@mastersthesis {438, title = {Analysis of Radial Growth Patterns of Strip-bark and Whole-bark Bristlecone Pine Trees in the White Mountains of California: Implications in Paleoclimatology and Archaeology of the Great Basin}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Dendrochronology focuses on the relationship between a tree\’s growth and its environment and thus investigates interdisciplinary questions related to archaeology, climate, ecology, and global climate change. In this study, I examine the growth of two forms of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva): strip-bark and whole-bark trees from two subalpine adjacent sites: Patriarch Grove and Sheep Mountain in the White Mountains of California. Classical tree-ring width analysis is utilized to test a hypothesis related to a proposed effect of the strip-bark formation on trees\’ utilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide. This effect has grown to be controversial because of the dual effect of temperature and carbon dioxide on trees\’ growth. The proposed effect is hypothesized to have accelerated growth since 1850 that produced wider rings, and the relation of the latter topic to anthropogenic activities and climate change. An interdisciplinary approach is taken by answering a question that relates temperature inferences and precipitation reconstructions from the chronologies developed in the study and other chronologies to Native Americans\’ subsistence-settlement patterns, and alpine villages in the White Mountains. Strip-bark trees do exhibit an enhanced growth that varies between sites. Strip-bark trees grow faster than whole-bark trees; however, accelerated growth is also evident in whole-bark trees but to a lesser degree. No evidence can be provided on the cause of the accelerated growth from the methods used. In the archaeological study, 88\% of the calibrated radiocarbon dates from the alpine villages of the White Mountains cluster around above average precipitation, while no straightforward relationship can be 10 established with temperature variations. These results confirm that water is the essence of life in the desert.

}, keywords = {Geology}, author = {Ababneh, Linah N.} } @mastersthesis {439, title = {Fire Histories of Upper Elevation Forests in the Gila Wilderness, New Mexico via Fire Scar and Stand Age Structure Analyses}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1997}, pages = {120}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Fire-scar analysis to identify fire events and stand age structure analysis to identify fire effects on survivorship of trees were used to reconstruct surface and crown fire regimes in upper elevation forests of the Gila Wilderness, NM. Fire regimes varied across forest type, but not necessarily across elevation. Prior to the twentieth century, (from 1706 to 1904), the mean interval for large fires was 8 years. During the twentieth century, (from 1904 to 1995), the mean fire return interval for large fires was 46 years. The virtual end of historically frequent fire regimes due to livestock grazing and fire suppression since the turn of the century has affected successional pathways of forest types across elevations, favoring later successional forest species and structures.

}, keywords = {dendrochronology, fire, fire regime, fire scar, gila wilderness, new mexico, stand age, suppression, tree ring, upper elevation}, author = {Abolt,Rena Ann Peck} } @mastersthesis {705, title = {Descent, land use and inheritance: navajo land tenure patterns in Canyon de Chelly and Canyon del Muerto}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The development of and changes in human social organization have been a concern of anthropological research since the inception of the discipline. A perspective that focuses on the interaction between exogenous (ecological and historical) variables and social organization is argued for herein. This study tests the idea that inheritance patterns reflect both land use and sociohistorical factors. Further, it is suggested that after their move into the American Southwest, the inheritance of agricultural land was influential in the development, although not necessarily the origins, of matrilineality among the Navajo. Data were obtained on land tenure practices in Canyon de Chelly and its major tributary, Canyon del Muerto, historically important centers of Navajo agriculture. Detailed interviews with 93\% of the Navajo families owning land in the canyons provided information on land use and inheritance patterns since the 1880s. Data from over 400 cases of land transfers were analyzed. Historical documents and archaeological studies also provided information on Navajo settlement patterns, changes in farming practices and environmental fluctuations since the mid-1700s. Within the past fifty years, and probably longer, topographic and physiographic differences between Canyon de Chelly and Canyon del Muerto have contributed to variations in land use within the canyon system. Ditch irrigated feed crops are now only grown in Canyon del Muerto, and they are commonly used by families involved in market oriented cattle ranching. Further, as a result of erosion problems, the production potential of some canyon areas, as well as the quantity of arable land, is declining. Not all families are able to meet the increasing need for labor and capital intensive practices that could maximize agricultural production on their canyon land, but it remains a highly valued resource. This research indicates that since the 1880s agricultural land in Canyon de Chelly has been transferred more frequently along matrilineal lines, and the explanations for the differences in land tenure patterns between the canyons over time relate both to ecological and socio-historical variables. In conclusion, it is argued that the complexity found within this canyon system reflects a heterogeneity common to any culture, but which anthropologists tend to overlook. }, keywords = {Arizona}, url = {Thedevelopmentofandchangesinhumansocialorganizationhavebeenaconcernofanthropologicalresearchsincetheinceptionofthediscipline.Aperspectivethatfocusesontheinteractionbetweenexogenous(ecologicalandhistorical)variablesandso}, author = {Tracy Andrews} } @mastersthesis {441, title = {The Interpretation of Archaeological Tree-Ring Dates}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A comparative approach to analysis of the body of tree-ring data from prehistoric sites in the American Southwest provides information on patterns of wood use, the effectiveness of interpretive methods, and culture history. Requisite to this approach is an interpretive framework developed since the 1920{\textquoteright}s by archaeologists versed in tree-ring analysis. Central to this scheme is indirect dating, by means of which dates derived for biological events of tree growth are applied to progressively more remote events in human history. A new contribution to this framework is an interpretive model that focuses on the shape of tree-ring date distributions.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=752229261\&sid=1\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Ahlstrom, Richard Van Ness} } @mastersthesis {442, title = {Las Trampas, New Mexico: Dendrochronology of a Spanish Colonial Church}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1972}, pages = {77}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Wooden beams and planks from the Spanish Colonial church and other structures in Las Trampas, north-central New Mexico, have been sampled and dated by dendrochronology. Dates of AD 1735 imply Spanish occupation of the area 16 years prior to official grant. Stockpiling of timber for church construction began as early as 1758. Exterior walls were 15 feet high by 1762 and were completed to roof level by 1764. Late in 1776, wood was cut for a dust-guard over the adobe altar and mural. According to clustering of tree-ring dates, a new altar and wooden altar screen were constructed soon after 1785.

Beam re-use was prevalent. Timbers bearing early dates were incorporated into the 1785 altar screen, indicating re-use from within the church of from other pre-1760 structures. A roof viga was later used as a floor plank after reroofing. In domestic buildings, re-use of beams is repeated.

Replacement of beams supporting the balcony was made in the 1860\’s and 1870\’s. Tree-ring dates indicate repairs again in the 1930\’s and 1943.

A survey of the literature pertaining to dendrochronology of historical sites revealed that shaping of beams and lack of thorough sampling have heretofore hindered successful application. The documentary record of Las Trampas art and architectural history has been further refined by tree-ring dating, and the study reaffirms the potentials for historical sites dendrochronology.

}, keywords = {altar, Architecture, art, church, dendrochronology, Geochronology, Geoscience, history, las trampas, new mexico, spanish colonial, timber, tree ring}, author = {Ames, Martha Hyde} } @mastersthesis {440, title = {Some Palynological Applications of Multivariate Statistics}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1970}, school = {University of Arizona}, keywords = {Geochronology}, author = {Adam, David Peter} } @mastersthesis {491, title = {The Dendrochronology of Three Tree Species in the Central Mississippi Valley}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1969}, school = {Southern Illinois University}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=755447421\&sid=11\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Estes, Eugene Todd} } @mastersthesis {443, title = {An Aid to Help Park Naturalists to Acquaint Visitors with the Subalpine-Alpine Ecotone of Wesern North America}, volume = {MF}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Montana}, abstract = {This paper attempts to survey timberlines of western North America in a manner primarily designed to serve public interpreters of natural history, such as park naturalists. Hopefully, this broad discussion of the timeberlines will also be of interest to biologists and some members of the public. Much of the discussions is based upon personal observation of timeberlines...(no abstract provided, passage taken from introduction p.2)}, keywords = {Forestry}, author = {Arno, Stephan F.} } @mastersthesis {444, title = {Jahrringchronologische und- Klimatologische Untersuchungen an der Zirbe und Anderen B{\"a}umen des Hochgebirges}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1949}, school = {Ludwig-Maximilian-Universit{\"a}t}, author = {Artmann, Alfred} }