from tree rings. It also proved to be a precise method for measuring tree-ring density as a relative quantity (the lumen area percent, LUM\%). Two cores from each of five ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) were analyzed to obtain chronologies of radial and tangential diameter, lumen, cell wall and total areas, and LUM\% in a range of 87-276 years. A fast and reliable sample preparation techniques using a sliding microtome was used to obtain microsections for the image analysis. Missing values for absent rings were estimated using stepwise regression with other non-missing series. Because no obvious biological trends were found for the mature periods, mean line fits were used for the standardization after removing the juvenile portions. Due to the large variabilities within and between trees, the anatomical chronologies possessed much weaker common signals than the ring-width or density chronologies. This indicated that a large number of cores per tree or trees per site should be taken to compensate for the biological heterogeneity in wood structure. The year-to-year variations in the anatomical chronologies were diverse, and autocorrelations were relatively high. Response function analyses revealed that most anatomical chronologies possessed a higher association with climatic variations than the ring-width or density chronologies. Reduced moisture stress during the early growing season, and high precipitation for the late growing season, induced high radial enlargement, consequently, greater tracheid area of the last-formed latewoods. The influence of climate on the tangential enlargement was inconsistent. Cell wall thickening was enhanced first by high precipitation for the prior growing season, then by low temperature for the growing season and by high October temperature. The effects of the cell enlargement were mixed with the effects of cell wall thickening in the lumen area \% or maximum latewood density variation.}, keywords = {Watershed Management}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=744327611\&sid=2\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Park, Wonkyu} } @article {1332, title = {Discovering the future, creating the past: some reflections on restoration}, journal = {Ecological Restoration}, volume = {8}, year = {1990}, pages = {71{\textendash}72}, author = {Falk, Donald Albert} } @mastersthesis {729, title = {Forest structure and succession over a ten year period in six undisturbed South Florida plant communities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1990}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Data were collected on woody vegetation for 10 years in 6 undisturbed plant communities including slash pine forest, wet prairie, hardwood hammock, edge and interior old-growth cypress forests, and freshwater marsh at National Audubon Society{\textquoteright}s Corkscrew Swamp Sancturary in South Florida. Forested communities all showed a trend toward greater successional maturity. Numbers and total basal areas generally decreased over the 10 year period for early successional species and tropical species affected by the 1982 freeze in hammock and edge cypress communities. Otherwise, total basal areas steadily increased for all species in the forested communities. Initially the slash pine forest contained only canopy pine, but hardwoods entered the sites 3-4 years after fire and continued to increase in number throughout the study. Woody vegetation in the two marsh communities were less stable, partially due to fire. Fire and hydrologic conditions had measureable impacts on community structure and growth patterns.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=747620471\&sid=8\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Jean McCollom} } @mastersthesis {581, title = {Influence of Water Balance on the Caatinga Stand in the Semi-Arid Interior, Northeast Brazil}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1990}, school = {University of Tsukuba}, author = {Tsuchiya, Akio} } @mastersthesis {695, title = {Modeling prehistoric climatic variability and agricultural production in southwestern Colorado: A GIS approach}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1990}, school = {Washington State University}, abstract = {A model with high temporal and spatial resolution has been developed for a 1816 km$\sp2$ area of southwestern Colorado to examine the potential effects of past climatic variation on dryland maize agriculture and sustainable population during the late Mesa Verde Anasazi occupation of the area (A.D. 901-1300). The data generated by the model are used to evaluate a question of long standing in the Northern Southwest: whether climatic variability was severe enough to disrupt agriculture and promote the abandonment of the Northern San Juan Region toward the end of the 13th century. The model incorporates techniques and data sets that have not been used together before. Long regional dendroclimatic records are used to retrodict 1070 years (A.D. 901-1970) of June Palmer Drought Severity Indices (PDSI)--measures of stored soil moisture--for area-specific soils. Reconstructed PDSIs are reexpressed in terms of their local equivalent in potential maize yield. The integration, quantification, and visual display of these productivity values are coordinated through geographic information systems (GIS) technology. The method results in the production of (1) annual maps depicting the variable character of the potential agricultural environment and (2) annual values for total maize productivity, which can be translated into the population size and density that can be potentially supported on that yield. From these, multiple year estimates of a sustainable population or carrying capacity are made. The results indicate that there was always enough productive land somewhere in the study area to support thousands of persons (e.g., 31,363 persons or 21 persons/km$\sp2$ minimum in the 1470.36 km$\sp2$ study area over the 400-year period), even in the documented dry times of the middle 12th and late 13th centuries. It would seem, therefore, that climatic variability was never so extreme in the Mesa Verde area that decreased agricultural production can be cited as the sole or even primary cause of the 13th century depopulation of the region. }, keywords = {Anasazi}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=747133751\&sid=7\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Carla Van West} } @mastersthesis {568, title = {The Tree-Ring Record of False Spring in the Southcentral USA}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1990}, school = {Arizona State University}, abstract = {Frost injuries are common in the annual rings of deciduous oaks of the southcentral United States, and can be identified microscopically by unique anatomical criteria. A chronology of 70 frost ring years between 1650 and 1980 has been developed from 42 collection sites in the Southern Plains. False spring conditions cause frost rings in oaks, and include both an abnormally warm winter and the subsequent severe freeze in spring (temperatures must fall to <= 23 {\textdegree}F or -5 {\textdegree}C). Major circulation changes over North America often occur from the warm to cold phase of false spring. An upper level trough over Southern California and surface high over the Southeast favor warm air advection into the Southern Plains during the warm phase. This pattern is usually replaced by a deep upper level trough over the central USA and a strong surface ridge often extending from Canada to Mexico during the cold phase. The resulting cold air advection often causes heavy damage to crops and native vegetation which are prematurely advanced by the preceding mild weather. These false spring episodes include both climatological and meteorological signals, and the consistent registration of specific weather conditions by frost rings establishes the feasibility of {\textquotedblleft}dendrometeorology{\textquotedblright}. Frost rings in oaks often form during La Nina events, and may reflect a tropical influence on both above and below average winter temperatures in the Southern Plains and Canada, respectively. Warm winters in the Southern Plains favor premature growth, and cold Canadian winters may help explain the severity of the late cold wave which terminates false spring. False spring occurrence has been nonrandom over the past 331 years, and the many one- and three-year intervals between events may partially reflect La Nina forcing. In contrast, an El Nino influence on the formation of bristlecone pine frost rings and light rings in Canadian black spruce has been detected in previously published chronologies. The co-occurrence of oak frost in spring followed by light rings in summer often reflects an enhanced La Nina-El Nino cycle. An amplified El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may be suggested by the four such co-occurrences from 1814 to 1819, which could help explain many ambiguities in the worldwide temperature response to the cataclysmic eruption of Tambora in 1815.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=744592481\&sid=13\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Stahle, David W.} } @mastersthesis {905, title = {A Dendrochronological Study of the Great Salt Lake Basin}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1989}, note = {

Please contact the Laboratory of Tree Ring Research to view this thesis.

}, month = {03/1989}, pages = {77}, school = {University of Utah}, address = {Salt Lake City}, abstract = {

To date, no tree-ring chronologies have been generated for the Great Salt Lake basin. There is evidence of a winter air mass boundary across this area. Since the region receives a precipitation maximum in the winter and spring, information about boundary location variability would be useful. Tree-ring widths may be related to climatic variables and provide a record of past climate.

Four tree-ring chronologies in the four corners of the Great Salt Lake basin were generated using standard dendrochronological techniques. Precipitation and temperature data for the area were regionalized and tree-ring indices were correlated with regional temperature seasons and with precipitation regions and seasons. The chronologies were factor analyzed for the period of common growth, 1593-1985, and broken down into seven overlapping one hundred-year periods.

During the period for which there are weather records, tree growth in the northwest site was correlated with temperature variables, while in the other three sites, tree growth was mostly correlated with precipitation. The results of the factor analysis of the chronologies for the seven time periods were consistent with the correlation results. The results also indicate a similar pattern of variation of growth for the time periods of 1593-1650 and 1825-1940.

The four Great Basin chronology sites are located in a unique region and may be used to learn about climatic variability in this area.

}, keywords = {climatic variability, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, Geography, great salt lake basin, indices, precipitation, salt lake, temperature, tree ring}, author = {Connie Woodhouse} } @mastersthesis {572, title = {The Effect of Prescribed Burning on Southwest Ponderosa Pine Growth}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1989}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Study objectives included determining whether prescribed burning affected ponderosa pine growth; mathematically modeling the growth response to burning; and determining whether forest management history affected growth response. I sampled 188 trees from two areas near Flagstaff, Arizona; one area (Brannigan Flat) had been logged and thinned, and the other (Chimney Spring) had not; both were burned in 1976. Within each study area, control and burned plots were of similar age, vigor, height, and competition index. Trees at Chimney Spring were older, less vigorous, and taller, and had a higher competition index than at Brannigan. For each tree, periodic basal area increment (PBAI) was calculated for the years 1974-1984. To determine which variable would best model growth, postfire PBAI (individual years, 1977-1984) was correlated with previous growth (average PBAI 1974-1976); crown ratio; competition index; thinning index; and diameter. Two models of growth response were developed; one oriented toward satisfying theoretical and research goals, and the other, toward management applications. Growth was modeled using stepwise multiple linear regression, and the dependent variable was postfire PBAI. Research Model independent variables were previous growth, years (climate), and treatment-year interaction, and 72\% of total variance was explained. Fire affected growth significantly and negatively for two years, and then burned trees grew similarly to control trees. Management Model independent variables were crown ratio, competition index, crown ratio, subject tree diameter, year, and treatment, and 52\% of total variance was explained. This model, too, indicated a slight negative effect of burning on growth. Management history was not a significant determinant of growth response. Both models validated well; the ratio of observed-to-predicted residual mean square was 1.04 and 0.91 (Research and Management Models, respectively). Thinning index was not significantly related to postfire growth, but a change in carbohydrate allocation from stem wood to crown and root expansion could have resulted in observed burning effects. Management implications include (1) short-term growth decline may result from burning, (2) management history did not affect growth response, and (3) burning impact is greatest in dense stands of small trees.}, keywords = {Watershed Management}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=746080281\&sid=4\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Sutherland, Elaine Kennedy} } @mastersthesis {699, title = {{\textquoteright}One grand history{\textquoteright}: A critical review of Flagstaff archaeology, 1851 to 1988}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1988}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The history of archaeological research in the Flagstaff area since 1851 is reviewed. The thesis of this study is that critical analysis of archaeological history can yield significant insights into both the process and the products of archaeological research. These insights in turn may lead to conclusions about the general nature of intellectual disputes and transitions in archaeology, and the validity of particular reconstructions and explanations of prehistoric behavior. The history of archaeological research in the Flagstaff area is broken into nine major divisions, each of which is separated by a significant intellectual or institutional transition. Particular attention is devoted to historical analysis of the period immediately before World War II, when the fundamental concepts and methods of Flagstaff archaeology were developed by Harold Colton and his associates at the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA). These developments took place during a remarkably prolific period of archaeological investigation designed to disclose a prehistoric sequence of occupation conceived by MNA workers as "one grand history" of the Hopi people. It is argued, on the basis of the historical review, that Flagstaff archaeology, in its specific examples, indeed reveals much about the nature of intellectual disputes and transitions in American archaeology, and demonstrates that knowledge of the prehistoric past can indeed be cumulative. The study concludes with specific recommendations for improving such knowledge in the Flagstaff area, particularly for the issues of chronology and ceramic taxonomy.}, keywords = {Arizona, Hopi}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=746060461\&sid=13\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Christian Downum} } @mastersthesis {553, title = {A Quantitative Analysis of a Physically Based Predictive Model of Sediment Yield for Small Mountainous Watersheds in Southern California}, volume = {MA}, year = {1988}, school = {University of California}, author = {Rees, Kathleen Anne} } @mastersthesis {520, title = {Radial Growth Patterns of Tree Species in Relation t Environmental Factors}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1988}, school = {Yale University}, abstract = {To develop a more sensitive model of tree diameter growth, this study compared time series of annual ring increments with a selection of measured and derived environmental variables. The more commonly used monthly climatic variables (e.g., temperature, precipitation) do not adequately explain the year-to-year variations in tree growth, especially in view of current interests in partitioning the role of atmospheric pollutants in reducing tree growth in the northeastern U.S. Daily mean temperature and predicted daily soil moisture content for the last 29 years were used as the basis for the environmental variables used to {\textquotedblleft}explain{\textquotedblright} the growth of four species of northern hardwoods: white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton). Daily soil moisture content was estimated using the BROOK hydrologic model as calibrated by a subset of actual measured soil moisture data for the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. The general patterns of tree growth were analyzed and annual growth of each species was evaluated by applying an autoregression model (lag 1) to linearly detrended index series derived from the ring-increment measurements. After changing patterns of the environmental factors were described, new variables were quantified on the basis of a newly proposed tree growth period. The relationships between tree growth fluctuation and the environmental factors were analyzed by applying the correlation analysis, simple linear regression analysis, factor analysis, and principal component analysis. Generally, the species showed diverse growth responses under similar environmental conditions and some stress related variables significantly explained tree growth fluctuation either positively or negatively. In addition, environmental conditions of late summer of the previous year were important in determining tree growth of the current year. Highly variable soil moisture regime seems to be more responsible for the diversity in growth responses of the species than temperature regime. The multivariate analysis permitted a description of the environmental responses of the four tree species, thus aiding a comparative analysis of how ecological niches of the trees differ. Use of biologically relevant environmental variables in dendroecological studies should both permit a better understanding of natural controls on tree growth, and also increase the sensitivity of our current techniques to evaluate anthropogenic stress in natural ecosystems.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=745587501\&sid=3\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Kim, Eunshik} } @mastersthesis {505, title = {Tree Rings of Shortleaf Pine (Pinus Echinata Mill.) As Indicators of Past Climatic Variability in North Central Georgia}, volume = {MA}, year = {1988}, school = {University of Georgia}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ring widths of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and various climatic factors. The growth series obtained from increment cores of twenty-two pine over 100 years of age were standardized by two separate methods, polynomial curve-fitting techniques and Box-Jenkins time series (ARMA) models, to compare and contrast the two master chronologies that were derived. Descriptive statistics indicated that residual autocorrelation was insignificant in the ARMA chronology, which also exhibited a higher mean sensitivity and standard deviation than did the chronology obtained with the polynomial option. Response function analysis indicated significant (p < 0.05) positive responses to precipitation in May and June of the current growing season, and significant negative responses to current June-September temperatures. Transfer function models using indices of the ARMA tree-ring chronology as the predictor variables were able to reconstruct June PDSI (r$\sbsp{\rm a}{2}$ = 0.26). September PHDI (r$\sbsp{\rm a}{2}$ = 0.38), DISP (Drought Index for Southern Pine) (r$\sbsp{\rm a}{2}$ = 0.27), and the May-September growing season precipitation total (r$\sbsp{\rm a}{2}$ = 0.39) to 1816.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=754453701\&sid=2\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Grissino-Mayer, Henri Dee} } @article {922, title = {Tree-Ring Studies of the Pueblo de Acoma: A Preliminary Report Supplement No. 1}, year = {1988}, month = {01/1988}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

A second collection trip was made to the Pueblo de Acoma the week of October 12, 1987. The crew consisted of the author and Jeffrey S. Dean, both from the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research.

The purpose of the trip was to complete those units in Area H that had been bypassed in April 1987. However, since the expected HUD funding had not yet been received, the Restoration Project was not active and the Area H units were still unavailable. As a consequence, only a single unit was cored in Area H with the remainder of the work done in Area F and Area C.

In addition, we had the opportunity to survey Cebolleta Mesa and adjacent areas for living trees, particularly pinyon (Pinus edulis), that might be old enough to overlap with the beams cut in the mid 1600s. This of course would mean trees of an age class of 350 \– 400 years; not impossible for pinyon, but relatively rare. We located two sites, one near Indian Lake on Cebolleta Mesa and one at Mesa Negra Spring at the western edge of the reservation. Both sites should be tested for tree age to determine if full coring is warranted.

For both these activities, coring at Sky City and reconnaissance, we were accompanied by Marvin C. Garcia and Dwight Lucario. Our accomplishments are due in large part to their helpfulness and good humor.

}, keywords = {anthropology, dendrochronology, new mexico, pueblo de acoma, rehabilitation, sky city, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J.} } @article {923, title = {Tree-Ring Studies of the Pueblo de Acoma: A Preliminary Report Supplement No. 2}, year = {1988}, month = {08/1988}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

Two final collection trips were made to the Pueblo de Acoma the week of May 15, 1988 and the week of July 19, 1988. The crew again consisted of the author and Jeffrey S. Dean, both from the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research.

Once again the purpose of the trips was to complete work in Area H that had been bypassed on previous visits. This work was in fact completed during the second trip, but the May trip was diverted to work in Area A and Area B because Area H was not yet cleared of household goods. We were fortunate during the May visit to locate a number of structures, uninvolved with the Restoration Project, whose owners gave us permission to core.

A considerable amount of time on both trips was spent comparing the plans of the Restoration Project with the plans drawn by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1934 (Nabokov 1986; see reference in the initial report). As a result, a concordance of the numbering systems was developed (Table 2) to serve as a measure of architectural chance between 1934 and 1988. One unit could not be identified with any certainty and the units in Area F are less than certain. All others are, however, clearly cross referenced.

}, keywords = {anthropology, dendrochronology, new mexico, pueblo de acoma, rehabilitation, sky city, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J.} } @mastersthesis {574, title = {A Dendrochronological Assessment of Western Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura Occidentalis Freeman, in the Southern Rocky Mountains}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1987}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Tree-ring chronologies from ten mixed conifer stands in the Colorado Front Ranges and New Mexico Sangre de Cristo Mountains were used to reconstruct timing, duration, and radial growth impacts of past outbreaks of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman. Graphical and statistical comparisons of tree-ring chronologies from host and non-host tree species, in conjunction with Forest Service records of outbreaks during the twentieth century, revealed that outbreaks were identifiable only in the host chronologies as sharply reduced growth periods. These comparisons also showed that host and non-host tree-ring chronologies were generally similar between outbreaks and that both were responding in a similar manner to climatic variation. A study of defoliation and insect population data that was available for the New Mexico stands demonstrated that host radial growth from 1978 to 1983 was highly correlated with budworm activity. The non-host chronologies from each stand were used to correct the host chronologies for climatic and other non-budworm environmental variations by a differencing procedure. The corrected chronologies were then used to estimate the dates and radial growth effects of past budworm outbreaks. Tree-ring characteristics of twentieth century documented outbreaks were used as criteria for inferring the occurrence of outbreaks in previous centuries. At least nine periods of increased budworm activity were identified in the region from 1700 to 1983. The mean duration of reduced growth periods caused by known and inferred budworm outbreaks was 12.6 years, and the mean interval between initial years of successive outbreaks was 34.9 years. The mean maximum radial growth loss was 50 percent of expected growth, and the mean periodic growth loss was 21.6 percent. There was an unusually long period of reduced budworm activity in the first few decades of the twentieth century, and since that time outbreaks have been markedly more synchronous between stands. Increased synchroneity of outbreaks in the latter half of the twentieth century suggests that areal extent of outbreaks has increased. This phenomenon may be due to changes in the age structure and species composition of forests following harvesting and fire suppression in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

}, keywords = {Watershed Management}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=753027921\&sid=16\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Swetnam, T.} } @mastersthesis {560, title = {The Feasibility of Using Tree-Ring Chronologies to Reconstruct Streamflow Records for the Pemigewasset River, New Hampshire}, volume = {MS}, year = {1987}, school = {University of New Hampshire}, keywords = {Hydrology}, author = {Schrager, Gene} } @mastersthesis {450, title = {Influence of Gambel Oak on Radial Growth of Southwestn Ponderosa Pine: A Dendrochronological Study}, volume = {MS}, year = {1987}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Gambel oak influence on diameter increment of young-growth ponderosa pines was evaluated by intensively sampling three pine-oak stands on the Beaver Creek Watershed in north-central Arizona. Sampled stands had homogeneous climate, topography, soil parent material, vegetation structure and soil type. Increment cores were collected from five dominant pines on 34 randomly selected study plots. As revealed by dendrochronological techniques, radial growth of sampled pines had fluctuated around a relatively constant level during the last 50 years (1936-85). Differences in this level among stands were related to differences in competition, oak presence, pine age and site index. Pine diameter growth increased with increasing Gambel oak presence and with decreasing intraspecific competition.

}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=754449011\&sid=5\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Biondi, Franco} } @mastersthesis {906, title = {Potential for Use of Cottonwoods in Dendrogeomorphology and Paleohydrology}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1987}, pages = {52}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Fremont cottonwoods contain valuable environmental information that can be used to augment knowledge of fluvial systems. Cottonwoods have not been commonly used in dendrochronological studies because of difficulty in determining ring boundaries, uncertainty if growth rings are annual, as well as doubt whether riparian species cross-date. A new method of sample examination utilizing transmitted light permits clear view of ring boundaries, and resampling techniques suggest that the growth rings are annual. The cottonwoods studied are growing along Twentyfive Mile Wash and Harris Wash, both tributaries of the Escalante River in south-central Utah. Cross-dating was found among most of the cottonwood cores, except those from Harris Wash, which were approximately dated by ring counts. After application of rigorous dendrochronological methods, ring counts were deemed to be sufficient to estimate ages of cottonwoods, as the cores contain no missing rings and few false rings. Careful ring counts would accurately estimate the age of these trees to within 1 to 2\%. The cottonwoods studied are partially buried by 2 to 4 m of terrace sediments. Dating of the trees provides a minimum age for the terraces of 130 to 227 years. Lack of cross-dating between the cottonwoods and nearby arid-site ponderosa pines indicates that these species respond to different environmental or climatic factors. The ponderosas are limited by lack of moisture, while correlation analysis suggests that the cottonwoods are limited by excess moisture. Soil saturation often causes a decrease in growth due to insufficient oxygen available to the roots. However, in years with very little precipitation, cottonwood growth appears to be limited by lack of moisture, and in these particular years a small ring occurs in the cottonwood series as well as in the ponderosa series. Growth suppressions in the cottonwoods correlate either with known floods on the Escalante or Paria Rivers, or with droughts. If the suppression is due to drought, a corresponding small ring occurs in the ponderosas. Timing of paleofloods can be interfered from suppressions in the early portion of the cottonwood chronology. Rates of alleviation were estimated at 0.9 to 3.0 cm/yr by dividing the amount of sediment above the basal root flare of the trees by the age of the trees. All of these methods would be especially useful in dendrogeomorphological studies on ungaged watersheds, before periods of record, or in watersheds where cottonwoods are the only tree species available.

}, keywords = {cottonwood, dendrochronology, dendrogeomorphology, escalante, fluvial system, fremont, harris wash, paleoflood, paleohydrology, paria, ponderosa pine, terrace sediment, tree ring, twenty five mile wash, utah}, author = {Clark, Susanmarie} } @article {920, title = {Tree-Ring Studies of the Pueblo de Acoma: A Preliminary Report}, year = {1987}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

In the spring of 1986, the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research was contacted by the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico regarding participation in archaeological clearance of the Pueblo de Acoma (Sky City) Rehabilitation Project. This project, funded by a Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Community Development Block Grant, had been ongoing since 1982 but only recently had considered compliance with the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Section 106).

A meeting and field inspection was held at Acoma in September 1987 with representatives of the Sky City Rehabilitation Project (Vallo), the Museum of New Mexico (Ware, Adams, Ladd), and the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research (Robinson, Dean). This meeting resulted in, among other things, a commitment from the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research to participate in the archaeological clearance and to seek its own funds to do so. As a consequence, a proposal and a budget covering the field work was submitted to a local Tucson foundation and funding was obtained. In the meantime, the Museum of New Mexico continued to work with the Pueblo de Acoma and HUD in developing an application for a new Block Grant.

A second meeting was held at Acoma in January 1987 to discuss implementation of the cooperative agreement. In addition to the previous representatives, the Rehabilitation Project consulting architect (McHenry) and the Bureau of Indian Affairs archaeologist (Harrill) were present. Specific clearance of Area H was discussed and it was agreed that the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research project should be implemented in advance of construction and that some sampling in Area C would be possible in late April 1987.

A final meeting was held in the council chambers of the Pueblo de Acoma on April 21, 1987 with homeowners in Area H whose houses were targeted for rehabilitation in 1987. In addition, the meeting was attended by First Lt. Governor Ray Histia, Mr. Greg Histia of the Acoma Development Authority, Mr. Dennis Vallo and Mr. Marvin Garcia of the Rehabilitation Project, and Dr. John Ware and Mr. Tom Livesly of the Museum of New Mexico as well as the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research crew. Discussions were held regarding scheduling and coordination of the Laboratory\’s work and the concerns of the homeowners. Many homeowners asked questions about how vigas were sampled, how much time it would take, and whether any disturbance would occur. At the conclusion, all homeowners expressed satisfaction and real interest in the project.

}, keywords = {anthropology, dendrochronology, new mexico, pueblo de acoma, rehabilitation, sky city, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J.} } @mastersthesis {509, title = {Dendrochronology of F. sylvatica, P. uncinata, P. sylvestris in Catalunya}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Barcelona}, author = {Gutierrez, Emilia} } @mastersthesis {544, title = {The Implications of Atmospheric Pollen Rain for Fossil Pollen Profiles in the Arid Southwest}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {I compared atmospheric and soil pollen values to determine taphonomic influences on pollen in Southwestern soils. Burkard traps sampled atmospheric pollen for six years from multiple sites in Tucson, Arizona. Tauber and soil samples were collected for two years at Tumamoc Hill (Tucson). Morus, Ambrosia, Gramineae, and Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus characterize Tucson{\textquoteright}s airborne pollen. Artemisia, Garrya and summer Pinus pollen are transported from the mountains. Annual pollen capture is similar between Burkard and Tauber samplers. Atmospheric pollen is seasonally variable; annual variability is low. Spatial variability among sites is low. Pollen concentrations vary widely among sites, but taxonomic composition remains constant. Reentrained soil pollen comprises 11\% of the airborne pollen. Gramineae and Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus pollen comprise 90\% of the reentrained pollen. Pollen reentrainment varies seasonally. High maximum and minimum temperatures, low dew point and moderate wind speeds are associated with maximum atmospheric pollen concentrations. Winds preceding summer storms cause increased pollen concentrations. Deterioration characterizes pollen from soils. Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus, Ambrosia, Other Compositae and Graminear are commonly found; Morus is rarely found. Pinus, Sphaeralcea, Boerhaavia and Kallstroemia are present in low numbers. These taxa have thick pollen walls, and they resist destruction. Seasonally collected soil samples have similar pollen spectra. Seasonal airborne pollen variability does not affect the soil pollen spectra. Inoculated soil pollen is well preserved, but pollen is lost rapidly. After one year, pollen concentrations approached background levels for seven of the eight pollen taxa tested. Solidago remained an order of magnitude higher. Pollen morphology may play a role in differential pollen loss. Pollen from the inoculated plots is lost through post-mortem transport. Pollen in soils is time-averaged and exhibits little temporal variability. The average airborne pollen spectra differs from the pollen in the soil. Soil pollen was degraded; inoculated plot pollen was well preserved. I conclude airborne pollen contributes little to the soil pollen of Tumamoc Hill. The soil pollen spectra is affected by selective- or non-deposition of airborne pollen (e.g. Morus), differential pollen destruction, and differential post mortem transport.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=748690901\&sid=6\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Rourke, Mary Kay} } @mastersthesis {564, title = {Long-Term Climatic Changes in Western Europe and East Asia}, volume = {MS}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Massachusetts}, author = {Shao, Xuemei} } @mastersthesis {488, title = {Reconstructing the Flow of the Sacramento River Since 1560}, volume = {MS}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Tree-ring width time series have been shown to be useful in conjunction with regression techniques for extending instrumental records of climate variables such as precipitation, drought severity and annual streamflow. This study uses tree-ring data derived fro 17 sites in northern California and eastern Oregon to develop reconstructions of annual Sacramento River streamflow for the period 1560-1980.}, author = {Earle, Christopher J.} } @mastersthesis {700, title = {The structure and function of the prehistoric household in the pueblo southwest: A case study from Turkey Creek Pueblo}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The Pueblo household in the American Southwest is examined at Hopi and Zuni and at the prehistoric pueblo of Turkey Creek. Cultural, economic, and environmental factors that influence household organization and function crossculturally are identified and organized into a framework suitable for investigation of households in the archaeological record. Early Hopi and Zuni ethnographic material is reorganized within the research framework thus established. The arrangement of activities in space by social unit is discussed and tabulated to serve as a convenient reference for archaeologists. This research framework directs examination of household dynamics in a unique prehistoric village, Turkey Creek Pueblo. Turkey Creek Pueblo is a 335 room thirteenth century ruin of which 314 rooms were excavated. Its broad and consistently reported room attribute data provide an extraordinary opportunity for understanding the social use of space in a large prehistoric community. Analysis of 31 room variables in 301 rooms reveals that patterning of room attributes is influenced by three interacting dimensions--room function, temporal change, and intrapueblo areal differentiation. Both the raw data and the results of the computer procedures are tabulated to serve as a reference for comparative analysis. Household dwellings were composed of three room types--storage rooms (small with no hearth), habitation rooms (large with rectangular hearth), and miscellaneous activity rooms (mid-sized with circular hearth). A typical dwelling had one habitation room, one or two miscellaneous activity rooms, and two or three storage rooms. Considerable variability existed in the size and organization of dwellings. Architectural analysis further suggests that households at Turkey Creek Pueblo formed the basal level of a four-level organizational hierarchy that included the suprahousehold, the dual division, and the village. The activities that occurred within the physical spaces associated with these social units are assessed, as are the mechanisms of population aggregation and village abandonment. }, keywords = {Architecture, Hopi, room typology, social organization}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=751872471\&sid=14\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Julie Lowell} } @mastersthesis {706, title = {Culture change and the Navajo Hogan}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1985}, school = {Washington State University}, abstract = {The Navajo tribe has been subjected to acculturation pressures since its arrival in the American Southwest in the 1500s. The pressures came first from indigenous Pueblo groups, these were succeeded by pressures from the Spanish, Mexicans, Utes, U.S. military, and other Euroamerican local populations. The Navajo response to the pressures of acculturation in both the economic and religious spheres of life is manifested in the Navajo house or hogan. The hogan serves as both a sacred and secular structure. Some features of hogan construction such as shape and doorway orientation have strong symbolic associations, and alterations in their form thus reflect fundamental shifts in religious orientation. Other features of hogan construction such as the use of power tools or milled lumber, while changing the appearance of the structure, do not have strong symbolic associations and thus are not indicative of a similar shift away from traditional Navajo culture. Instead, these features represent a Navajo incorporation of items from the dominant culture that are most useful in easing the hardships of traditional life. Habitation structures from two areas of Arizona illustrate this trend. Over 500 structures from the remote, conservative and until very recently, unacculturated area of Black Mesa are compared with over 200 structures from the substantially more acculturated region of the Defiance Plateau. The difference in the chronology of housing construction techniques between the two areas is striking. Influences from the dominant culture, including a shift away from traditional houses, are evident in the late 1800s on the Defiance Plateau. Conversely, on Black Mesa, these same trends do not appear until the 1970s and 1980s. Architecture is composed of both a technological and an expressive element. This marriage of two aspects of culture in one place--housing--is an important locus of information for anthropologists. Analysis of changing construction methods and morphology provides a physical manifestation of changes documented in other areas of the cultural system. }, keywords = {Arizona}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=753300051\&sid=19\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Miranda Warburton} } @article {912, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1985}, month = {05/1985}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

Since Edmun Schulman\’s initial interest in 1953, the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research has conducted dendrochronological studies of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey, sp. Nov.) in the White Mountains of east-central California where living trees reach ages in excess of 4,000 years. The focus of this report relates to the support by the Geology and Anthropology sections in the National Science Foundation under grant EAR-8018687 for the period 1 April 1981 to 31 October 1984 with the assistance of the Department of Energy contract no. DE-AC02-81EV10680 covering the period 1 May 1981 to 31 October 1982.

A summary of this research was recently published in Radiocarbon (Ferguson and Graybill 1983). In most cases various facets of the work were related to projects sponsored by all agencies. Therefore the full range of activities during that period is described herein. The primary project goals were:

  1. To extend the bristlecone pine chronology from the White Mountains of California beyond 6700 B.C. and strengthen it by incorporating additional specimens.
  2. To develop bristlecone pine chronologies in new areas for applications in archaeology, isotopic studies, and other earth sciences.
  3. To furnish dendrochronologically dated wood to researchers engaged in the study of past variations in carbon isotopes and climate.
}, keywords = {anthropology, Archaeology, bristlecone pine, california, carbon isotopes, chronology, climate, dendrochronology, Geology, isotopic studies, pinus longaeva, technical report, tree ring, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W. and Graybill, D.A.} } @mastersthesis {519, title = {Dendro{\"o}kologische Untersuchungen an H{\"o}henprofilen aus verschiedenen Klimabereichen}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Zurich}, author = {Kienast, Felix} } @mastersthesis {705, title = {Descent, land use and inheritance: navajo land tenure patterns in Canyon de Chelly and Canyon del Muerto}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The development of and changes in human social organization have been a concern of anthropological research since the inception of the discipline. A perspective that focuses on the interaction between exogenous (ecological and historical) variables and social organization is argued for herein. This study tests the idea that inheritance patterns reflect both land use and sociohistorical factors. Further, it is suggested that after their move into the American Southwest, the inheritance of agricultural land was influential in the development, although not necessarily the origins, of matrilineality among the Navajo. Data were obtained on land tenure practices in Canyon de Chelly and its major tributary, Canyon del Muerto, historically important centers of Navajo agriculture. Detailed interviews with 93\% of the Navajo families owning land in the canyons provided information on land use and inheritance patterns since the 1880s. Data from over 400 cases of land transfers were analyzed. Historical documents and archaeological studies also provided information on Navajo settlement patterns, changes in farming practices and environmental fluctuations since the mid-1700s. Within the past fifty years, and probably longer, topographic and physiographic differences between Canyon de Chelly and Canyon del Muerto have contributed to variations in land use within the canyon system. Ditch irrigated feed crops are now only grown in Canyon del Muerto, and they are commonly used by families involved in market oriented cattle ranching. Further, as a result of erosion problems, the production potential of some canyon areas, as well as the quantity of arable land, is declining. Not all families are able to meet the increasing need for labor and capital intensive practices that could maximize agricultural production on their canyon land, but it remains a highly valued resource. This research indicates that since the 1880s agricultural land in Canyon de Chelly has been transferred more frequently along matrilineal lines, and the explanations for the differences in land tenure patterns between the canyons over time relate both to ecological and socio-historical variables. In conclusion, it is argued that the complexity found within this canyon system reflects a heterogeneity common to any culture, but which anthropologists tend to overlook. }, keywords = {Arizona}, url = {Thedevelopmentofandchangesinhumansocialorganizationhavebeenaconcernofanthropologicalresearchsincetheinceptionofthediscipline.Aperspectivethatfocusesontheinteractionbetweenexogenous(ecologicalandhistorical)variablesandso}, author = {Tracy Andrews} } @mastersthesis {708, title = {Hydroclimatology of flow events in the Gila River Basin, Central and Southern Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Traditional flood-frequency techniques are based on the assumption that the observed flood record represents a sample that has been drawn from a single climatically homogeneous population of floods. A hydroclimatic approach was used to evaluate this assumption by identifying the circulation patterns and atmospheric flood-generating mechanisms which control the temporal and spatial variability of flooding. Mean monthly discharges and instantaneous peak flows of the partial duration series were analyzed for thirty gaging stations in the climatically sensitive, semiarid, Gila River basin for the period 1950 to 1980. Correlation fields and composite maps were constructed to define the relationship between 700 mb height circulation anomalies and mean monthly streamflow. Individual flood events were linked to climate by analyzing daily synoptic weather maps and classifying each flood event into one of eight hydroclimatic categories on the basis of the atmospheric mechanisms which generated each flow. The analysis demonstrated that floods and anomalously high streamflow in the Gila River basin originate from a variety of atmospheric processes which vary spatially, seasonally, and from year-to-year. The mechanisms most important for generating floods included winter fronts, cutoff lows, tropical storms, snowmelt, and widespread and localized summer monsoon-related circulation patterns. When flood discharges were grouped into hydroclimatically homogeneous categories, histogram plots of their frequency distributions exhibited means and variances that differed from those of the overall frequency distribution of the entire flood series. The means of the discharges generated by frontal precipitation and tropical storms tended to plot above the mean of the overall series, while the means of floods generated by snowmelt tended to plot below the overall mean. Flood estimates computed from a series containing mixed distributions were not the same as flood estimates computed from climatically homogeneous subsets of the same series. These results have implications for traditional flood-frequency analysis and other stochastic methods of analyzing hydrologic time series. The hydroclimatically-defined subgroups in the flood series of the Gila River basin indicate that nonhomogeneity and nonstationarity can be imparted to a hydrologic time series by differing atmospheric mechanisms alone.

}, keywords = {floods, Hydrology, mixed populations}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=753278081\&sid=23\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Hirschboeck, K.} } @mastersthesis {441, title = {The Interpretation of Archaeological Tree-Ring Dates}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A comparative approach to analysis of the body of tree-ring data from prehistoric sites in the American Southwest provides information on patterns of wood use, the effectiveness of interpretive methods, and culture history. Requisite to this approach is an interpretive framework developed since the 1920{\textquoteright}s by archaeologists versed in tree-ring analysis. Central to this scheme is indirect dating, by means of which dates derived for biological events of tree growth are applied to progressively more remote events in human history. A new contribution to this framework is an interpretive model that focuses on the shape of tree-ring date distributions.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=752229261\&sid=1\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Ahlstrom, Richard Van Ness} } @mastersthesis {502, title = {Long-Term Records of Temperature and Precipitation in the Pacific Northwest Derived from Tree Rings}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Washington}, abstract = {Annual growth records from climatically sensitive trees growing in Washington, Oregon, and northern California are used to reconstruct annual temperature and precipitation variation in the Pacific Northwest over the last several hundred years. Response surfaces indicate that growth of mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) and subalpine larch (Larix lyallii) at timberline in the Cascade Range of Washington is complexly related to variation in summer temperature and spring snow depth. Interactions between these climatic variables in governing tree growth therefore make it difficult to separately reconstruct either of these seasonal climatic variables using standard methods. Mean annual temperature values, however, combine information on both summer temperature and spring snow depth. Mean annual temperature values were therefore reconstructed at Longmire, Washington (46{\textdegree}47'N, 121{\textdegree}44'W; 842 m) using a regression model with larch and hemlock tree-ring chronologies as predictors. The reconstruction shows mean annual temperatures between 1590 and 1900 to be approximately 1{\textdegree}C lower than those of the 20th century. Only during a short period from 1650 to 1690 did temperatures approach 20th century values. Long-term regional precipitation variation within the Pacific Northwest is reflected in reconstructions of three mean annual precipitation indices representing the {\textquotedblleft}Western Lowlands{\textquotedblright} (western Washington and northwestern Oregon), {\textquotedblleft}Columbia Basin{\textquotedblright} (eastern Washington and northeastern Oregon) and {\textquotedblleft}Southern Valleys{\textquotedblright} (southeastern Oregon and northern California). Tree-ring chronologies from drought sensitive Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) are used to reconstruct each precipitation series back to 1675. The precipitation reconstructions do not reveal long-term changes in mean conditions but show episodes of wet and dry conditions that differed in timing between the regions. During the first half of the 19th century, precipitation equaled or exceeded the long term average in the Western Lowlands and Columbia Basin but was below average in the Southern Valleys. During the second half of the 19th century, the Southern Valleys experienced above average precipitation while precipitation was below average in the Columbia Basin. Single year drought events show great spatial homogeneity implying that severe dry years are caused by circulation features of sufficient size to affect the entire Pacific Northwest.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=749026731\&sid=1\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Graumlich, Lisa} } @article {931, title = {Proposed Contract with the Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN. 37831 for Research on {\textquoteright}Detection of Forest Response to Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide{\textquoteright} 1985}, year = {1985}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {atmospheric carbon dioxide, environmental sciences division, forest response, increased carbon dioxide, increasing co2, oak ridge, proposed contract, tree ring}, author = {Graybill, D.A.} } @article {765, title = {Radical Growth Losses in Douglas-Fir and White Fir Caused by Western Spruce Budworn in Northern New Mexico: 1700 to 1983}, year = {1985}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {budworm, douglas fir, forest, growth loss, new mexico, pest management, report, southwest, spruce, white fir}, author = {United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southwestern Region} } @mastersthesis {471, title = {A Time Series Analysis Approach to Tree Ring Standardization}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

The problem of standardizing closed-canopy forest ringwidth series is investigated. A biological model for the tree-ring standardization problem indicated that one class of non-climatic variance frequently responsible for standardization problems could be objectively minimized in theory. This is the variance caused by endogenous stand disturbances which create fluctuations in ringwidth series that are non-synchronous or out-of-phase when viewed across trees in a stand. A time series method based on the autoregressive process is developed which minimizes the timewise influence of endogenous disturbances in detrended ringwidth series. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) properties of this method are derived which indicate that autoregressive modelling and prewhitening of detrended ringwidth indices will result in a higher SNR when endogenous disturbances are present in the series. This enables the verification of the SNR theory and the error variance reduction property of the standardization method.

}, author = {Cook, Edward Roger} } @proceedings {762, title = {Trace Element Analysis of Wood a Tool for Monitoring Air Pollution}, year = {1985}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, address = {Zurich}, keywords = {air pollution, analysis, environment, trace element, wood}, author = {Braker, O.U., McLaughlin, S.B., Baes, C.F.} } @mastersthesis {474, title = {Tree-ring Response Functions: An Evaluation by Means of Stimulations}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The problem of determining the response of tree ring width growth to monthly climate is examined in this study. The objective is to document which of the available regression methods are best suited to deciphering the complex link between tree growth variation and climate. Tree-ring response function analysis is used to determine which instrumental climatic variables are best associated with tree-ring width variability. Ideally such a determination would be accomplished, or verified, through detailed physiological monitoring of trees in their natural environment. A statistical approach is required because such biological studies on mature trees are currently too time consuming to perform. The use of lagged climatic data to duplicate a biological, rather than a calendar, year has resulted in an increase in the degree of intercorrelation (multicollinearity) of the independent climate variables. The presence of multicollinearity can greatly affect the sign and magnitude of estimated regression coefficients. Using series of known response, the effectiveness of five different regression methods were objectively assessed in this study. The results from each of the 2000 regressions were compared to the known regression weights and a measure of relative efficiency computed. The results indicate that ridge regression analysis is, on average, four times more efficient (average relative efficiency of 4.57) than unbiased multiple linear regression at producing good coefficient estimates. The results from principal components regression are slight improvements over those from multiple linear regression with an average relative efficiency of 1.45.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=753282251\&sid=28\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Cropper, John Philip} } @proceedings {750, title = {The Use and Limitation of Dendrochronology in Studying the Effects of Air Pollution on Forests}, year = {1985}, note = {

Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, keywords = {agriculture, air pollution, climate, dendrochronology, environment, forests, wetlands}, author = {Cook, Edward Roger} } @article {914, title = {Western U.S. Tree-Ring Index Chronology Data for Detection of Arboreal Response to Increasing Carbon Dioxide}, year = {1985}, month = {04/1985}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

This report summarizes tree-ring chronologies recently developed by the University of Arizona Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research that can be used for the purpose of examining tree-ring growth response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Portions of this research were accomplished under contract with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory project \“Detection of forest response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide\” (Darrell C. West, P.I.).

}, keywords = {arboreal response, chronology, dendrochronology, increasing carbon dioxide, increasing co2, tree ring, western us}, author = {Graybill, D.A.} } @mastersthesis {496, title = {Climatic Change and Water Supply in the Great Basin}, volume = {MS}, year = {1984}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

The climatological literature contains considerable evidence that increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide will result in global warming. In order to investigate the effects of resultant climatic changes on runoff in the Great Basin, a water balance model based on average monthly precipitation and temperature was applied to four watersheds in the region.

}, author = {Flaschka, Irmgard Monika} } @article {926, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1984}, month = {08/1984}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {anthropology, Bristlecone, bristlecone pine, california, carbon isotopes, chronology, climate, dendrochronology, Geology, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W. and Graybill, D.A.} } @mastersthesis {507, title = {Dendroclimatic Contribution to the Understanding of Growth of Cedar of Atlas in the Reforestations of Southeastern France}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1984}, school = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Aix-Marseille III}, author = {Guibal, Fr{\'e}deric} } @mastersthesis {498, title = {A Dendroclimatological Reconstruction of Past Climate, Zermatt, Switzerland}, volume = {BSc (Hons)}, year = {1984}, school = {University of Manchester}, author = {Freeman, A.L.} } @mastersthesis {577, title = {Dendroclimatologie et Ecologie de Pinus Silvestris L. et Quercus Pubescens Willd. Dans le Sud-Est de la France}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1984}, school = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Aix-Marseille III}, author = {Tessier, Lucien} } @mastersthesis {904, title = {Fire Regime of the Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta var. murrayana) Forests of the Mt. San Jacinto State Park Wilderness, California}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1984}, note = {

Please contact the Laboratory of Tree Ring Research to view this thesis.

}, month = {08/1984}, pages = {93}, school = {Cornell University}, address = {Ithaca}, abstract = {

For the purpose of providing recommendations for the fire management plan of the Mt. San Jacinto State Park Wilderness, California, the natural fire regime of the lodgepole pine forests within the wilderness was determined. Fire-scarred lodgepole pine trees were cored, and their growth rings crossdated against a composite ring series, to obtain fire date estimates of fires that have burned within the forests during the last 300 years. U.S. Forest Service fire records and personal accounts were also used to determine recent fire history.

Results indicate that the fires within the lodgepole pine forests of Mt. San Jacinto probably were quite small (\< 0.4 ha). Because of this, the fire regime is probably one of low-intensity fires. Fires started principally by lightning and they generally did not spread far because of low woody fuel loading on the ground. These small fires, however, occurred quite frequently throughout the lodgepole pine forests. Fires probably burned every one to two years, and in many years, more than one fire burned. The average fire return interval for separate locations within the lodgepole pine forests was not determined exactly because most of the burned trees had only one fire-scar.

The effects of this fire-regime on the forest vegetation composition was determined. This was accomplished with multiple regression analyses of vegetative and physiographic data collected from the area of each verified fire.

In the 2500 to 2900 m elevation range, white fir generally increased in importance (relative basal area) over lodgepole pine as years since the fire increased. However, the relationships of lodgepole pine and white fir importances to the time since the fire were not statistically significant. Above 2800 m elevation, neither lodgepole pine nor limber pine importance was affected by the fire regime. Throughout the lodgepole pine forests of this wilderness area, the fire regime has not greatly affected the forest vegetation composition.

To compare two methods of obtaining fire year estimates from living, fire-scarred trees, both wedging and coring was done on ten fire-scarred lodgepole pine trees. The rings of the wedges and cores were then crossdated against a composite ring series, and the respective fire year estimates of each method were compared for each tree. Seven pairs of wedges and cores were crossdated, and each pair gave the same fire year estimate for the respective tree. In the situation of single-scarred trees, the coring method, along with dendrochronology dating, should be attempted instead of wedging, which is more destructive to the tree than coring.

Based on this study, I recommend that the fire management plan for the lodgepole pine forests of the Mt. San Jacinto State Park Wilderness contain two options for fire control. First, in areas that have heavy use by recreationists and cultural or historical benefits, fire suppression should begin immediately after a fire has been detected. Second, in all other areas, a \“let burn\” policy should be attempted, whereby the fire would be allowed to die out on its own. This would save the expense of fire suppression, which can be very costly in remote wilderness areas. These fires should be monitored in case they do burn near valuable areas. Prescribed burning is not recommended because of the weak relationship of the fire regime to the forest vegetation composition.

}, keywords = {california, coring, dendrochronology, fire, fire management, fire scar, Limber pine, lodgepole, mt san jacinto, mt san jacinto state park wilderness, pine, pinus contortata, regime, suppression, tree ring, var murrayana, wedging, white fir}, author = {Paul Sheppard} } @mastersthesis {532, title = {A New Computerized X-ray Densitometric System for Tree-Ring Analysis}, volume = {MS}, year = {1984}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

A new facility for X-ray densitometric analysis is in operation at the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. Tree-ring specimens are cute to a uniform thickness of 1.0 mm and contact radiographs are produced. The radiographs are scanned by a modified Joyce-Loebl optical microdesitometer interfaced with an Apple II microcomputer. The film optical densities are sampled at 0.02 mm increments and stored on magnetic disks. A battery of computer programs has been developed to edit and process these data, and to transform them into annual time series of various wood density characteristics for each specimen. Several of the programs employ interactive high-resolution graphics to enable the operator to ensure that the resulting series are accurate and complete. Data produced include maximum latewood density, minimum earlywood density, total ring width, average annual density, and integrated annual density. These parameters can be employed as paleoenvironmental indicators.

}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=753909891\&sid=1\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {McCord, Virgil Alexander Stuart} } @article {930, title = {Proposed Contract with the Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN. 37831 for Research on {\textquoteright}Detection of Forest Response to Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide{\textquoteright} 1984}, year = {1984}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {atmospheric carbon dioxide, environmental sciences division, forest response, increased carbon dioxide, increasing co2, oak ridge, proposed contract, tree ring}, author = {Graybill, D.A.} } @mastersthesis {456, title = {Tree-Climate Relationships and Dendroclimatological Reconstruction in the British Isles}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1984}, school = {University of East Anglia}, author = {Briffa, Keith Raphael} } @mastersthesis {534, title = {{\"U}ber den Witterungseinflu{\ss} auf die Jahrringstruktur der Gemeinen Keifer (Pinus silvestris L.)}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1984}, school = {University of Freiburg}, author = {Merkel, Hubert} } @article {757, title = {Air Pollutants and Forest Decline}, journal = {Environmental Science Technology}, volume = {17}, year = {1983}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {air pollutants, dendrochronology, forest decline}, author = {Tomlinson, George} } @article {927, title = {Bristlecone Pine Project Status}, year = {1983}, month = {08/1983}, keywords = {Bristlecone, bristlecone pine, california, chronology, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @mastersthesis {543, title = {A Dendroclimatic Analysis of Three Indigenous Tree Species, South Island New Zealand}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1983}, school = {University of Canterbury}, author = {Norton, D.A.} } @mastersthesis {571, title = {The Effects of Fire Exclusion on Growth in Mature Ponderosa Pine in Northern Arizona}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1983}, pages = {28}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Dendrochronological techniques were used to assess the effect of fire exclusion on the radial growth of two age classes (approximately 150 to 300 years old) of mature ponderosa pine. Decline in average radial growth in both classes is coincidental with the establishment of a large ponderosa pine seedling crop in 1919 that has since become an extensive stand of stagnant, overcrowded saplings.

F and t tests of tree ring indices comparing the time period before and after 1920 show that growth has significantly declined since 1920 in both age classes. F and t tests comparing the two age classes suggest that growth was similar before 1920, but the older age class shows a significantly stronger growth decline than the younger age class. Spearman Rank Correlation tests indicate that in both groups there was no trend or a tend toward increasing tree ring indices before 1920 in both age classes, but that after 1920 there was a strong, significant trend toward decreasing tree ring indices in both groups, and that the trend is stronger in the older age class. These results suggest that the older trees are experiencing a more pronounced growth suppression effect than the younger trees.

October and July Palmer Drought Severity Indices from 1931 to 1976 were tested for trend toward drought using the Spearman Rank Correlation. There was no trend toward drought during these months, which have the most significant climatic relationship to ponderosa pine growth in northern Arizona. Therefore the growth decline at Chimney Spring may not be attributed to climate.

No environmental factor has changed at Chimney Spring, other than fire exclusion and subsequent seedling establishment. Competition for soil moisture and nutrients, reduced nutrient cycling and soil moisture losses from litter interception may all be factors contributing to the growth decline in the mature ponderosa pines at Chimney Spring.

Key words: age classes, competition, dendrochronology, \“dog-hair\” thickets, fire exclusion, forest, northern Arizona, Pinus ponderosa, radial growth

10-year index:

}, keywords = {age classes, chimney spring, competition, dendrochronology, dog hair thickets, fire, fire exclusion, forest, mature, northern arizona, palmer drought severity indices, pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, radial growth, spearman rank correlation}, author = {Sutherland, Elaine Kennedy} } @article {772, title = {Eine jahrringanalytische Studie zum Nadelbaumsterben in der Schweiz}, year = {1983}, note = {Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. This edition of the reports is from the Swiss Federal Institute of Forestry Research. }, month = {08/1983}, institution = {Eidgenossische Anstalt fur das Forstliche Versuchswesen}, address = {Birmensdorf}, abstract = {Application of annual ring analysis in investigations of conifer die-back in Switzerland Obviously unhealthy confiders show abrupt tree-ring growth reductions which are datable without measurements. By investigation of large amount of samples on different sites in Switzerland we calculated the areal distribution of damaged trees and the damage occurrence within time. Geographical distribution and time patterns yield to relations between climatic and pollution events. The heavy damages on fir started in Switzerland 1956. Approximately 75\% of all firs in Switzerland{\textquoteright}s central plateau show growth reductions. Local damages exist in the Rhone-valley since 1920. }, keywords = {climate, damages, environment, fir, growth, growth reduction, pollution, Switzerland, tree ring}, author = {Schweingruber, Fritz H. and Kontic, Raymond and Winkler-Seifert, Amanda} } @mastersthesis {573, title = {Fire History of the Gila Wilderness, New Mexico}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1983}, pages = {156}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

A data base of fire occurrence was established for the Gila Wilderness by analyzing fire scars and compiling fire records. Cross sections of 44 fire scarred ponderosa pine trees (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) were collected from three study areas. Crossdating of more than 800 individual fire scars revealed that extensive surface fires were a common occurrence prior to 1900. Mean fire intervals for a 250-year period prior to 1900 were approximately four to eight years and fire intervals ranged from one to 26 years. Intensive grazing and fire suppression efforts after 1900 resulted in a sudden decrease in number of fires recorded by the sample trees.

A 72-year record (1909-1980) of fire occurrence in the Gila National Forest was compiled from Forest Service records. The fire records and fire scar evidence suggest a need for continued emphasis on fuels reduction and greater flexibility in the Prescribed Natural Fire program.

}, keywords = {crossdate, dendrochronology, fire, fire history, fire scar, gila national forest, gila wilderness, new mexico, pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, tree ring}, author = {Swetnam, T.} } @mastersthesis {495, title = {La Precipitacion como indicador de la variacion climatica en la peninsula de baja california y su relacion dendrocronologica}, volume = {MS}, year = {1983}, school = {National Polytechnic Institute of Marine Science Interdisciplinary Center}, keywords = {Fishery Science}, author = {Fernandez, Samuel Rueda} } @mastersthesis {733, title = {Little archaeology, big archaeology : the changing context of archaeological research}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1983}, school = {University of Arizona}, url = {no copy on file in LTRR}, author = {Eugene Rogge} } @mastersthesis {461, title = {Simulated Anasazi Storage Behavior Using Crop Yeilds Reconstructed from Tree Rings: A.D. 652-1968}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1983}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A clear understanding of interactions between the arid Southwestern environment and that area{\textquoteright}s prehistoric inhabitants has been a goal of Southwestern archaeology. This research has reconstructed annual corn and dry bean crop yields for southwestern Colorado from A.D. 650 to 1968, as well as the amounts of those foods available for each of those years. Colorado{\textquoteright}s five southwestern county dry farming corn and dry bean crop records were combined to create two regional crop series. Modern technology{\textquoteright}s increasing influence was recognized as being present in the two series. This influence was felt to parallel Colorado{\textquoteright}s statewide fertilizer consumption and was removed using a multiple regression procedure. Two modern technology free regional crop series resulted. These two series, along with the original two historic crop series were calibrated against five Four Corners tree-ring chronologies from four localities. Both Douglas-fir and pinyon were employed in the calibration. The calibration process used multiple regression so that each series{\textquoteright} current annual crop yield could be predicted using one or more of 25 separate dendrochronological predictors. The regression equation deemed most suitable for predicting each of the four crop series was utilized to reconstruct annual crop yield estimates for the A.D. 652-1968 period. Normal verification was impossible since additional independent crop data were lacking. The reconstructed crop yield series were evaluated statistically. Portions of them were compared against historically recorded events. These two types of testing suggested that the retrodictions were probably valid. The crop yield reconstructions provided the basic data for four sets of storage simulations that attempted to determine corn and dry bean availability for each year from A.D. 652 to 1968, given certain assumptions about the levels of storage technology available to the Anasazi of southwestern Colorado. A. E. Douglass{\textquoteright} A.D. 1276-1299 {\textquotedblleft}Great Drought{\textquotedblright} appears to be confirmed. A number of additional famines or food crises have also been recognized. In addition, periods when food was super abundant have been identified. It now appears that much of the Four Corners large public construction projects were undertaken during and perhaps because of these periods of excess surplus.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=752071671\&sid=6\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Burns, Barney Tillman} } @mastersthesis {467, title = {X-ray Densitometric Measurement of Climatic Influence on the Intra-Annual Characteristics of Southern Semiarid Conifer Tree Rings}, year = {1983}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Annual tree-ring width of Southwestern conifers growing on dry sites exhibits sensitivity to variation in climatically created moisture stress. Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, and pinyon in the eastern San Juan Basin in northwestern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado were sampled at four sites to investigate covariation of climate with intra-annual anatomy. The sites possessed characteristics that created different amounts of physiological stress in trees. Increment borer samples were glued into wooden mounts and machined to approximately 1.0 mm thickness by a special router-planer. All samples were crossdated by comparing climatically controlled synchronous patterns of ring widths. Moving slit X-ray densitometry (at Forintek Canada Corporation Western Forest Products Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia) objectively defined the earlywood zone (large, low density cells) and latewood zone (smaller, denser cells formed late in the growing season) in each ring. The densitometer measured eight parameters for each ring: ring, earlywood, and latewood width, minimum and maximum density, and mean ring, earlywood, and latewood density. Individual radial series were standardized (i.e, transformed to indices with 1.0 mean and homogeneous variance) by fitting curves and dividing annual values by the corresponding curve values. Density series proved more difficult to standardize than widths and usually correlated more poorly among individual radii of the same data type. Statistical characteristics of site summary density chronologies differed from width chronologies. Response functions using monthly mean temperature and total precipitation showed climate influenced all data types. Low moisture stress increased ring, earlywood, and latewood width and ring, maximum, and latewood density. High moisture stress increased minimum and earlywood density. No width or density type consistently covaried more than any other with climate. Linkage of climatic variation with density parameters differed considerably from that reported in the literature for conifers growing in wetter, cooler climates. Southwestern conifers posed unique densitometric technical difficulties. Selection of sites that caused moderate physiological stress and samples with few missing rings proved critical. Acquisition of density data required much more time and effort than optical measurement of ring width, but yielded valuable intra-annual data. Intra-annual densitometric data hold great promise for reconstruction of seasonal paleoclimate.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=752888331\&sid=23\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Cleaveland, Malcolm} } @mastersthesis {551, title = {Climatic Change and Water Availability in the Rio Grande and Pecos River Basins}, volume = {MS}, year = {1982}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Climatologists have speculated that increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide deriving from fossil fuel combustion will result in warmer, drier climate for many parts of the world. One such area which is already facing serious water shortages is the upper Rio Grande Basin. A climatic water balance equation was adopted to model three representative drainages within the basin in order to investigate the effects of this climatic change on streamflow. Results show that a 20 C increase in temperature and 10\% decrease in precipitation would result in a 30\% decline in streamflow. Since demand already exceeds or approaches supply, such a dimunition in water yield would have serious regional and national ramifications.}, author = {Quinlan, Peter Thomas} } @mastersthesis {469, title = {Eastern U.S. Tree-Ring Widths and Densities as Indicators of Past Climate}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1982}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Long-lived trees preserve a record of environmental conditions during their lifetime in the pattern of yearly xylem widths and in changing wood density within and among the increments. Crossdated earlywood, latewood, and total ring widths, and minimum earlywood and maximum latewood densities, from three sites in the mountains of Maine, are analyzed visually and statistically to evaluate their relationships to one another and to external, environmental factors which affect the ring width and density through internal, physiological processes. Maximum density values show highest levels of similarity within and among the three site chronologies, thus implying a good degree of sensitivity to climate; minimum density values, however, showed lowest sensitivity to climate. Two biologically reasonable hypotheses concerning climate--tree growth interactions are proposed: (1) that maximum density is related to spring temperatures prior to its formation; and (2) that maximum density is related to summer water relations as the latewood forms. With the help of response function analysis, simple correlation, and multiple linear regression, these two hypotheses are tested: (1) maxmum density as a single predictor explains up to 37\% of spring temperature variance; with earlywood widths at one site, 47\% of spring temperature variance is explained; (2) maximum density as a single predictor explains up to 45\% of summer temperature variance, 11\% of summer precipitation variance, and 23\% of the variance of Thornthwaite water deficit values; with total ring widths at one site, 22\% of the variance of summer stream runoff is explained. Regression equations were applied to the 201- to 310-year tree-ring records to form reconstructions of these past climatic events. Independent verification testing of the reconstructions strongly validates the relationship between maximum density and spring temperature; the relationship to summer water relations is not as strongly verified, but results encourage further testing of this relationship. Results from this study may be applied both to (1) an increased understanding of relationship of climate to the formation of wood density; and (2) further development of dendroclimatology in mesic regions such as northeastern North America.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=748496351\&sid=24\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Conkey, Laura Elizabeth} } @mastersthesis {579, title = {The Effects of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Enrichment, Irradiance and Water Stress on Seedling Growth and Physiology of Liquidambar Styraciflua and Pinus Taeda}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1982}, school = {Duke University}, abstract = {In order to predict possible effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide on woody plant succession and community species composition, more detailed information is needed on the individual response of successional species to this changing environmental factor. The objective of this study was to investigate the growth and physiological response of two important successional woody species, Liquidambar styraciflua L. (sweetgum) and Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) to long term CO$_{2}$ enrichment. Carbon dioxide effects were studied under different irradiance and soil moisture conditions since these environmental factors, as well as nutrient availability, influence their pattern of invasion into abandoned fields and establishment under forest canopies in the North Carolina piedmont. Growth and physiological experiments were conducted in controlled environment facilities at the Duke University Phytotron. Elevated atmospheric CO$_{2}$ concentration enhanced growth with the greatest increase in height, leaf area, basal stem diameter and total dry weight seen for sweetgum seedlings grown under high irradiance. Increases in dry matter accumulation were associated with early CO$_{2}$ enhancement of net assimilation rate, with increases in amount of leaf surface area contributing more towards maintenance of larger size as seedlings aged. For sweetgum seedlings in particular reduction of growth by low irradiance and soil drought under normal atmospheric CO$_{2}$ was compensated for by growing plants under elevated CO$_{2}$. Photosynthetic acclimation of sweetgum and loblolly seedlings was not significantly altered by increasing atmospheric CO$_{2}$. However, CO$_{2}$ enrichment had a substantial differential effect on drought tolerance of these two species. Sweetgum seedlings grown at elevated CO$_{2}$ maintained higher plant water potentials and net photosynthetic rates during a period of drought than when grown at present day CO$_{2}$ level. In addition water use efficiency in these seedlings was also increased. In contrast CO$_{2}$ enrichment had much smaller effects on total plant water potential, net photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of loblolly seedlings. Physiological and growth response data in this study strongly suggest that the continued increase in atmospheric CO$_{2}$ may influence distribution patterns of these two species primarily in open fields.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=752091331\&sid=6\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Tolley, Leslie Carroll} } @mastersthesis {707, title = {Inference of past atmospheric delta carbon-13 and atmospheric carbon-dioxide from carbon-13/carbon-12 measurements in tree rings}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1982}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Carbon dioxide release from fossil-fuel burning is significant enough that we may soon experience perceptible changes in climate with important human consequences. Man\&$\#$39;s activities involving deforestation and agriculture have undoubtedly also affected atmospheric CO(,2), although quantitative, and even qualitative, net effects of these processes are incompletely understood relative to fossil-fuel production. An accurate reconstruction of past (\&$\#$39;13)C/(\&$\#$39;12)C ratios of atmospheric CO(,2) may provide key constraints on the historical activity of the biosphere as CO(,2) source or sink. Tree rings appear to be a repository of this information but there is much noise in the collection of previous reconstructions, presumably associated with site selection, radial variability, choice of representative wood chemical constituent, and subtle effects of climate on fractionation. This study attempts to avoid these pitfalls and develop a 50-yr (delta)(\&$\#$39;13)C(,ATM) record from juniper trees (genus Juniperus), in fact, by taking advantage of the influence of climate on fractionation. Trees were harvested from suitable sites in close proximity to weather stations with monthly records of temperature and precipitation. Ring material was then separated from each of the sections in 5-yr intervals from 1930 to 1979 around their full circumference, and cellulose was extracted from the wood. After measuring (delta)(\&$\#$39;13)C of the cellulose by standard mass-spectrometric techniques, a variety of (delta)(\&$\#$39;13)C vs. climate functions were examined for each interval. The most useful relationships for at most 7 of the 10 sites were (delta)(\&$\#$39;13)C with December temperature or precipitation, because the coefficients were nearly constant from one interval to the next (averaging -0.27(\&$\#$39;o)/oo(DEGREES)C(\&$\#$39;-1) for temperature and -0.04(\&$\#$39;o)/oo mm(\&$\#$39;-1) for precipitation) and the intercepts differed. Local pollution effects are believed responsible for the three anomalous sites. The separation of these regression lines of different intervals is interpreted as the response of the trees to the changing (delta)(\&$\#$39;13)C of atmospheric CO(,2) so that (delta)(\&$\#$39;13)C(,ATM) curves are constructed from this spacing. The shape of the best-fit reconstruction suggests the biosphere has acted as CO(,2) source to about 1965 and may now be a net sink. Although these conclusions are limited by certain assumptions and statistical restrictions, evidence from the recent scientific literature tends to support the increasing role of the biosphere as an important carbon sink.

}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=752855841\&sid=22\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Leavitt, S.} } @mastersthesis {710, title = {Prehistoric agricultural adaptation and settlement in Long House Valley, Northeastern Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1982}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

A recently completed intensive archaeological survey of Long House Valley in northeastern Arizona has provided a detailed body of data on prehistoric settlement distribution and environmental variation. Long House Valley was occupied between A.D. 1 and 1300 by prehistoric agriculturalists referred to as the Kayenta Anasazi. This study examines the changing relationship between settlement locations and agricultural adaptations from A.D. 500 to 1300 in Long House Valley. As part of this analysis, the archaeological, ethnographic, and environmental background of the Kayenta region is reviewed as a basis for understanding the nature of agricultural adaptation in this region. Agricultural practices of the Hopi Indians of northern Arizona provide the basis for a model of probable agricultural field locations. This combined with an examination of the physiographic, hydrographic, and edaphic features in the valley allow identification of potential field areas. Changes in the potential of identified field areas are postulated on the basis of variation in available moisture as determined from a regional dendroclimatic reconstruction. Prehistoric habitation site locations and their changing distribution through time are examined against these proposed changes in field potential. This study demonstrates that there is a distinct positive correlation between settlement location and potential field location as determined by available moisture. Beginning about A.D. 1150 deteriorating environmental conditions in the form of decreased moisture, arroyo cutting, and lowered water table are considered the primary determinants of changes in site locations. These changes are viewed as an adaptive response by the Kayenta Anasazi to conditions of decreased moisture. Continuing deterioration of the environment made the practice of agriculture impossible and resulted in the total abandonment of Long House Valley and the entire Kayenta region by A.D. 1300.

}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=752836931\&sid=25\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Harrill, Bruce G.} } @mastersthesis {533, title = {Applications of Box-Jenkins Methods of the Time Series Analysis to the Reconstruction of Drought from Tree Rings}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1981}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The lagged responses of tree-ring indices to annual climatic or hydrologic series are examined in this study. The objectives are to develop methods to analyze the lagged responses of individual tree-ring indices, and to improve upon conventional methods of adjusting for the lag in response in regression models to reconstruct annual climatic or hydrologic series. The proposed methods are described and applied to test data from Oregon and Southern California. Transfer-function modeling is used to estimate the dependence of the current ring on past years{\textquoteright} climate and to select negative lags for reconstruction models. A linear system is assumed; the input is an annual climatic variable, and the output is a tree-ring index. The estimated impulse response function weights the importance of past and current years{\textquoteright} climate on the current year{\textquoteright}s ring. The identified transfer function model indicates how many past years{\textquoteright} rings are necessary to account for the effects of past years{\textquoteright} climate. Autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) modeling is used to screen out climatically insensitive tree-ring indices, and to estimate the lag in response to climate unmasked from the effects of autocorrelation in the tree-ring and climatic series. The climatic and tree-ring series are each prewhitened by ARMA models, and crosscorrelation between the ARMA residuals are estimated. The absence of significant crosscorrelations implies low sensitivity. Significant crosscorrelations at lags other than zero indicate lag in response. This analysis can also aid in selecting positive lags for reconstruction models. An alternative reconstruction method that makes use of the ARMA residuals is also proposed. The basic concept is that random (uncorrelated in time) shocks of climate induce annual random shocks of tree growth, with autocorrelation in the tree-ring index resulting from inertia in the system. The steps in the method are (1) fit ARMA models to the tree-ring index and the climatic variable, (2) regress the ARMA residuals of the climatic variable on the ARMA residuals of the tree-ring index, (3) substitute the long-term prewhitened tree-ring index into the regression equation to reconstruct the prewhitened climatic variable, and (4) build autocorrelation back into the reconstruction with the ARMA model originally fit to the climatic variable. The trial applications on test data from Oregon and Southern California showed that the lagged response of tree rings to climate varies greatly from site to site. Sensitive tree-ring series commonly depend significantly only on one past year{\textquoteright}s climate (regional rainfall index). Other series depend on three or more past years{\textquoteright} climate. Comparison of reconstructions by conventional lagging of predictors with reconstructions of the random-shock method indicate that while the lagged models may reconstruct the amplitude of severe, long-lasting droughts better than the random-shock model, the random-shock model generally has a flatter frequency response. The random-shock model may therefore be more appropriate where the persistence structure is of prime interest. For the most sensitive series with small lag in response, the choice of reconstruction method makes little difference in properties of the reconstruction. The greatest divergence is for series whose impulse response weights from the transfer function analysis do not die off rapidly with time.}, keywords = {Hydrology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=753124981\&sid=10\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Meko, David Michael} } @mastersthesis {545, title = {Climate and Society in Iceland from the Medieval Period to the Late Eighteenth Century}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1981}, school = {University of East Anglia}, author = {Ogilvie, Astrid Elisabeth Jane} } @mastersthesis {457, title = {Environmental Controls Influencing the Altitude and From of the Forest-Alpine Tundra Ecotone, Colorado Front Range}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1981}, school = {University of Colorado}, abstract = {The forest-alpine tundra ecotone of the Colorado Front Range is a dynamic vegetative belt where environmental factors vary rapidly. Under the present climatic conditions the conifer trees appear stressed and seedling establishment does not coincide with the present upper limit of tree species. With the increasing population and recreation pressure within the Front Range there is need for concern that irreversible damage may occur to the forest-alpine tundra ecotone. Meso-climatic parameters and conifer physiological responses were monitored throughout the year to determine what combinations of climate and inadequate physiological {\textquotedblleft}preparedness{\textquotedblright} result in the limitation of tree growth in the alpine. The upper limit of seedling establishment was systematically determined, and detection of a climatic change and in which direction the ecotone responded to the change were noted. In order to provide a present day inventory of the forest-alpine tundra ecotone it was mapped in detail at 1:10,000 and 1:50,000. These maps also facilitated the determination of topo-climatic influences on its distribution and provided a historical document upon which to monitor future changes. Finally, they furnished a working tool for land use planners to develop management plans. The interactions of the climate the environment and the survival of the conifer tree species within the forest-alpine tundra ecotone are indeed complex. A short, cool growing season, restricted by late-lying snow and early and late frosts, results in the tissues being unable to ripen and prepare adequately for winter hardiness. Seedlings find it impossible to establish and survive within the upper ecotone. The unpreparedness for such a harsh environment is evident during late fall when mild freezes may cause extensive damage to new growth, and during winter when many processes may weaken the tree. The winters on Niwot Ridge are long, with low temperatures, occasional days with high levels of radiation, strong winds and frozen soils. The foliage, if inadequately developed, survives only if protected by a deep snow cover. Low air temperatures, frost damage and winter desiccation appear to be primarily responsible for hindering growth in tree species within the ecotone. Of primary importance is the fact that these stress phenomena occur most often when the trees are least able to resist. The forest-alpine tundra ecotone appears at present to be under great climatic stress. The uppermost part of the ecotone is no longer successfully regenerating by seed, but rather relies on vegetative reproduction. It becomes obvious that the climate, at some time in the past, was more conducive to seedling establishment and survival. Although the ecotone has {\textquotedblleft}held its ground{\textquotedblright} for a long period of time, if it were disturbed through burning, logging, or other human activities, it would not regenerate in its present form and location. It is concluded that the ecotone, and especially the tree species limit, is a relict of a former climate and may have been established several thousand years ago.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=753126171\&sid=5\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Bristow, Katherine Jan Hansen} } @mastersthesis {565, title = {Long-term Streamflow Histories of the Salt and Verde Rivers, Arizona as Reconstructed from Tree-Rings}, volume = {MS}, year = {1981}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Tree-ring samples collected from the Salt and Verde River basins have been used to reconstruct the annual and seasonal flow histories of the Salt River near Roosevelt, above Roosevelt Lake, and the Verde River below Tangle Creek, above Horseshoe Reservoir for the period form 1580 to 1979{\textellipsis}}, author = {Smith, Lawrence P.} } @mastersthesis {508, title = {Mathamatical Analysis of Geophysical Data}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1981}, school = {Universit{\'e} catholique de Louvain}, author = {Guiot, Joel} } @mastersthesis {475, title = {Reconstruction of North Pacific Surface Pressure Anomaly Types from Alaskan and Western Candian Tree-ring Data}, volume = {MS}, year = {1981}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Spatial anomaly patterns of sea level pressure over the North Pacific sector of the Northern Hemisphere are statistically calibrated with principal components of arctic tree growth. Principal component weights of tree growth prior to 1900 are substituted into the calibration equation to construct the occurrence of past pressure anomaly types in the 19th century. The success of the constructions is statistically tested against independently derived reconstructions of the same pressure anomaly types from a grid of 65 tree-ring sites in western North America and against an independently derived temperature reconstruction for Fairbanks, Alaska. Of the 30 initial regression models developed only two passed enough verification tests against independent data to be considered reasonable reconstructions. The two chosen models were both reconstructing the same pressure anomaly type and were averaged to form a final reconstruction. Climatic conditions inferred from the arctic tree data are an anomalous strengthening of the summer North Pacific High, in the period 1920 to 1940, with associated anomalously cold summer temperatures at Fairbanks summer temperatures as occurred in the early 20th century (1920 to 1938). Based upon this work, recommendations are made for future study.}, author = {Cropper, John Philip} } @mastersthesis {503, title = {The Statistical Analysis of Rainfall and Its Reconstruction from Tree Rings}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1981}, school = {University of East Anglia}, author = {Gray, Barbara Marianne} } @mastersthesis {454, title = {Tree-Ring Characteristics of Baldcypress Growing in Varying Flooding Regimes in the Barataria Basin, Lousiana}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1981}, school = {Louisiana State University and Agricultural \& Mechanical College}, abstract = {Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum L. Rich.) is a desirable species for tree ring studies due to its longevity, resistance to decay, and the statistical characteristics of the ring record (Bowers, 1973). This investigation endeavors to determine: (1) the type and number of samples needed for such studies; (2) the values of x-ray densitometry analysis with the species; (3) the usefulness of the data for delineating differences in swamp sites which differ in length of flooding and if these differences could affect wood quality; and (4) the appropriateness of the data from disturbed swamp sites in south Louisiana to dendroclimatic studies. Differences exist in eight sample types. Furrow samples have a large number of missing and/or merging growth rings, are difficult to measure, and their statistical characteristics are no better than those of lobe samples. Compass direction is not significant but south samples contain twice as many resinous bands. Over 50\% of the chronology variance is accounted for by differences among core chronologies. Thus, it is beneficial to take two or more samples per tree. A sample size of 120, four cores from thirty trees, is required to reduce the standard error of the sample mean to .05 or less. X-ray densitometry did not alleviate problems with crossdating and false rings which are common with baldcypress. Although statistical characteristics of the density parameters do not indicate their use in dendroclimatic studies, the density data are significantly correlated with both mean monthly precipitation and temperature. A shift in hydrology from permanently to seasonally flooded enhanced wood production in good years; and, maximum latewood became more homogeneous among trees. Wide rings are characterized by increases in density and more abrupt ring profiles. Maximum latewood and minimum earlywood vary together; the greatest difference in ring uniformity is due to changes in maximum latewood. The statistics generated indicate that dendroclimatic studies of baldcypress in south Louisiana should prove fruitful. Evidence demonstrates that the species will be useful in analyzing regional anomalies, such as the low winter temperatures of the 1960{\textquoteright}s and 1976-79, and that baldcypress data may be able to be pooled with data from other species.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=751675381\&sid=14\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Bowers, Lynne Jordan} } @mastersthesis {575, title = {Allometric Analysis of Plant Growth in Woodland Communities}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1980}, school = {Utah State University}, abstract = {Several allometrically-based equations were derived to describe the changes and the similarities in the structure and shape of semiarid woody plants that occur with growth. The derivations utilized general hypotheses based on the assumption that one of the principal purposes of a plant{\textquoteright}s structure is the efficient support and distribution of its leaves. Results from analyses of plant branching systems were used to derive allometric relationships between selected variables of plant size and shape. A close correspondence often occurred between the parameters resulting from the derivations and those that resulted from empirical analyses of field data. The variability of some relationships was found to be linked to increasing tree dominance, and/or increasing tree size. Changes potentially linked to differing site quality were also observed for some relationships. Other relationships remained relatively uniform over a range of successional stages and also potentially uniform over a range of site quality. The analyses revealed important crown structure and foliage distribution similarities, as well as differences, between the plant species studied. In general, large plants were often less variable, relative to their size, than small plants. Each species also has a relatively consistent leaf distribution within its crown. A number of implications and applications of the results to plant sampling and vegetation analyses were discussed. This includes discussions of the need for, and possible means of obtaining, adequate methods of determining site quality for woody plant communities in non-timber producing regions. Overall, the analyzed allometric relationships resulted in a generalized working model of plant growth and development, particularly for the changes in size, shape and biomass that occur with growth.}, keywords = {Ecology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=749271331\&sid=1\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Tausch, Robin} } @mastersthesis {522, title = {Comparative Analysis of Climatic Reconstructions Derived from Tree-Ring and Ice Core Indicators in Southern Greenland}, volume = {MA}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Nebraska}, keywords = {Geography}, author = {Kuivinen, Karl C.} } @mastersthesis {497, title = {The Effect of Air Pollution on Western Larch as Detected by Tree-Ring Analysis}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1980}, school = {Arizona State University}, abstract = {The growth response of western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) to sulfur dioxide was studied in the Columbia River Valley near the lead-zinc smelter at Trail, British Columbia. A dendroecological (tree-ring) analysis was employed to assess the relative importance and longterm effects of sulfur dioxide on tree growth. Increasing sulfur emissions in the early 1900{\textquoteright}s, reaching a maximum in 1930, resulted in a concomitant decrease in annual tree growth. After 1930, sulfur emissions decreased dramatically with the implementation of pollution abatement measures. However, the growth recovery of western larch to the decreased sulfur emissions was not immediate and reflected the residual nature of the sulfur dioxide effect on tree growth. Correlation and regression analyses were utilized to develop multivariate models for the larch sites sampled at varying distances from the Trail smelter. Climatic models developed for the control site (tree-ring) chronology were applied to site chronologies located within the sulfur dioxide affected area to remove the effects of climate on tree growth and examine the residual response of the system. The pattern of the residuals closely resembled the sulfur emissions from the smelter with the most negative residuals occurring when sulfur emissions were greatest. Further regression modelling identified the relative importance of sulfur emissions, prior growth, temperature, and precipitation to annual tree growth. In those sites closest to the smelter, sulfur emissions accounted for the greatest proportion of the variance calibrated by the regression models. As distance from the smelter increased, sulfur emissions became less important in the site models. In all the site models temperature, particularly summer temperature, appeared to be a primary limiting climatic factor. Prior growth also accounted for considerable variance in the models with precipitation variables appearing to be of lesser importance in explaining the variance in the site chronologies. The results of this study demonstrate the applicability of tree-ring analysis in identifying and quantifying the long-term effects of air pollution on forest communities. It also provides a basis for examining the interrelationships between air pollution, climate, and annual tree growth.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=749712461\&sid=13\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Fox, Carl Alan} } @mastersthesis {462, title = {Feasibility of Using Tree-Ring Chronologies to Augment Hydrologic Records in Tasmania, Australia}, volume = {MS}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Monthly streamflow records from 8 gauging stations in western Tasmania seasonalized to include either the 5 months, November through March, or the 12 months, April through March, were used as predictands is a series of multiple linear regressions. The predictors were tree-ring eigenvector amplitudes derived from 11 chronologies, representing 4 species, from sites all over the state. Tree-ring widths in both the current and following years were significant in predicating runoff for the November-March period but not for the longer season.Canonical correlations and regressions calculated between the set of 8 runoff records and he set of 11 tree-ring chronologies accounted for 47\% of the variance of the 5-month streamflow during the 1958-1973 calibration period. Estimates of seasonalized summer runoff back though 1776 at 8 gauging stations were obtained by applying canonical regression equations to the 198-year tree-ring record. Three of the reconstructed series were verified using runoff data recorded for at least 8 years outside the calibration period.The results of this first attempt to employ tree-ring chronologies to extend streamflow records in Tasmania show promise for more widespread future applications of the technique.}, author = {Campbell, Desnee Anne} } @mastersthesis {711, title = {Prehistoric settlement variability in the Grosshopper area, east-central Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The variability of prehistoric settlements and settlement systems (settlement variability) is a result of the kinds of activities conducted (functional variability) and how long and intensively settlements were occupied (occupational variability). Previous studies of settlement variability, especially in the American Southwest, have emphasized primarily functional variability. This study explores the implications of both functional and occupational variability in contributing to settlement variability and how these factors in turn influence our ability to reconstruct past settlement systems. In investigating the effects of functional and occupational variability on settlement variability, an attempt was made to control the effects of other variables that might possibly contribute to settlement variability. Accordingly, the experimental design for this study required that a sufficient number of archaeological sites of the same developmental stage and cultural affiliation occurring in the same homogeneous environment be located. These design requirements were fulfilled by the discovery of the Pitiful Flats locality located midway between Grasshopper and Cibecue in east-central Arizona. The surface material of 34 archaeological sites (12 lithic sites, 22 ceramic sites) on Pitiful Flats was systematically collected to ensure data comparability. To control further for the effects of functional variability, interpretation-free units of analysis were developed for the lithic and ceramic assemblages by means of taxonomically based typologies. Typological and metric variation in these units of analysis, as well as variation in non-assemblage measurements (site size, density, and distribution of occupational debris), is used as evidence to support conclusions about site-type differences in lithic technology and settlement function, and to develop an occupational history of each Pitiful Flats site. These site-specific inferences provide a basis for reconstructing the structure of an extinct settlement system in the Grasshopper area. This reconstruction suggests that prior to the appearance of masonry architecture in the Grasshopper area, the basic regional settlement system consisted of a small number of "home bases" (permanently occupied habitations) and numerous sporadically occupied "work camps." The home base and work camps were spatially exclusive; the work camps were tethered to a particular home base. The tether settlement system explains many of the facts of the regional archaeological record. It also provides a basis for advancing the hypothesis that a modified form of swidden agriculture (non-slash and burn as opposed to slash and burn) was practiced. This form of cultivation was a non-labor-intensive technique for transforming a marginally productive environment for agricultural purposes. The demographic and social implications of the tether settlement model and the non-slash swidden hypothesis for understanding regional Grasshopper prehistory are also discussed. }, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=749715921\&sid=26\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Alan Sullivan} } @mastersthesis {447, title = {Tempests, Freshets and Mackerel Skies; Climatoligical Data from Diaries using Content Analysis}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Maine at Orono}, abstract = {For most of this century members of the scientific community have been studying the record of and reason for climate change. The realization that we in the Northern Hemisphere have been living during a period of abnormally warm temperatures and relatively settled conditions which now may be changing, has spawned considerable recent research. Why do climates change and what is the impact of these changes on human populations? In their attempt to answer these questions, researchers have turned to the past to test their hypotheses and to gather evidence of climate change.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=749698611\&sid=10\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Baron, William R.} } @mastersthesis {578, title = {Tree Rings and Air Pollution: A Case Study on Pinus Monophylla Growing in East-Central Nevada}, volume = {MS}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Five stands of Pinus monophylla (single-needle pinyon pine) from east-central Nevada were sampled and analyzed using dendrochronological methods to detect the effects of climate and copper smelter effluent on annual ring-width growth. Tree-ring chronologies were developed for two pollution sites near the smelter and for three control sites. All chronologies are highly and positively correlated before smelting began in 1908, but after that date there is a significant decrease in the correlation of the chronology from the most polluted site with the other chronologies. The results of a response function analysis suggest that trees on the most polluted site are limited by both climate and air pollution. An increase in the amount of low-frequency variance in the chronology from the most polluted site is attributed to a decrease in ring-width growth from 1910-1930 followed by and increase in growth which may have been caused by some change in the trees{\textquoteright} environment due to copper smelter effluent.}, author = {Thompson, Marna Ares} } @article {924, title = {Unsolicited Proposal Submitted to the Department of Energy for Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1980}, month = {04/1980}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Since 1953 the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research has conducted dendrochronological studies of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey, sp. nov.) in the White Mountains of California. This research resulted in the establishment of a continuous tree-ring sequence of 8,680 years which proved to be a unique source of chronological data and provided precisely dated wood specimens essential to certain paleoenvironmental and geophysical investigations. Dendrochronologically dated decade samples of bristlecone pine continue to be supplied to C-14 laboratories for the calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, a development of far reaching consequences in the fields of archaeology and geology. To more fully understand the causative factors, especially the activity of the sun, a critical need exists to better define the fluctuations and trends of the C-14 curve through even stronger and earlier bristlecone pine controls. In addition, recent advances in other methods of analyzing past climatic variability \–particularly techniques involving stable isotope ratios\—have greatly increased the demand for wood of known age and, hence, for chronology development.

During the past 18 months, the early portions of the chronology have been greatly strengthened and extended. The objective of the proposed research is to continue the extension of the bristlecone pine chronology further into the past and to strengthen it by incorporating additional dated specimens from the White Mountains and nearby areas. Prospects for a 10,000-year chronology appear increasingly possible.

}, keywords = {Bristlecone, bristlecone pine, C-14, california, chronology, dendrochronology, department of energy, pinus longaeva, radiocarbon, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @article {791, title = {A.E. Douglass and the Canals of Mars}, journal = {The Astronomy Quarterly}, volume = {3}, year = {1979}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, publisher = {Pachart Publishing House}, keywords = {astronomy, canals of mars, Douglass, historic}, author = {Webb, G.E.} } @mastersthesis {487, title = {An Attempt to Verify Dendroclimatic Reconstructions using Independent Tree-Ring Chronologies}, volume = {MS}, year = {1979}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {An attempt was made to verify dendroclimatic reconstructions of July Palmer Drought Severity Indices (PDSI) and of seasonal temperature and precipitation in the contiguous United States by means of tree-ring chronologies not used in the calibration procedure. Eight tree-ring chronologies were developed from white oak (Quercus alba L.) on five sites in Iowa and were used in statistical verification procedures along with 26 other chronologies from the eastern and central U.S. Six types of statistical test were used to detect linkages between tree-ring series and actual or reconstructed climatic series. Only those chronologies showing significant linkages with actual climatic data were used in verification attempts. Successful verifications of two PDSI reconstruction sets for two regions of Iowa using the Iowa chronologies were attributed to validity of these reconstructions and strong linkages of the Iowa chronologies to actual July PDSI data, and it was concluded that verification of dendroclimatic reconstructions using independent tree-ring chronologies is possible. Unsuccessful verification attempts in all areas tested for the temperature precipitation reconstructions and for one PDSI reconstruction in four regions of the Ozarks area were attributed to invalidity of these reconstructions and secondary to weaker linkages of the independent chronologies to actual data of these variables.}, author = {Duvick, Daniel Nelson} } @mastersthesis {468, title = {Dendroclimatology in the Northeastern United States}, volume = {MS}, year = {1979}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Canonical correlations and regressions were calculated between a set of 7 tree-ring width chronologies and a set of 12 temperature or 15 precipitation records from the northeastern United States. The regressions calibrated 38.5\% of the winter temperature variance, 26.5\% of the winter precipitation variance, 20.9\% of the spring precipitation variance in the dependent period, 1905-1960. The regression equations were then applied to the 275-year record of the 7 tree-ring chronologies to obtain estimates of past temperature and precipitation. Reconstructions wee tested for statistical verification with climatic data not used in the regressions, and the series that showed highest verification in each season was selected for further study. The best winter temperature reconstruction passed 50\% of the verification tests, the best winter precipitation reconstruction passed 12.5\% of the tests, and the best spring precipitation reconstruction passed 26.8\% of the tests. The reconstructions of the stations which passed the most verification tests in each season were averaged, and the regional averages were smoothed and plotted. These presented as a first, tentative approximation of past climate.}, author = {Conkey, Laura Elizabeth} } @mastersthesis {489, title = {The Stability of the Northern Canadian Tree Limit: Current Regenerative Capacity}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1979}, school = {University of Colorado}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=751614031\&sid=5\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Elliott, Deborah} } @mastersthesis {713, title = {A study of prehistoric spatial behavior: Long House Valley, Northeastern Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1979}, school = {Arizona State University}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=760047031\&sid=27\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Richard Effland} } @book {816, title = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere 1. Argentina}, series = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere}, year = {1979}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {argentina, chronology, date, dendrochronology, hemisphere, south america, southern, tree ring}, author = {LaMarche, V.C. and Holmes, R.L. and Dunwiddie, P.W. and Drew, L.G.} } @book {817, title = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere 2. Chile}, series = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere}, year = {1979}, keywords = {chile, chronology, date, dendrochronology, south america, southern hemisphere, tree ring}, author = {LaMarche, V.C. and Holmes, R.L. and Dunwiddie, P.W. and Drew, L.G.} } @book {819, title = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere 3. New Zealand}, series = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere}, year = {1979}, publisher = {The Tree Ring Laboratory}, organization = {The Tree Ring Laboratory}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {chronologies, date, dendrochronology, new zealand, southern hemisphere}, author = {LaMarche, V.C. and Holmes, R.L. and Dunwiddie, P.W. and Drew, L.G.} } @book {823, title = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere 5. South Africa}, series = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere}, year = {1979}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {africa, chronology, date, dendrochronology, south africa, southern hemisphere, tree ring}, author = {LaMarche, V.C. and Holmes, R.L. and Dunwiddie, P.W. and Drew, L.G.} } @mastersthesis {536, title = {Within-and between Tree Variation in Ceratin Properties of Annual Rings of Sessile Oak, Quercus (Mattuschka) Liebl. As A Source of Dendrochronological Information}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1979}, school = {Liverpool Polytechnic}, author = {Milsom, Stephen John} } @article {748, title = {Analysis of Tree Rings and Climatic Changes}, year = {1978}, keywords = {changes, climate, dendrochronology, environment, tree rings}, author = {unknown} } @mastersthesis {576, title = {Contribution Dendroclimatique A L{\textquoteright}etude Du Peuplement Forester Des Environs Des Chalets De L{\textquoteright}Orgere (Savoie)}, volume = {MS}, year = {1978}, school = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Aix-Marseille III}, author = {Tessier, Lucien} } @book {875, title = {Expanded Tree-Ring Chronologies for the Southwestern United States}, series = {Chronology Series III}, year = {1978}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, chronologies, dendrochronology, southwest, southwestern, tree ring, united states}, author = {Dean, Jeffrey S. and Robinson, William J.} } @article {792, title = {The Infatigable Astronomer}, journal = {The Journal of Arizona History}, year = {1978}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, publisher = {The Arizona Historical Society}, edition = {Summer 1978}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Arizona, astronomy, biography, Douglass, historic}, author = {Webb, G.E.} } @article {773, title = {Mitteilungen der Ddeutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft}, year = {1978}, note = {This publication is available in the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {dendrochronology}, author = {Bartels, H. and Scheller, H. and Schroeder, F. and Seehan, G. and Bartels, A.} } @mastersthesis {481, title = {The Natural Growth Records of Reef Building Corals}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1978}, school = {Yale University}, abstract = {Through analysis of hermatypic coral incremental growth features, it is possible to determine the response of recent corals to their environments. In this way I have attempted to obtain a tool not only to gain knowledge of recent growth processes but also for reconstructing aspects of past environment conditions associated with fossil coral growth. The procedure has been first to determine time relationships and characteristics of coral skeletal density bands and to next use banding for investigations into areal growth rate patterns, coral population age distributions, and coral-climate interactions. Density band couplets, visible X-radiographically in medial sections of coral skeletons, are demonstrated to be formed annually for the corals Diploria labyrinthiformis from Bermuda...}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=761465121\&sid=2\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Dodge, Richard Eugene} } @mastersthesis {501, title = {Spectral Analysis of Synoptic Scale Disturbances Over the Marshall Islands Region}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1978}, school = {University of Missouri-Columbia}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=749229231\&sid=1\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Gordon, Geoffrey Author} } @mastersthesis {714, title = {A statistical analysis of activity organization: Grasshopper Pueblo, Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1978}, school = {University of Arizona}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=759315121\&sid=28\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Richard Ciolek-Torrello} } @article {760, title = {Tree Ring Chronology}, volume = {272}, year = {1978}, keywords = {chronology, dates, dating, dendrochronology, tree ring}, author = {Moore, Peter} } @book {838, title = {Tree-Ring Chronologies of Eastern North America}, series = {Chronology Series IV}, volume = {1}, year = {1978}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {chronologies, chronology, date, dendrochronology, eastern, north america, tree ring, tree-ring}, author = {Dewitt, E. and Ames, Martha Hyde} } @mastersthesis {567, title = {Tree-Ring Dating of Selected Arkansas Log Buildings}, volume = {MA}, year = {1978}, school = {University of Arkansas}, author = {Stahle, David W.} } @article {768, title = {Tree-ring evidence of past climatic variability}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {276}, year = {1978}, note = {

Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the lab for more information.

}, keywords = {ancient, climate, environment, paleoclimatology, past, record, tree ring}, author = {LaMarche, V.C.} } @mastersthesis {552, title = {An Analysis of Radial Growth of Chestnut Oak and Pitch Pine}, volume = {MS}, year = {1977}, school = {Virginia Polytech Institute and State University}, keywords = {Forestry and Forest Products}, author = {Rauscher, Harald M.} } @article {749, title = {Climatic Information from Analysis of Cellulose Lignin and Whole Wood from Tree Rings}, volume = {270}, year = {1977}, note = {Copies of this are available from the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {analysis, cellulose, climate, dendrochronology, lignin, tree ring, tree rings}, author = {unknown} } @article {878, title = {Dendroclimatic Variability in the American Southwest A.D. 680 to 1970}, year = {1977}, month = {03/1977}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, department, interior, national park service, paleoclimate, report, southwest, tree ring, variability}, author = {Dean, Jeffrey S. and Robinson, William J.} } @mastersthesis {716, title = {An ecological model of trade: Prehistoric economic change in the northern Rio Grande region of New Mexico}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1977}, school = {University of Arizona}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=759276391\&sid=29\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Gordon Bronitsky} } @article {766, title = {Freshwater Fish-A Global Food Potential}, journal = {AMBIO}, year = {1977}, keywords = {acidification, environment, eutrophication, fish, food, freshwater, global food production, industrial waste, limiting factors, pollution}, author = {Gerking, Shelby D.} } @article {764, title = {History of Droughts in Washington State}, year = {1977}, keywords = {climate, droughts, environment, historic, history, washington, water}, author = {Governors Ad Hoc Executive Water Emergency Committee Staff} } @mastersthesis {593, title = {Kaibab Deer and Dendrochronology: Relating Climate, Trophic Structure, and Succession}, volume = {MS}, year = {1977}, school = {Arizona State University}, author = {Young, Craig} } @article {763, title = {Tree Rings A Record of Climate Past}, year = {1977}, note = {

Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, publisher = {U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Environmental Data Service}, address = {Washington, D.C. }, keywords = {climate, climatology, dendrochronology, environment, tree rings}, author = {Fritts, H.} } @article {767, title = {Climatic Information from Ratios of Cellulose in Tree Rings}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {262}, year = {1976}, keywords = {18 isotope, cellulose, climate, environment, O, oxygen, paleoclimatology, ratios, tree rings}, author = {Gray, John and Thompson, Peter} } @mastersthesis {472, title = {Densitometric Studies of the Wood of Young Coastal Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco).}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1976}, school = {University of British Colombia}, url = {https://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/20225}, author = {Cown, David John} } @mastersthesis {527, title = {The Effects of Fertilization on Diameter Growth in Dense Stands of Ponderosa Pine in Arizona}, volume = {MS}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {In 1961, fifty 1/5-acre plots were established near Blue Mountain in Arizona by Professor R.F. Wagle for the purpose of testing a selected group of fertilizers, a herbicide and a growth hormone in overcoming stagnation in Ponderosa pine stands. Thirteen treatments were applied at random on the plots. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, fenuron, gibberellic acid, along with a select group of microelements were applied on the plots. Tree growth was measured at the end of each growing season by use of a dendrometer or growth band. The growth band measured circumference growth to 0.01 inches. Diameter measuements were made in 1961 and 1973 using a diameter tape. Diameter measurements were estimated to 0.01 inches. The data were analyzed using Student-Newman-Kuels{\textquoteright} test. The analyses were performed at the 95\% confidence level. The results indicated that stagnation cannot be broken using fertilizers without thinning when the stand and site characteristics of the type present in this study exist.}, author = {Leech, George R.} } @mastersthesis {463, title = {Geophysics Education in North America}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Arizona}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=760459481\&sid=8\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Cathey, Everett Henry} } @book {824, title = {A Guide to Measuring Tree Ring Widths}, year = {1976}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {dendrochronology, guide, how to, measure, measurement, tree ring, width}, author = {Burns, James M.} } @mastersthesis {484, title = {Past Air-sea Interactions Over the Eastern North Pacific Ocean as Revealed by Tree-Ring Data}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Analyses are made of sea surface temperature (SST) data and tree-ring data from Southern California. Multiple linear regression analyses of the two sets of data indicate that SST data for Port Heuneme, Balboa, and La Jolla can be reconstructed using tree-ring data from five tree-ring sites in Southern California. Prediction equations were obtained from the analyses, and 23\% to 63\% of the year-to-year variance in seasonal SST were explained, with the highest percentages for the spring and summer equations. The reconstructed SST data are believed to be a conservative estimate of past SST anomalies, but independent data suggest the predictions are qualitatively accurate. An analysis was made of possible air-sea interactions using the reconstructed SST data which begin in 1611. The reconstructed SST data suggest that at times during the decades of 1610,1680, 1770, 1830, and 1850, sea surface temperatures may have been 20 C or 30 C warmer than the present averages. At times during the decades of 1640, 1710, and 1880, sea surface temperatures may have been 20 C or 30 cooler than the present averages. An analysis presented indicates that these reconstructed SST data for coastal Southern California may reflective of broad scale SST anomalies in the eastern North Pacific, and thus, the uses of the reconstructed data need not be limited to local problems along the coast of Southern California.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=760943281\&sid=5\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Douglas, Arthur Vern} } @mastersthesis {586, title = {Relationships Among Climate, Tree-Ring Widths and Grass Production on the Santa Rita Experimental Range}, volume = {MS}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A relationship between tree-ring widths from a site in the Santa Rita mountains and yearly perennial grass production on pasture 1 of the Santa Rita Experimental Range is investigated{\textellipsis}}, author = {Winter, C. Larrabee} } @mastersthesis {717, title = {Socioeconomic organization at Moche V Pampa Grande, Peru: Prelude to a major transformation to come}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Arizona}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=758529171\&sid=30\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Izumi Shimada} } @mastersthesis {470, title = {A Tree Ring Analysis of Four Tree Species Growing in Southeastern New York State}, volume = {MS}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Arizona}, author = {Cook, Edward Roger} } @mastersthesis {499, title = {Wilderness Ecology: The Danaher Creek Drainage, Bob Marshall Wilderness, Montana}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Montana}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=760480581\&sid=1\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Gabriel III, Herman W.} } @article {776, title = {Beobachtungen zum Mechanisums und zu den Auswirkungen con Kalbungen am Grubengletscher}, year = {1975}, note = {This publication is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {climatology}, author = {Haeberli, Von and Rothlisberger, H.} } @mastersthesis {517, title = {Climatic Change in the North Sea Region}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1975}, school = {University of East Anglia}, author = {Kelly, P. Michael} } @mastersthesis {554, title = {Contributions Pollen Analytique A L{\textquoteright}Histoire Tardiglaciaire Et Holocene De La Vegetation De La Montagne Corse}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1975}, school = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Aix-Marseille III}, author = {Reille, Maurice} } @mastersthesis {466, title = {Dendroclimatic Relationships of Shortleaf Pine (Pinus Echinat Mill.) in the South Carolina Piedmont}, volume = {MS}, year = {1975}, school = {Clemson University}, abstract = {An investigaiton was made of the dendrochronolical and dendroclimatic properties of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) in the western South Carolina Piedmont. Accurate dating of each annual ring was achieved by matching patterns of relatively narrow rings in the trees. Earlywood, latewood, and total annual radial growth were measured. To minimize non-climatic sources of radial growth variation, such as stand disturbance, and make different samples comparable, a computer program fitted an orthogonal polynomial curve to each series of measurements. Values for each year were divided by the curve value for that year. The resulting series were averaged to produce earlywood, latewood, and annual growth final chronologies with means of 1.0 and variances independent of age or mean growth of the trees. High resolution x-radiographs were made of the samples with the moving slit technique and intra-annual density variations were plotted by a scanning optical microdensitometer. Minimum earlywood and maximum latewood densities were measured. A regression line was...}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=754053131\&sid=1\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Cleaveland, Malcolm} } @mastersthesis {582, title = {The Historical Potential of Snowfall as a Water Resources in Arizona}, volume = {MS}, year = {1975}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {{\textellipsis}Tree-ring chronologies from the San Francisco Mountains and White Mountains region of central Arizona where used to reconstruct past annual snowfall water equivalents for up to the last 500 years{\textellipsis}}, keywords = {Watershed Management}, author = {Tunnicliff, Brock Matthew} } @mastersthesis {452, title = {Methods for Analyzing Climatic Variations in the North Pacific Sector and Western North America for the Last Few Centuries}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1975}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, abstract = {The investigation of summer and winter climatic variations in the North Pacific sector and western North America during the last few centuries is the subject of this study. Tree ring widths from western North America are used as indicators of the past climate. It is shown that large scale spatial patterns of temperature and precipitation anomaly which are in turn related to large scale spatial patterns of pressure anomaly, i.e., to the general circulation. A spatial correlation method is chosen to identify and describe the major types of general circulation, as reflected in anomaly patterns of sea-level pressure, during the 20th Century. Five such anomaly type-patterns are identified for summer and four for winter. These are each associated with an assemblage of generalized weather patterns and a corresponding pattern of temperature and precipitation anomaly in the United States, as well as with a spatial anomaly pattern of tree ring widths from 49 sites over western North America. The occurrence of one of these ring width patterns for some year in the past is suggestive of the corresponding occurrence of the associated climatic anomaly type. Orthogonal eigenvector techniques are then selected for use in the development of a statistical model to estimate departure patterns of sea-level pressure using the ring width departures as predictor data. The model is first calibrated using available pressure data since 1899. The model is then applied to estimate winter pressure departure patterns since 1700 A.D. As a means of summarizing these climatic reconstructions, the estimated pressure departure pattern for each winter is compared with each of the type-patterns using correlation coefficients as a measure of comparison. The time series of correlation coefficients between a type-pattern and each winter{\textquoteright}s estimate departure pattern provides an indicator of the occurrence, or non occurrence, of the corresponding anomaly type through time. Graphs of the time series of correlation coefficients corresponding to each of the four type-patterns are presented as indicators of reconstructed winter climatic variations for approximately the last two and one-half centuries. If an estimated pressure departure pattern is highly correlated with one of the type-patterns, the simultaneous occurrences of the temperature and precipitation anomalies associated with 20th Century occurrences of that pressure type-pattern are implicitly specific. These implicit estimates of temperature and precipitation anomaly are then independently verified using available data for the United States from the last half of the 19th Century. The climatic reconstructions are in good agreement with the recorded data and are found to complement and augment the findings of other investigators.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=760425931\&sid=12\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Blasing, Terrence Jack} } @mastersthesis {513, title = {The Response of Flooding in the Upper Mississippi Valley to Twentieth Century Climatic Fluctuations 1925-1969}, volume = {MS}, year = {1975}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, author = {Hirschboeck, K.} } @book {624, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona H-I Flagstaff Area}, year = {1975}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dates, dendrochronology, Flagstaff, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Harrill, Bruce G. and Warren, Richard L.} } @book {617, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Colorado W Durango Area}, year = {1975}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, colorado, date, dendrochronology, durango, tree ring}, author = {Dean, Jeffrey S.} } @article {921, title = {Analysis of Bitterbrush Stems from Mt. Hebron, California}, year = {1974}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {bitterbrush, california, cross date, dendrochronology, mt hebron, purshia tridentata, tree ring}, author = {Harlan, T.P.} } @mastersthesis {518, title = {The Dynamics of Western Navajo Settlement, A.D. 1750-1900: An Archaeological and Dendrochronological Analysis}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1974}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Site reports from the Navajo Land Claim archaeological survey, supplemented with survey information from the Long House Valley, northeastern Arizona, were used in the analysis of Navajo settlement within the 1882 executive Order Hopi Reservation and its immediate environs. Dated pinyon pine (Pinus edlis) tree-ring samples from Navajo sites, informant dating, and dated historic artifacts provided the time controls for the A.D. 1750-1900 study period.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=756376671\&sid=6\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Kemrer, Meade Francis} } @mastersthesis {587, title = {Paleoecology and the Prehistoric Maya: A History of Man-Land Relationships in the Tropics}, volume = {MS}, year = {1974}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A series of modern soil samples were collected in lowland Guatemalan rainforest, savannah, milpa, and lakeside association or pollen analysis{\textellipsis}}, keywords = {Geoscience}, author = {Wiseman, Fredrick Matthew} } @article {928, title = {Reconstruction of Past Climatic Variability (A Progress Report) 1 January through 30 June 1974}, year = {1974}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Fourth Semi-Annual Technical Report}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {ARPA, climatic variability, dendroclimatology, past climate, reconstruction, tree rings}, author = {Fritts, H.} } @article {929, title = {Reconstruction of Past Climatic Variability (A Progress Report) 30 June through 31 December 1974}, year = {1974}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Fifth Semi-Annual Technical Report}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {ARPA, climatic variability, dendroclimatology, past climate, reconstruction, tree rings}, author = {Fritts, H.} } @mastersthesis {455, title = {Secular Changes of Precipitation in the Rocky Mountains and Adjacent Western States}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1974}, school = {University of Boulder}, keywords = {Meterology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=758390521\&sid=2\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Bradley, Raymond S.} } @book {623, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Colorado V Mesa Verde Area}, year = {1974}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {colorado, date, dendrochronology, mesa verde, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Harrill, Bruce G.} } @book {622, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico B Chaco-Gobernador Area}, year = {1974}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Chaco, date, dendrochronology, Gobernador, new mexico, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Harrill, Bruce G. and Warren, Richard L.} } @mastersthesis {562, title = {Contributions A L{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude Dendroclimatologique du pin D{\textquoteright}Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.)}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1973}, school = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Aix-Marseille III}, author = {Serre, Francoise} } @mastersthesis {445, title = {A Dendrochronological Study in Ireland with Reference to the Dating of Medieval and Post Medieval Timbers}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1973}, school = {Queen{\textquoteright}s University of Belfast}, author = {Baillie, Michael George Lockhart} } @article {774, title = {Die Basis Temperatur der Winterlichen Schneedeckeals Moglicher Indikator fur Die Verbreitung con Permafrost in den Alpen}, year = {1973}, note = {This publication is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {alpine, climatology, dendrochronology, environment, permafrost, temperature}, author = {Haeberli, Von} } @mastersthesis {485, title = {Effects of Light Preconditioning on the Seasonal Water Relations of Nursery-Grown Douglas-Fir}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1973}, school = {Oregon State University}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=759152371\&sid=7\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Drew, Allan P.} } @mastersthesis {594, title = {A Neoglacial Pollen Record from Osgood Swamp, California}, volume = {MS}, year = {1973}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A core from Osgood Swamp, California, which is located south of Lake Tahoe, in the Sierra Nevada, was analyzed every odd centimeter to depth of 61 cm. The Hypsithermal to Neoglacial transition occurs in the 51 to 49 cm interval. Pinus shows four distinct peaks and troughs, varying more than the other pollen types in the core. The Ericaceae show two distinct peaks accompanying the Pinus lows. Pollen analytical and ecological considerations indicate that bog heaths are the source of the Ericaceous record. The Ericaceae peaks are believed to represent periods of moist coldness corresponding to Neoglacial events in the Sierra Nevada. Correlation of an ash layer at 180 cm, immediately above a radio carbon date of 699 {\textpm} 300 B.P. with an ash layer at 170 cm in my core, and other considerations, give an inferred sedimentation rate of about 47 yr/cm in my core. This places the Ericaceae peaks at about 100 A.D. and 1630 A.D., and the Hypsithermal to Neoglacial transition in Osgood Swamp at about 2400 B.P.}, author = {Zauderer, Jeffrey Norman} } @booklet {759, title = {Paleoclimatology}, year = {1973}, keywords = {ancient, climate, dendrochronology, environment, paleoclimatology, tree rings}, author = {Fritts, H.} } @mastersthesis {483, title = {Past Air-sea Interactions off Southern California as Revealed by Coastal Tree-Ring Chronologies}, volume = {MS}, year = {1973}, school = {University of Arizona}, author = {Douglas, Arthur Vern} } @mastersthesis {492, title = {Some Relationships Between Glaciers and Climate in Alaska}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1973}, school = {University of Alaska}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=760346601\&sid=12\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Fahl, Charles Byron} } @mastersthesis {449, title = {Theorie Astronomique des Paleoclimats, Volume I \& Volume II}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1973}, school = {Universit{\'e} catholique de Louvain}, author = {Berger, Andre L.} } @book {621, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico J-K,P,V Santa Fe-Pecos-Lincoln Area}, year = {1973}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dendrochronology, Lincoln, new mexico, Pecos, Santa Fe, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Harrill, Bruce G. and Warren, Richard L.} } @mastersthesis {453, title = {Tree-Ring Dating of the Bald Cypress (Taxodium Distichum [L] Rich.) in the Lower Mississippi Valley}, volume = {MS}, year = {1973}, school = {Arkansas State University}, abstract = {The purpose of this study is to determine if bald cypress (Taxodium distichum [L] Rich.) can be used satisfactorily for tree ring dating and, if so, to establish a master tree ring chronology for the area referred to as the {\textquotedblleft}sunk lands.{\textquotedblright} (no abstract provided, taken from introduction p.1)}, author = {Bowers, Lynne Jordan} } @mastersthesis {537, title = {An Analysis of Periglacial Climatic Indicators of Late Glacial Time in North America}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1972}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, keywords = {Meterology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=759016511\&sid=7\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Moran, Joseph Micheal} } @mastersthesis {561, title = {Bristlecone Pine (Pinus Longaeva) in Relation to Environmental Factors and Soil Properties in East-Central Nevada}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1972}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The study was made of tree and stand characteristics of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva Bailey) as they relate to the environmental factors and soil properties in east-central Nevada. The pine sites studied were located on comparatively dry, rocky, exposed mountain slopes in the 9,000-to 11,000-feet elevation zone. The tree-growth characteristics studied were height, diameter, live bark index, percent of live crown, and two tree-ring parameters: mean ring width and mean sensitivity. Stand characteristics measured were basal area cover, density, and tree-spacing. Associated vegetation was identified and inventoried. Environmental factors and soil properties measured were percent slope, exposure, soil parent material, stone content, soil pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, and clay. Bristlecone pine was found on two geologic substrates in the study areas{\textemdash}quartzite glacial moraine and limestone. The two substrates are similar in that they both appear to be excessively well drained because of high porosity of the geologic materials. Bristlecone was lacking on the sites underlain by quartzite bedrock except for isolated trees on exposed outcrops. Bristlecone pine often constitutes only a small percentage of the total cover on the more favorable sites within its tolerance range. On such sites limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) and Engelmann spruce (Picea Engelmanni Parry) generally dominate the stands. Bristlecone pine{\textquoteright}s subordinate status on sites where growing conditions are relatively good (and stands are denser) is perhaps indicative of the species{\textquoteright} intolerance of shade. On the more adverse sites bristlecone pine often forms essentially pure, although sparse, stands. Regression analyses (both simple and multiple) and analyses of variance revealed that tree growth, as measured by mean ring width and tree height, was better on sites where moisture conditions were favorable, e.g., on north and east exposures as opposed to south and west exposures, and where soils were high in organic carbon, nitrogen, and clay. Year to year variability in growth, as measured by mean sensitivity, was greatest on sites with steep south- or west-facing slopes where soils were lowest in nitrogen, organic carbon, and clay, and highest in stone content. These results indicate that tree-growth on these adverse sites appears to reflect climatic fluctuations more so than trees on the relatively good sites. Leaf water potential of bristlecone pine and associated plants was measured both in the field and under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Results indicate that bristlecone pine apparently has the capacity to withstand high internal water stress in comparison to other non-desert conifers. Furthermore, the trees appear to be able to maintain lower leaf-water stress than some associated plants growing under similar conditions. These features may account in part for bristlecone pine{\textquoteright}s dominance on the harsher sites.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy1.library.arizona.edu/pqdweb?did=760211211\&sid=4\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Beasley Roy Scott} } @mastersthesis {525, title = {The Climate of the Great American Desert}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1972}, school = {Clark University}, keywords = {Geography}, author = {Lawson, Merlin P.} } @mastersthesis {442, title = {Las Trampas, New Mexico: Dendrochronology of a Spanish Colonial Church}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1972}, pages = {77}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Wooden beams and planks from the Spanish Colonial church and other structures in Las Trampas, north-central New Mexico, have been sampled and dated by dendrochronology. Dates of AD 1735 imply Spanish occupation of the area 16 years prior to official grant. Stockpiling of timber for church construction began as early as 1758. Exterior walls were 15 feet high by 1762 and were completed to roof level by 1764. Late in 1776, wood was cut for a dust-guard over the adobe altar and mural. According to clustering of tree-ring dates, a new altar and wooden altar screen were constructed soon after 1785.

Beam re-use was prevalent. Timbers bearing early dates were incorporated into the 1785 altar screen, indicating re-use from within the church of from other pre-1760 structures. A roof viga was later used as a floor plank after reroofing. In domestic buildings, re-use of beams is repeated.

Replacement of beams supporting the balcony was made in the 1860\’s and 1870\’s. Tree-ring dates indicate repairs again in the 1930\’s and 1943.

A survey of the literature pertaining to dendrochronology of historical sites revealed that shaping of beams and lack of thorough sampling have heretofore hindered successful application. The documentary record of Las Trampas art and architectural history has been further refined by tree-ring dating, and the study reaffirms the potentials for historical sites dendrochronology.

}, keywords = {altar, Architecture, art, church, dendrochronology, Geochronology, Geoscience, history, las trampas, new mexico, spanish colonial, timber, tree ring}, author = {Ames, Martha Hyde} } @article {754, title = {A Little Game of Rings and Things}, year = {1972}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {tree rings{\textquoteright},}, author = {Jueneman, Frederic A.} } @mastersthesis {529, title = {A Theoretical Investigation of the Evolution of a Cloud Droplet Population as Determined by Collision and Coalescence}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1972}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Droplet growth by collision and coalescence is important in the development of precipitation in convective clouds. Adequate consideration of these processes in theoretical cloud models requires knowing their effect on the spectral distribution function n(x,t)dx giving the mean number density of droplets with radii or volume in the interval x to x + dx at time t. Presently, n(x,t) is obtained by numerically solving either a stochastic transport equation for n(x,t), know as the coalescence or collection equation, or an approximation to it. Either technique is computationally time-consuming when placed in the larger context of two- or three- dimensional cloud models incorporating microphysical processes. This dissertation is a partial contribution toward a parametric description of n(x,t) designed to simplify the evaluation of n(x,t) and permit the ready incorporation of collection effects into cloud models. A parametruc description of n(x,t) is viewed here as a function of x and t containing...}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=760225941\&sid=2\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Long, Alexis Boris} } @book {620, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico I,O,U Central Rio Grande Area}, year = {1972}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, date, dendrochronology, new mexico, rio grande area, tree rings}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Hannah, John W. and Harrill, Bruce G.} } @mastersthesis {482, title = {Analysis of the Winter Climatic Pattern at the Time of the Mycenaean Decline}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1971}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=761858411\&sid=4\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Donley, David Lee} } @mastersthesis {555, title = {An Assessment of the Role of Volcanic Dust in Determining Modern Changes in the Temperature of the Northern Hemisphere}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1971}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, keywords = {Meterology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=756913801\&sid=8\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Reitan, Clayton Harold} } @mastersthesis {584, title = {Dating the Temporal Limits of Climatic Episodes During the Holocene}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1971}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, keywords = {Meterology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=758273691\&sid=8\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Wendland, Wayne Marcel} } @mastersthesis {569, title = {The Feasibility of Augmenting Hydrologic Records using Tree-Ring Data}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1971}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Two catchments of diverse hydrologic character were chosen in which to test the hypothesis that tree-ring indices contain information about runoff that is of pertinent interest to the hydrologist\…[Bright Angel Creek basin, Arizona and Upper San Francisco River basin, Arizona/New Mexico]

}, keywords = {Hydrology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=760166291\&sid=14\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Stockton, C.} } @article {777, title = {Tree Rings, Glacial Advance, And Climate in The Alps}, journal = {Zeitschrift fur Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie}, volume = {VII}, year = {1971}, note = {

Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information.

}, abstract = {

Ring-width variations in stone pine near upper treeline in the Alps show a high negative correlation with the percentage of advancing glaciers in Austria and Switzerland. The relationship is due to the similarity of climatic models for tree growth and the glacial mass budget. Tree-ring fluctuations during the period 1800-1889, prior to the compilation of glacial statistics show good agreement with historical glacial advances and periods of low summer temperatures, especially around 1820-1855. Tree-ring studies could assist in reconstructing the glacial and climatic history of the Alps, possibly for a period of 1,000 years or more.

}, keywords = {alps, austria, climatology, environment, glacial advance, glaciers, Switzerland, tree ring}, author = {LaMarche, V.C. and Fritts, H.} } @book {614, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona U-W Gila-Salt Rivers Area}, year = {1971}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {dates, dendrochronology, Gila river, southwest, tree rings}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Robinson, William J.} } @book {625, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico C-D Northern Rio Grande Area}, year = {1971}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, date, dendrochronology, new mexico, rio grande, tree ring} } @mastersthesis {440, title = {Some Palynological Applications of Multivariate Statistics}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1970}, school = {University of Arizona}, keywords = {Geochronology}, author = {Adam, David Peter} } @book {616, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico A,G-H Shiprock-Zuni-Mt. Taylor Area}, year = {1970}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dendrochronology, mt taylor, new mexico, shiprock, southwest, tree ring, zuni}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Robinson, William J. and Warren, Richard L.} } @book {613, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico M-N,S,Z Southwestern New Mexico Area}, year = {1970}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dating, dendrochronology, new mexico, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Hannah, John W. and Robinson, William J.} } @mastersthesis {491, title = {The Dendrochronology of Three Tree Species in the Central Mississippi Valley}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1969}, school = {Southern Illinois University}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=755447421\&sid=11\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Estes, Eugene Todd} } @book {610, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Utah S-W Southern Utah Area}, year = {1969}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {dendrochronology, southern utah area, southwest tree ring dates, tree ring dates}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Dean, Jeffrey S. and Robinson, William J.} } @mastersthesis {460, title = {Variation in Transpiration and its Relationship with Growth for Pinus Ponderosa Lawson in Southern Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The climate, water loss, and certain aspects of growth in semiarid-site ponderosa pine were measured from 1 February 1966 to 10 March 1967 to determine the environmental relationships governing transpiration, internal water balance, and tracheid production. Water loss from branches and from entire trees was measured by means of polyethylene enclosures. Changes in internal water status of the tree were ascertained from seasonal trends in loss of water from branches and diurnal as well as seasonal changes in the radius of the bole. The elongation of branches and needles, and the production of tracheids and their size and wall thickness were related to the coincident internal water status of the tree. The branch enclosure technique was found to be a convenient method by which the water loss process could be studied. The seasonal changes in transpiration undoubtedly were influenced by the elevated temperatures that developed within the enclosure during the day. However, the elevated temperatures did not appear to adversely influence branch and needle elongation within the chamber. Warm air temperatures and low soil moisture during June and early July increased internal water stress, reduced daytime water loss, and reduced elongation of branches and needles. Fewer tracheida were produced in the upper bole. They were small and had thick walls. Moisture from rains in July replenished soil moisture and larger, thin walled tracheids were differentiated so that the intra-annular band of small, thick-walled cells became apparent. Gradual shrinkage of the upper bole in June implied that the above changes in growth were due to changes in internal water deficits. There were no marked changes in tracheid sizes and wall thickness in the lower hole during 1966. Intra-annular bands of narrow, thick-walled tarcheids occurred three times during the last 10 years in the upper bole and only times in the last 50 years in the lower bole. Graphical analysis showed that midday reductions in rates of transpiration during periods of low soil moisture and high air temperatures occurred in spite of steepening water vapor gradients and before stomates were closed. This evidence supports the hypothesis that reductions in water loss during midday may result directly from internal water deficits. Soil moisture, air temperature, and incident radiation appeared to influence transpiration by alerting the availability of water, the vapor pressure gradient, and the energy available for evaporation.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=755441531\&sid=6\&Fmt=1\&clientld=43922\&RQT=309\&Vname=PQD}, author = {Budelsky, Carl A.} } @article {751, title = {Bristlecone Pine Science and Esthetics}, year = {1968}, note = {Copies of this are available from the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, chronology, esthetics, science, tree ring}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @article {935, title = {Interim Progress Report Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1968}, month = {06/1968}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Interim Progress Report}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, california, dendrochronology, NSF, pinus aristata, progress report, radiocarbon, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @mastersthesis {458, title = {The Photosynthetic Regime of Some Southern Arizona Ponderosa Pine}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1968}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The climate and CO2 exchange rates of some semi-arid site ponderosa pine were measured over a four-year period. Upper crown branches were placed in polyethylene enclosures and the CO2 exchange measured by an infrared gas analyser. These enclosures had little effect upon the natural environment, except through the maintenance of a constant wind speed. In this study the wind speed was low. Needle temperatures of unenclosed seedlings departed significantly from air temperature, and daytime needle temperatures of an enclosed seedling were similar to those of unenclosed seedling in low wind conditions. Nighttime needle temperatures of the enclosed seedling were lower than those of enclosed seedlings. An energy balance analysis was successfully applied to the needle temperature measurements of enclosed seedlings. When applied to enclosed seedlings this analysis sowed a considerable decrease in the amount of radiant energy transmitted by the polyethylene, primarily due to the reflection of 13\% of the long wave radiation. The absorption by the seedling of emitted long wave radiation reflected by the enclosing polyethylene made it impossible to accurately predict the needle temperature of enclosed branches. A distinct, climatically influenced annual CO2 exchange regime was found with high rates of net CO2 absorption during non-freezing winter periods, and with low net CO2 absorption or net CO2 evolution during the hot, dry summer. With favorable environmental conditions high rates of net CO2 absorption were also measured during the spring and autumn seasons. Distinct daily regimes of CO2 exchange were found associated with specific environmental conditions. The measurements of CO2 exchange obtained from the enclosed branch were confirmed as representative by occasional enclosure and monitoring of the entire tree.}, keywords = {Botany}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=756120291\&sid=2\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Brown, James Milton} } @article {771, title = {Tree Ring Indices and Statistics}, volume = {160}, year = {1968}, keywords = {Haugen, indices, Statistics, tree ring}, author = {Stage, Albert} } @book {607, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona C-D Eastern Grand Canyon-Tsegi Canyon-Kayenta Area}, series = {Tree-Ring Dates}, year = {1968}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {dendrochronology, tree ring dates}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Dean, Jeffrey S. and Robinson, William J.} } @mastersthesis {583, title = {Tree-Ring Dating and Archaeology in South Dakota}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1968}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {In 1964 a study of the feasibility of applying the methods of tree-ring research to wood collected in South Dakota was undertaken by the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona{\textellipsis}}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=757411981\&sid=5\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Weakly, Ward Fredrick} } @article {936, title = {Tree-Ring Growth in High-Altitude Bristlecone Pine as Related to Meteorological Factors: Research Proposal}, year = {1968}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Research Proposal}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Important climatic information may be contained in long tree-ring records from the upper treeline of mid-latitude mountains. Preliminary work and the results of related research suggest that the variation in annual ring-width series from bristlecone pine (P. aristata) at the upper treeline is related to year-to-year differences in the temperature regime, in contrast to the \"drought sensitivity\" of this species near the lower forest border. Therefore, the establishment of a quantitative relationship between meterological factors and tree-ring growth at the upper treeline may permit the extension of temperature records, ad would provide an additional tool for evaluating certain environmental characteristics of remote, high-mountain regions. Direct comparison of tree-ring chronologies from \"drought-sensitive\" conifers at the lower forest border with those from \"cold-sensitive\" trees at the nearby upper treeline might also lead to the separation of precipitation and temperature effects in paleoclimatic reconstruction.

The basic approach involves the empirical comparison of tree-ring chronologies with concurrent meteorological time series in a few areas in the western United States, selected for the proximity of a bristlecone pine treeline to one or more high altitude weather stations. A number of replicated tree-ring samples will be dated, measured, standardized, and evaluated to form the basic tree-ring chronologies. testing the association between the ring-widths and meteorological factors will proceed through the development of progressively refined empirical models. Consistency with available biological data will serve as a general guide in the development of a meaningful model.

}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, cold sensitive, dendroclimatology, drought sensitive, high altitude, meteorological, NSF, pinus aristata, precipitation, temperature, tree ring}, author = {LaMarche, Valmore C.} } @mastersthesis {443, title = {An Aid to Help Park Naturalists to Acquaint Visitors with the Subalpine-Alpine Ecotone of Wesern North America}, volume = {MF}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Montana}, abstract = {This paper attempts to survey timberlines of western North America in a manner primarily designed to serve public interpreters of natural history, such as park naturalists. Hopefully, this broad discussion of the timeberlines will also be of interest to biologists and some members of the public. Much of the discussions is based upon personal observation of timeberlines...(no abstract provided, passage taken from introduction p.2)}, keywords = {Forestry}, author = {Arno, Stephan F.} } @mastersthesis {479, title = {Chronological Analysis of Tsegi Phase Sites in Northeastern Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Dendrochronology provides two basic types of information useful for archaeological interpretation: chronological-archaeological and nonchronological. The former derives from the assignment of absolute dates of prehistoric remains through the use of techniques of dendrochronological analysis. Nonchronological information of two types, cultural-historical and environmental, may be derived from archaeological tree-ring collections. Cultural-historical information involves the recognition of unique historic events and the identification of certain cultural practices, such as the stockpiling or reuse of timbers. Recoverable environmental data include the prehistoric distributions of various species of tree and paleoclimatic reconstructions derived from dendroclimatic analyses. Most archaeological use of dendrochronological data has emphasized the chronological-archaeological aspect. This orientation produced a large number of absolutely dated sites that have been compared with one another to isolate contemporaneous regional variation and to study the processes and rates of culture change. However, the nonchronological aspects of the data have been neglected, and the full potential of dendrochronology for archaeological interpretation has rarely been achieved. This paper present the results of several experiments designed to explore and illuminate the contributions made by dendrochronological analyses to archaeological interpretation. Two \“cliff dwellings\” in the Tsegi Canyon of northeastern Arizona were selected for this experiment, primarily because their large size and excellent preservation guaranteed the existence of many in situ timbers. Classificatorally, Betatakin and Kiet Siel are contemporaneous and are assigned to the Tsegi Phase, dated between 1200 and 1300. Attempts were made to sample every suitable timber in these sites. When combined with earlier collections, total samples of 292 specimens from Betatakin and 540 specimens from Kiet Siel are available for laboratory analysis. These collections are augmented by comprehensive notes on the provenience and condition of each timber and by detailed architectural data. Intensive analyses of the tree-ring dates, the species assemblages, the nature of the terminal rings, and the prehistoric utilization of timbers provide a body of data fundamental to a number of inferences. These inferences concern the chronology and internal development of each site; the processes by which the villages were founded, peopled, and abandoned; the social organization of the villages; a number of cultural practices ranging from the structural use of dead wood to the stockpiling of timbers for future use; and changes in the environments of the sites. The isolation of several significant differences between these sites is relevant to the consideration of the dynamics of intro-phase cultural variability. Eighty-seven dates and less detailed archaeological information from 11 other Tsegi Phase sites supplement the data from Betatikin and Kiet Siel and provide a basis for a consideration of the phase as a whole. The beginning date of the phase is revised upward from 1200-1250, while the terminal date of 1300 is not changed. In the 50 years between 1250 and 1300, about 700 people moved into Tsegi Canyon, established a number of villages, and departed. These people generally moved in extended family households, although a large village group occasionally traveled in a unit. The problems of integrating the mobile population into large villages wee met in a way that produced a village organization like that of the modern Hopis. Households were integrated into the villages through membership in nonlocalized lineages and clans. Ceremonial units whose membership crosscut that of the kinship units united the lineages and clans into functioning village-wide organizations. No evidence for formal inter-village organization exists, although the Tsegi Canyon villages probably constituted a loosely defined \“community\” based on close but informal interpersonal relationships. After abandoning the Tsegi about 1300, the Tsegi Phase people contributed heavily to the population of the Hopi Mesas.

}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=758014861\&sid=11\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Dean, Jeffrey S.} } @mastersthesis {547, title = {Dendrochronology of Point of Pines}, volume = {MA}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Analysis of 2,276 tree-ring specimens from 18 archaeological sites in the Point of Pines area produced 454 dates for six sites. Most of the 430 dates from the Point of Pines ruin are for the interval from 1270 to 1285; most of the 18 dates from Turkey Creek pueblo cluster in the 1230{\textquoteright}s and 1240{\textquoteright}s. The dated tree-ring specimens that had been previously interpreted as artifacts that may have been brought into point of Pines from another locality are considered to constructed boards from large old local trees{\textellipsis}}, author = {Parker, Marion L.} } @mastersthesis {486, title = {Stomatal Activity in Semi-arid Site Pnderosa Pine}, volume = {MS}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A pressure-infiltration technique for estimating stomatal opening in conifers was used with success on ponderosa pine growing on a semi-arid site. A diurnal pattern of stomatal opening during the day and closing at night was readily discernible. Variations in this pattern such as changes in rates of opening, daytime closure, and opening at night have been measured and related to changes in the environment. Incoming radiation, air and soil temperature, and soil moisture strongly influenced stomatal activity.}, author = {Drew, Allan P.} } @book {615, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona J Hopi Mesas Area}, year = {1967}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {dates, dendrochronology, Hopi mesas, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and William, Robinson J. and Warren, Richard L.} } @mastersthesis {556, title = {Tree-Ring Materials as a Basis for Cultural Interpretations}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Since 1963, the Laboratory of Tree-ring Research has been engaged in a systematic reanalysis of all samples from the prehistoric Southwest. Particular emphasis has been placed on archaeological controls of the samples to enhance the chronological interpretations. In the course of this work, other characteristics of the samples were noted that opened the way for deductions regarding nonchronological attributes of the prehistorically-used wood\…

}, author = {Robinson, William J.} } @mastersthesis {528, title = {A Comparative Anatomical Study on the Effects of Mutant Genes on the Pericarp and Seed Coat of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)}, volume = {MS}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Achenes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) exhibiting the normal or wild type hull and the mutations for thin-hull (th), brown striped-hull (stp), gray striped-hull (gs), pigmentless (p), and light seed coat (lt) were separately and in various combinations studied anatomically to correlate the external appearance of the hull with its internal anatomy. The hull of the mature normal safflower achene was found to be composed of a pericarp, seed coat, and a one cell layer of endosperm. In studying transverse sections of the hull, the pericarp was found to be made up of two highly sclerified layers separated by a countinuous phytomelanin layer, and the seed coat was composed of a dark brown multiple outer epidermis, a layer of parenchyma cells, and an inner epidermis of crushed cells. The one cell layer of endosperm was centripetal and adnate to the seed coat. Mutations were found to differ from the normal-hull in the degree of thickness, localization of thickness, lignification, and compression of the sclerenchyma layers of the pericarp. They also differed in the absence and localization of the phytomelanin layer, the color of the outer epidermis of the integument, and the degree of thickness of the parenchymous layer of the integument.}, author = {Lockwood, Tommie E.} } @mastersthesis {732, title = {The effects of thinning and nutrient treatments on the growth of ponderosa pine.}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Arizona}, url = {no copy on file in LTRR}, author = {Roy Scott Beasley} } @article {758, title = {Growth Rings of Trees: Their Correlation with Climate}, volume = {154}, year = {1966}, note = {

Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, growth, tree rings}, author = {Fritts, H.} } @article {937, title = {Interim Report on the Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine Prior to 4,000 B.C.}, year = {1966}, month = {12/1966}, type = {Interim Report}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @book {606, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona E Chinle-De Chelly-Red Rock Area}, series = {Tree-Ring Dates}, year = {1966}, keywords = {dendrochronology}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Dean, Jeffrey S. and Gell, Elizabeth A.M.} } @book {612, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona K Puerco--Wide Ruin--Ganado Area}, year = {1966}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dendrochronology, Puerco wide ruin, southwest}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Hannah, John W. and Robinson, William J.} } @book {611, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona N-Q Verde-Showlow-St. Johns Area}, year = {1966}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {arizona tree ring dates, dendrochronology, honanki, King{\textquoteright}s Ranch Ruin, oak creek, showlow, St. Johns, tree ring dates, tuzugoot, verde}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Gell, Elizabeth A.M. and Hannah, John W.} } @mastersthesis {477, title = {Variation in Water Stress of Ponderosa Pine}, volume = {MS}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Seasonal and diurnal variations in water stress of the one year old needles in ponderosa pine were followed using the Schardakow method of estimating diffusion pressure deficit and the relative turgidity method of estimating moisture deficit. Soil moisture, vapor pressure deficit of the atmosphere and changes in trunk radius were measured to ascertain their relationships to needle water stress. Diffusion pressure deficit increased with decreasing solid moisture until growth was initiated. At that time diffusion pressure deficit values were markedly reduced and this is attributed to changes in solute content resulting from high carbohydrate metabolism and translocation. Diurnal variations in diffusion pressure deficit followed closely the diurnal variations in vapor pressure deficit, but the measured changes in relative turgidity did not follow closely the changes in diffusion pressure deficit. Measurements of changes in truck radius appear useable for estimating needle tissue water status except during periods of terminal and cambial activity.}, author = {Cunningham, Gary Lynn} } @mastersthesis {570, title = {The Differentiation of Tracheary Elements from the Cambium of Pinus Edulis Engelm: The Correlation of Differentiation with Measured Ring Width and Environmental Factors}, volume = {MS}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

This study was undertaken to determine by means of thin sections, the sequence of tracheid production in pinyon pine and to compare these findings with instrumental measurements of radial increases and with phonological observations\…

}, author = {Stokes, M.} } @mastersthesis {899, title = {The Archaeological Interpretation of Tree-Ring Specimins for Dating Southwestern Ceramic Styles}, volume = {Doctor of Philosophy}, year = {1963}, month = {1963}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

The interpretation of approximately 5715 dated tree-ring specimens from about 342 archaeological sites in the American Southwest is the basis for \“dating\” the pottery types found in association. The time involved spans the period from the introduction of fired ceramics to the Spanish Entrada, approximately A.D. 1550.

The provenience and site situation information for both the dated tree-ring specimens and the associated pottery is tabulated for each site and site-area which has tree-ring dates, except when these data are accessible in the literature.

Criteria for establishing the validity of the association and provenience of the tree-ring specimens and the pottery are formulated. The interpretation and evaluation of the validity of these dates and associations is the basis for \“dating\” the various pottery types. The occurrence of pottery in \“Indigenous\” and \“Trade\” situation is presented separately; the pottery types in these categories are dated separately, in so far as possible, and then evaluated in terms of total distribution and context. Approximately 325 pottery types, varieties, and ceramic categories are dated on the basis of archaeological associations with tree-ring specimens. The data presented do not change the gross time placements of previous workers, but they do (1) refine some pottery dates, (2) reject others, and (3) give differing validity to additional ceramic dates.

The concept of \“pottery type\” is used as the analytical unit for dating Southwestern ceramics. The concept of \“Ceramic Style\” represents synthesis at a higher level of abstraction and does not lend itself to dating based on tree-ring material.

A progressive increase in the amount and range of traded pottery is noted through time. The increase in the distribution of various pottery types after about A.D. 1250 is also accompanied by an increase in attempts to make local copies of certain pottery types obtained by trade.

Decorated pottery types which occur as trade products tend to persist in later archaeological contexts and this situation is discussed as the \“Lasting Phenomenon of Traded Ceramics.\”

Southwestern pottery is distributed in prehistoric times on the basis of hand-to-hand or person-to-person contact and although the amount of trade and the spatial dispersal increase in time, particularly after 1250, this trade never reaches the same degree of institutionalization that is seen in Mesoamerica.\  An associated feature is an emphasis on the trading of small, decorated vessels, as opposed to large, utility or undecorated, ceramic containers.

}, keywords = {anthropology, Archaeology, ceramic, dating, dendrochronology, indiginous, lasting phenomenon of traded ceramics, pottery, site, southwest, spanish entrada, specimen, style, trade, tree ring}, author = {Breternitz, David Alan} } @article {770, title = {Bill to Authorize, Construct and Maintain the Central Arizona Project, Arizona-New Mexico and For Other Purposes}, year = {1963}, note = {A better copy of this is available through the University of Arizona Library. http://content.library.arizona.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/udallcoloradoAZU\&CISOPTR=1093\&REC=2}, publisher = {U.S. Government Printing Office}, address = {Washington, D.C. }, keywords = {bill, central arizona project, interior and insular affairs, irrigation and reclamation, new mexico, water} } @article {934, title = {Continuation of Studies on the Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine (Pinus aristata Englem.) (Continuation of Research Grant NSF-G 19949): A Research Proposal }, year = {1963}, month = {05/1963}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Research Proposal}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

The original research grant NSF-G 19949, effective October 1, 1961, for the dendrochronology of bristlecone pine has made it possible: (1) to develop a workable chronology extending back 3850 years, (2) to carry out studies of tree growth as related to environmental parameters through two field seasons, and (3) to make some statistical comparisions which indicate (a) that there is no significant difference between young and old trees in radial growth response to environmental variables, (b) that there are significant correlations between bristlecone pine and other coniferous species extending up to 1000 miles east and southeast, and (c) that there is strong evidence that bristlecone pine will provide a good basis for extending climatic interpretations to at least 2600 B.C.

The present request is for funds: (1) to complete an exact chronology made possible through the study of both living and dead material in the White Mountains of California; (2) to extend the chronology building to other key tree-ring areas in the Colorado River Basin with the aim of determining the past climatic chronology; (3) to statistically evaluate the various chronologies thus established for interrelations with climate and with other tree-ring series; (4) to continue the environmental studies and evaluations through a third growing season, 1964; (5) to determine the biological model of cause and effect and its statistical counterpart for estimating climate from these tree-ring series; and (6) to provide for the closely integrated radiocarbon analysis of tree-ring material.

The results will be used (1) to strengthen dendrochronological dating and to provide a master tree-ring chronology which can be used by climatologists, archaeologists, radiocarbon investigators, and others; (2) to strengthen and geographically extend the dendroclimatological studies of Schulman (1956), especially in the Colorado River Basin; (3) to provide, when integrated with various environmental studies now being conducted, a stronger basis for environmental interpretations, based on the difference in radial growth shown by trees that respond primarily to differences in precipitation. This information will be of great value to meteorologists, hydrologists, and others, including the Inter-Union Commission on Solar and Terrestrial Relationships.

}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, california, chronology, colorado river basin, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, extend, NSF, pinus aristata, white mountains}, author = {McGinnies, W.G.} } @article {747, title = {Dendrochronology}, year = {1963}, keywords = {bannister, dating, dendrochronology, tree ring, tree rings}, author = {Bannister, Bryant} } @mastersthesis {480, title = {Investigtions into the Ecological Relationships of Ponderosa Pine in Southeast Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Studies to determine differences between Arizona and ponderosa pine have been carried on in the mountainous areas of southeast Arizona, utilizing plotless phytosociological techniques, morphological studies, and dendrometer investigations. Samples form northern Arizona and Sonora, Mexico, have been included for comparison. Ponderosa and Arizona pine are found in these regions from approximately 7000 to above 9000 feet elevation, associated with oaks in the lower portion of the elevational range and with other conifers in the upper part of the range. Comparison of needle number per fascicle indicated that three-needle ponderosa pine is found at the upper part of the elevational range, while the five-needle Arizona pine occupies habitats below ponderosa pine. Intergradation of the two taxa is indicated by a general increase from three to five needles per fascicle occurring with decreasing elevation; this relationship is more pronounced with decreasing latitude. The number of stomates per unit length of needle was found to increase slightly from north to south. Volume and length of pistillate cones were not useful criteria in separating taxa. Cone density, however, was found to increase with decreasing latitude, and little overlap was present in the two most distant stations. Cone-scale prickle curvature generally tended from an upward to downward pointing direction with decreasing latitude. Dendrometer studies among groups of trees classed as three-needle ponderosa pine, five-needle Arizona pine, and mixed needle hybrids indicated differences in time of radial expansion commencement. The trees classed as Arizona pine and hybrids between Arizona and ponderosa pine commenced radial expansion prior to ponderosa pine. No distinct differences were observed between the two taxa, and it is concluded that Arizona pine is a variety of ponderosa pine.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=763081241\&sid=6\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Dodge, Richard Archie} } @article {939, title = {Ramifications of Chronology Building in Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1963}, month = {11/1963}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Written From Tape Recording of Talk}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, california, chronology building, climate, radiocarbon dating, ramifications, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @mastersthesis {592, title = {Some Ecological Studies on Bristlecone Pine in the White Mountains of California}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1963}, school = {University of California}, abstract = {Bristlecone pine, Pinus aristata, was studied in the White Mountains of California. The climate is dry, with annual precipitation in the bristlecone zone averaging 12 to 13 inches. The trees are found in a zone from approximately 9,500 feet to 11,500 feet elevation. Three geologic substrates are widely exposed in the bristlecone zone: dolomitic limestone, sandstone and granite. Vegetation was sampled on these substrates, using line transects. Bristlecone pine is restricted principally to dolomite. Sagebrush, Artemisia tridentate and A. arbuscula, is distributed in a complementary pattern, restricted largely to sandstone and granite. Bristlecone pine and sagebrush constitute the bulk of the vegetation. Dolomite in the White Mountains is a nearly white rock, whereas sandstone and granite are dark. The white rock reflects more solar radiation than do the other substrates, and as a result the dolomite soil averages several degrees centigrade cooler than sandstone soil. This lower temperature acts as a moisture conserving mechanism on dolomite, delaying soil drought. Dolomite also has higher moisture capacity than sandstone and granite. Through use of an infrared gas analyzer, the effect of soil drought on photosynthesis of bristlecone pine was measured. Photosynthesis was depressed by soil drought in the same range as the attained in field soils during dry periods in summer. Photosynthesis of sagebrush as a function of soil drought was also measured. Sagebrush was found more tolerant of drought than bristlecone pine. Drought tolerance may be one factor contributing to maximum development of bristlecone pine on dolomite, and of sagebrush on sandstone and granite. Bristlecone pine reaches maximum development on north slopes, and sagebrush reaches maximum development on south slopes. This supports the conclusion that drought tolerance is a decisive factor in determining substrate-oriented distribution patterns. Sagebrush and bristlecone pine seedlings both grew poorly on dolomite in pot trails. It was suggested that the high pH of dolomite soil, averaging 8.1, results in low mineral nutrient availability, and that sagebrush, with its shallow root system, is less efficient in obtaining mineral nutrient requirements than is the deep rooted pine. Photosynthesis measurements demonstrated that bristlecone pine is tolerant of shading. Furthermore, it was shown by growth measurements that bristlecone pine seedlings grow much more slowly than sagebrush seedlings. These findings indicate that the pine seedling would not succeed in the shade of sagebrush seedlings, another response that contributes to the substrate-oriented distribution of bristlecone pine. Maximum elevation of bristlecone pine is the same on all substrates, and was found to be limited by air temperature during the growing season. Minimum elevation is lower on dolomite than on the other substrates, and is under the control of soil drought. Attainment of great age was shown to be associated with death of the tree trunk around most of its circumference. Lack of krummholz at tree line shows both genetic resistance to deformation, and the influence of a very dry climate.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/pqdweb?did=763335561\&sid=2\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Wright, Robert Dennison} } @mastersthesis {510, title = {Relationship Between Douglas Fir Latewood and Some Environmental Factors}, volume = {MF}, year = {1962}, school = {University of British Colombia}, author = {Hall, Gavin Siegmund} } @mastersthesis {512, title = {A Sequence of Ruins in the Flagstaff Area Dated by Tree-Rings}, volume = {MA}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A collection of 4263 archaeological tree-ring specimens from the region around Flagstaff, Arizona, was examined by means of the dendrochronological method. Although some of the specimens had been dated previously, the majority of the collection had never been studied. This analysis yielded 596 outside dates. Although these new dates do not differ greatly from previous dates obtained from previous dates obtained from this collection they have made possible certain refinements in the dating of the phases in the archaeological sequence for the region.}, author = {Harlan, Thomas P.} } @article {932, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine (Pinus aristata Engelm) as a Basis for the Extension of Dendroclimatic Indices: Research Proposal}, year = {1960}, month = {12/1960}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Research Proposal }, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

It is proposed to make an analysis of growth-rings of bristlecone pine, to construct a tree-ring chronology covering more than four millenia and to investigate the relationship between the tree-rings and climate with the objective of establishing precipitation indices. The research will be based on previous findings with other species and will follow techniques and methodologies developed at the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. The research will continue studies initiated by Edmund Schukman under NSF Grant G2274 but terminated by his untimely death in 1958. During the period Dr. Schulman was operating under the NSF Grant, the full significance of the bristlecone pine discovery became apparent, and he left a legacy of material that will make it possible to carry research further into the past than was envisioned at the time the grant was made. The present proposal has been expanded to take advantage of this enlarged opportunity.

The research will be conducted on a team basis, utilizing all the skills available at the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. The Director of the Laboratory will serve as Principal Investigator, but will utilize the training and knowlege of the laboratory staff in supervising the research program.

}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, dendrochronology, dendroclimatic indices, dendroclimatology, extention, NSF grant, pinus aristata, tree ring chronology}, author = {McGinnies, W.G.} } @mastersthesis {446, title = {Tree-Ring Dating of Archaeological Sites in the Chaco Canyon Region, New Mexico}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1960}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A total of 828 tree-ring dates, representing 46 different sites in the Chaco Canyon region of northwestern new Mexico, has been compiled from published references, records of the Laboratory of Tree-Rig Research at the University of Arizona, and recent dating work carried out by the writer. When ever possible, these dates have been presented individually along with the species, type of sample, and site provenience of every dated specimen, and an accounting has been given of the collection and present location of the pieces, the people responsible for the dating, and any previous publication of the dates. Each dated site has been discussed with respect to name, location, description, excavation, and the temporal relationship between the site and the associated tree-ring dates. It has been shown that the correct archaeological interpretation of dates depends upon the satisfactory solution of two basic problems: (1) the time relationship that exists between the date of the specimen and the archaeological manifestation being dated, and (2) the complicating factor introduced by the possibility of exterior rings lost from a dated tree-ring sample. A third requisite for correct interpretation, and understanding of the symbols used in the listing of dates, has necessitated a detailed explanation of the various forms of presentation used with Chaco Canon region dates. An analysis of all the dates has revealed five broad occupational periods for the region, four of them delineated by the temporal clustering of dated sites, and a fifth period (typified by Mesa Verde sites) distinguishable mainly through archaeological considerations. The five periods cover a span of 13 centuries from the late 800{\textquoteright}s to the present day are characterized by (1) pithouse sites (2) classic Chaco sites, (3) Mesa Verde sites, (4) Navajo-Refugee Pueblo sites, and (5) Navajo sites.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=763297551\&sid=4\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Bannister, Bryant} } @mastersthesis {444, title = {Jahrringchronologische und- Klimatologische Untersuchungen an der Zirbe und Anderen B{\"a}umen des Hochgebirges}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1949}, school = {Ludwig-Maximilian-Universit{\"a}t}, author = {Artmann, Alfred} } @article {785, title = {Precision of Ring Dating in Tree-Ring Chronologies}, journal = {Tree Ring Bulletin }, volume = {XVII}, year = {1946}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, chronology, dating, dendrochronology, Douglass, historic, precision dating, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {786, title = {Researches in Dendrochronology}, journal = {Bulletin of the University of Utah}, volume = {37}, year = {1946}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, publisher = {University of Utah}, address = {Salt Lake City}, keywords = {dating, dendrochronology, Douglass, historic, tree ring, university of utah}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {790, title = {Tree Rings and Climatic Cycles, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, Astronomical Studies}, volume = {XXIV}, year = {1944}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {astronomy, climate, dating, dendrochronology, Douglass, environment, fraternity, historic, tree ring, tree ring laboratory}, author = {Peterson, Roy M. and Douglass, A.E.} } @article {782, title = {Crossdating at Mesa Verde National Park}, journal = {Journal of Forestry}, volume = {40}, year = {1942}, note = {Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {Archaeology, crossdating, dating, Douglass, Forestry, historic, mesa verde, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {783, title = {Crossdating in Dendrochronology}, journal = {Journal of Forestry}, volume = {39}, year = {1941}, note = {Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information.}, keywords = {crossdating, dating, dendrochronology, Douglass, historic, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {808, title = {Tree Rings Nature{\textquoteright}s Calendar for the Archaeologist}, journal = {Field Museum News}, year = {1940}, keywords = {Archaeology, chronology, dating, dendrochronology, Douglass, historic, southwest, tree ring} } @article {685, title = {Steward Observatory}, year = {1939}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory, please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {annual report, Douglass, steward observatory}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @mastersthesis {524, title = {A Dendrochronological Investigation in the Clinch River Drainage, Tennessee}, volume = {MA}, year = {1938}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to report the dendrochronological research done in northeastern Tennessee during the year 1934, 1935, and 1936. (No abstract provided)}, author = {Lassetter, Roy Jr.} } @article {746, title = {Tree Rings and Chronology}, journal = {University of Arizona Bulletin}, volume = {VII}, year = {1937}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {chronology, dates, dating, Douglass, historic, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {730, title = {Dating Pueblo Bonito and Other Ruins of the Southwest}, year = {1935}, note = {

Copies of this article are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, publisher = {National Geographic Society}, keywords = {Archaeology, dates, dating, Douglass, pueblo bonito, ruins, southwest}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @proceedings {645, title = {Evidences of Cycles in Tree Ring Records}, year = {1933}, note = {This is available as a physical and electronic copy through the Tree Ring Lab. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {address, cycles, Douglass, evidence, historic, proceedings of the national academy of science, record, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {731, title = {Tree Growth and Climatic Cycles}, volume = {XXXVII}, year = {1933}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {climate, climatic cycles, Douglass, environment, historic, tree growth, tree rings}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @inbook {756, title = {Kamongo}, year = {1932}, keywords = {kamongo, sun spots}, author = {Smith, Homer} } @article {628, title = {La Chronologie Des Pueblos}, journal = {Revue Archaeologique}, year = {1931}, note = {This title is available physically and electronically. Please contact the Curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {Archaeology, chronologie, chronology, Douglass, pueblos}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {679, title = {Research Corporation Awards to A.E. Douglass and Ernst Antevs for Researches in Chronology}, year = {1931}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {antevs, awards, Douglass, ernst, research corporation}, author = {Abbot, C.G.} } @conference {709, title = {Tree Growth and Solar Cycles}, booktitle = {Paper Presented at International Research Council}, year = {1931}, note = {Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, historic, solar cycles, tree growth}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {788, title = {Trees and Droughts in Arizona}, journal = {Professional Engineer}, year = {1931}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, Douglass, droughts, environment, historic, tree, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @proceedings {778, title = {Reports on the Conferences of Cycles}, year = {1929}, publisher = {Carneige Institution}, address = {Washington, D.C. }, keywords = {climate, conference, cycles, Douglass, environment, historic, tree}, author = {Carneigie Institution of Washington} } @article {681, title = {Secret of the Southwest Solved by Talkative Tree Rings }, year = {1929}, keywords = {Archaeology, dates, dating, Douglass, Hopi, national geographic, southwest, tree rings, zuni}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {780, title = {Climate and Trees}, year = {1928}, keywords = {climate, climatology, Douglass, environment, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {787, title = {Solar Records in Tree Growth}, volume = {LXV}, year = {1927}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, historic, records, solar, tree growth, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {715, title = {Two Sciences}, year = {1927}, keywords = {Douglass, historic, the atlantic monthly}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {676, title = {Photograph of Shadow Bands}, journal = {Astrophysical Journal}, volume = {LXIII}, year = {1926}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, photograph, shadow bands}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {703, title = {The Significance of Honor Societies }, journal = {Phi Kappa Phi Journal}, volume = {VI}, year = {1926}, keywords = {addresses, Douglass, historic, honor societies, honor society, significance of honor societies}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {675, title = {Phi Kappa Phi Installation Address}, year = {1925}, keywords = {address, Douglass, installation, journal, phi kappa phi}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {739, title = {Radio Talks on Science}, volume = {XXI}, year = {1925}, keywords = {climate, Douglass, radio, tree rings}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @booklet {672, title = {Historical Address}, year = {1923}, keywords = {address, Douglass, historic, steward observatory}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {718, title = {University of Arizona Eclipse Expedition}, volume = {XXXI}, year = {1923}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, eclipse expedition, university of arizona}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {719, title = {University of Arizona Eclipse Expedition, Port Libertad, Sonora, Mexico}, journal = {Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific}, volume = {XXXVI}, year = {1923}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, eclipse, expedition, Mexico, port libertad, Sonora, university of arizona}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {682, title = {Some Aspects of the Use of the Annual Rings in Trees in Climatic Study}, year = {1922}, keywords = {annual, climate, climatic study, Douglass, environment, tree rings}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {683, title = {Some Topographic and Climatic Characters in the Annual Ring of the Yellow Pines and Sequoias of the Southwest }, journal = {Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society}, volume = {LXI}, year = {1922}, keywords = {annual, characteristics, characters, climate, climatic, dates, dating, Douglass, environment, ring, sequoias, southwest, topographic, tree ring, tree rings, yellow pine}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {737, title = {Dating Our Prehistoric Ruins}, volume = {XXI}, year = {1921}, keywords = {Archaeology, dates, dating, Douglass, historic, Prehistoric, ruins, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {644, title = {Evidence of Climatic Effects in the Annual Rings}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {1}, year = {1920}, keywords = {annual rings, climate, climatic, Douglass, Ecology, effect, effects, evidence, historic, rings, tree}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {638, title = {An Automatic Optical Photograph, Abstract}, journal = {Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific}, year = {1919}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, optic, optical, photograph}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {704, title = {The Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona}, journal = {Publications of the Astronomical Society}, year = {1918}, keywords = {Douglass, historic, steward observatory, university of arizona}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {781, title = {Climatic Records in the Trunks of Trees}, year = {1917}, keywords = {climate, climatology, Douglass, environment, historic, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @conference {688, title = {The Callendar Sunshine Recorder and Some of the World-Wide Problem to Which This Instrument Can Be Applied}, booktitle = {Second Pan-American Scientific Conference}, year = {1916}, keywords = {calendar, callendar, Douglass, historic, papers, sunshine recorder}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {639, title = {An Optical Photograph}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, volume = {XLI}, year = {1915}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, optical, optics, photograph}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @conference {721, title = {Zodical Light and Counter-Glow and the Photography of Large Areas and Faint Contrasts}, booktitle = {Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain}, year = {1915}, keywords = {astronomy, contrasts, counter glow, Douglass, photography, zodical light}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {632, title = {A Method of Estimating Rainfall by the Growth of Trees}, journal = {Bulletin of the American Geographic Society}, volume = {XLVI}, year = {1914}, keywords = {Douglass, estimate, estimating, growth, method, rainfall, tree}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {634, title = {A Photographic Periodogram of the Sun-Spot Numbers}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal, }, volume = {XL }, year = {1914}, keywords = {Douglass, numbers, periodogram, photo, photographic, spot, sun, sun spot}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {803, title = {Where-When Did Masonry Originate}, year = {1912}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {astronomy, douglass{\textquoteright},, masonry, newspaper}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {793, title = {Address at High School on Halleys Comet}, year = {1910}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {address, comet, Douglass, Halleys, high school, historic}, author = {unknown} } @article {643, title = {Drawings of a Comet}, volume = {XVIII}, year = {1910}, keywords = {comet, Douglass, drawing, popular astronomy}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {796, title = {El Cometa de Halley}, year = {1910}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {astronomy, comet, Douglass, espanol, halley, historic, newspaper, spanish, tucson}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {797, title = {Halleys Comet}, year = {1910}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {astronomy, comet, Douglass, Halleys, historic, newspaper, tucson}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {789, title = {Weather Cycles in the Growth of Big Trees}, year = {1908}, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, Douglass, environment, historic, tree ring, weather}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {642, title = {Boating Down the Colorado}, journal = {University of Arizona Monthly}, volume = {8}, year = {1907}, keywords = {boat, boating, colorado, Douglass, university of arizona}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {693, title = {The Illusions of Vision and the Canals of Mars}, volume = {LXX}, year = {1907}, keywords = {astronomy, canals, Douglass, illusions of vision, mars}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {627, title = {Is Mars Inhabited?}, journal = {The Harvard Illustrated Magazine}, volume = {Vol. VIII}, year = {1907}, keywords = {Douglass, mars}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {799, title = {Physical Geography}, volume = {I}, year = {1906}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {address, Douglass, Geography, historic, newspaper, school, tempe}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {633, title = {A New Almucantar}, year = {1903}, keywords = {almucantar, astronomy, Douglass, popular}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {794, title = {Altitudes and Locations}, year = {1901}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, address = {Flagstaff}, keywords = {altitudes, astronomy, coconino, Douglass, Flagstaff, historic, newspaper}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {640, title = {Astronomical Telegrams}, year = {1901}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, telegrams}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {677, title = {Photographs of the Zodical Light}, journal = {Astronomical Society of the Pacific}, volume = {XIII}, year = {1901}, keywords = {Douglass, photograph, zodical light}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {631, title = {A Hypothesis Regarding the Surface Markings of Jupiter}, journal = {Popular Astronomy }, year = {1900}, keywords = {Douglass, hypothesis, jupiter, marking, surface}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {701, title = {The Missing November Meteor}, year = {1900}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {Douglass, historic, meteor, newspaper}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {678, title = {Photographs of the Zodical Light}, year = {1900}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, photograph, photographs, zodical light}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {720, title = {Weather Prediction in Northern Arizona}, year = {1900}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {Douglass, newspaper, northern arizona, weather}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {691, title = {The Effects of Mountains On the Quality of the Atmosphere}, year = {1899}, keywords = {astronomy, atmosphere, Douglass, mountains}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {673, title = {Mars.}, year = {1899}, publisher = {Popular Astronomy}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, mars}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {635, title = {A Summary of Planetary Work at the Lowell Observatory and the Conditions Under Which It Has Been Performed}, year = {1899}, keywords = {Douglass, lowell observatory, popular astronomy, summary}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {637, title = {An Ascent of Popocatepetl}, volume = {V}, year = {1898}, keywords = {ascent, Douglass, Popocatepetl}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {802, title = {The First Satellite of Jupiter}, journal = {Abdruck aus den Astr. Nachr. Bd. 146.}, year = {1898}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, historic, jupiter, satellite}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {698, title = {The Markings on Venus}, journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {LVIII}, year = {1898}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, markings on venus, venus}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {800, title = {Present Rotation Period of the First Satellite of Jupiter and Its Change in Form and Period Since 1892}, journal = {The Astronomical Journal}, year = {1898}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, historic, jupiter, rotation, satellite}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {680, title = {Scales of Seeing}, year = {1898}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, scales of seeing}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {684, title = {Stellar Bands in the Zodiac from Gemini to Scorpio}, year = {1898}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, gemini, scorpio, stellar bands, zodiac}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {626, title = {A Trip to the Summit of Orizaba, The Altitudes of Orizaba and Popocatepetl Effects of High-Mountain Climbing}, journal = {Appalachia}, volume = {Vol. VIII}, year = {1898}, keywords = {Douglass, Orizaba, Popocatepetl, travel}, author = {Cogshall, W.A. and Douglass, A.E.} } @booklet {636, title = {An Ascent of Popocatepetl}, year = {1897}, keywords = {ascent, Douglass, Popocatepetl}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {687, title = {The Astronomer{\textquoteright}s Globe}, year = {1897}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {641, title = {Atmosphere, Telescope and Observer}, year = {1897}, keywords = {astronomy, atmosphere, Douglass, observation, observer, popular astronomy, telescope}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {795, title = {Drawings of Jupiter{\textquoteright}s Third Satellite}, journal = {Abdruck aus den Astr. Nachr. Bd. 143}, year = {1897}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, historic, jupiter, satellite}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {809, title = {The Lowell Observatory in Mexico}, year = {1897}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, historic, lowell, Mexico, observatory}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {801, title = {Projections on the Terminator of Mars and Martian Meteorology}, year = {1896}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, historic, lowell, mars, meteorology, observatory, projections, terminator}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {629, title = {A Cloud-Like Spot on the Terminator of Mars}, year = {1895}, keywords = {Douglass, mars, spot}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {630, title = {A Combination Telescope and Dome}, journal = {Astrophysical Journal}, year = {1895}, keywords = {dome, Douglass, telescope}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {804, title = {How Tall We Are}, year = {1895}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, address = {Flagstaff}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, Flagstaff, historic, newspaper, observation}, author = {Funston, C.M. and Douglass, A.E.} } @article {668, title = {The Study of Atmospheric Current by the Aid of Large Telescopes and the Effect of Such Currents on the Quality of the Seeing}, journal = {The Meterological Journal}, year = {1895}, keywords = {astronomy, atmosphere, Douglass, telescopes}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {669, title = {Forms of Jupiter{\textquoteright}s Satellites}, year = {1894}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, jupiter, satellites}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {670, title = {Gegenschein Observations}, year = {1894}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, gegenschein, observations}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {702, title = {The Polar Cap of Mars}, journal = {Astronomy and Astrophysics}, year = {1894}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, mars, polar cap}, author = {Douglass, A.E. and Lowell, Percival} } @article {686, title = {Swift{\textquoteright}s Comet 1892}, year = {1893}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, swift{\textquoteright}s comet}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {805, title = {Indicacinoes sobre un period lluvioso en el Sur del Peru}, year = {1892}, keywords = {Douglass, historic, peru, rainy period, spanish, sur, wet period}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {798, title = {Indications of a Rainy Period in Southern Peru}, volume = {XX}, year = {1892}, keywords = {climate, Douglass, environment, historic, peru, sun spot}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {806, title = {La Inundacion de 1868}, year = {1892}, keywords = {astronomy, climate, Douglass, environment, inundacion, spanish}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {694, title = {The Lowell Observatory and Its Work}, year = {1885}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, lowell observatory}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {807, title = {Halo on September 2}, year = {1882}, keywords = {Douglass, halo, historic, punchard ensign} } @book {753, title = {Climate from Tree Rings}, note = {

Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, paleoclimatology, tree rings}, author = {Hughes, M.K. and LaMarche, V.C. and Pilcher, J.R. and Kelly, P.M.} } @article {689, title = {The Crescentic Dunes of Peru}, journal = {Appalachia}, volume = {XII}, keywords = {crescentic, Douglass, dunes, peru}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @proceedings {738, title = {Dendrochronology and Studies in Cyclics}, keywords = {conference, cycles, cyclics, dendrochronology, Douglass, historic}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @proceedings {784, title = {Dendrochronology and Studies in Cyclics}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {climatology, conference, cyclics, dendrochronology, Douglass, environment, historic, university of Pennsylvania}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {775, title = {Eistemperaturen in den Alpen}, note = {This publication is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {alpine, climatology, environment, temperature}, author = {Haeberli, Von} } @booklet {752, title = {Forest Damage by Distantly Transported Air Pollution}, note = {Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {air pollution, damage, environment, forest, transported} } @article {671, title = {Height of the San Francisco Mountains and Other Points}, note = {A copy of this article is available from the Tree Ring Lab. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, publisher = {The Coconino Sun}, address = {Flagstaff}, keywords = {Douglass, mountains, newspaper, san francisco}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @inbook {761, title = {The Hydrogen Ion Concentration Base Exchange Capacity and Sulphate Content of Soils}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {base exchange, concentration, hydrogen, soils, sulphate content}, author = {Katz, Morris and Atkinson, H.J. and Wyatt, F.A.} } @article {674, title = {Montezuma{\textquoteright}s Well and the Soda Spring, Arizona}, keywords = {Arizona, Douglass, montezumas well, soda spring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @conference {769, title = {Predicting Growth and Yield in the Mid-South}, booktitle = {31st Annual Forestry Symposium}, note = {Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, publisher = {School of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Division of Continuing Education Louisiana State University}, organization = {School of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Division of Continuing Education Louisiana State University}, address = {Baton Rouge}, keywords = {biomass production, comparison of growth, forest management, Forestry, hardwood stands, pine stands, predicting growth, south, southern pines, yield}, author = {Hotvedt, James E. and Jackson, Ben D.} } @article {938, title = {Report on the Chronology Phase of the Bristlecone Pine Study}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, california, chronology phase, dendrochronology, extend, pinus aristata, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @booklet {712, title = {Tree Ring Dates and Dating of Southwestern Prehistoric Ruins}, keywords = {addresses, Archaeology, date, dates, dating, Douglass, historic, prehistoric ruins, sites, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} }