@mastersthesis {531,
	title = {Human response to environmental hazards: Sunset Crater as a case study},
	volume = {MA},
	year = {2008},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {Natural disasters and rapid environmental changes have resulted in a continuum of responses by human societies throughout history. A model is proposed that incorporates cultural and environmental aspects of human response to natural disasters. The 11 th century eruption of Sunset Crater volcano in northern Arizona is used as a case study in which the archaeological record and dendrochronological and geomorphological evidence are combined to characterize the nature of the human response. The model predicts that the population at Sunset Crater would have been pressured to move, or to move and make cultural or technological adaptations following the eruption. The model has utility in diverse conditions and can be used to interpret archaeological remains and facilitate modern disaster response.},
	keywords = {Archaeology},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1564017781\&sid=16\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {May, Elizabeth}
}
@mastersthesis {438,
	title = {Analysis of Radial Growth Patterns of Strip-bark and Whole-bark Bristlecone Pine Trees in the White Mountains of California: Implications in Paleoclimatology and Archaeology of the Great Basin},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {<p>Dendrochronology focuses on the relationship between a tree\&rsquo;s growth and its environment and thus investigates interdisciplinary questions related to archaeology, climate, ecology, and global climate change. In this study, I examine the growth of two forms of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva): strip-bark and whole-bark trees from two subalpine adjacent sites: Patriarch Grove and Sheep Mountain in the White Mountains of California. Classical tree-ring width analysis is utilized to test a hypothesis related to a proposed effect of the strip-bark formation on trees\&rsquo; utilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide. This effect has grown to be controversial because of the dual effect of temperature and carbon dioxide on trees\&rsquo; growth. The proposed effect is hypothesized to have accelerated growth since 1850 that produced wider rings, and the relation of the latter topic to anthropogenic activities and climate change. An interdisciplinary approach is taken by answering a question that relates temperature inferences and precipitation reconstructions from the chronologies developed in the study and other chronologies to Native Americans\&rsquo; subsistence-settlement patterns, and alpine villages in the White Mountains. Strip-bark trees do exhibit an enhanced growth that varies between sites. Strip-bark trees grow faster than whole-bark trees; however, accelerated growth is also evident in whole-bark trees but to a lesser degree. No evidence can be provided on the cause of the accelerated growth from the methods used. In the archaeological study, 88\% of the calibrated radiocarbon dates from the alpine villages of the White Mountains cluster around above average precipitation, while no straightforward relationship can be 10 established with temperature variations. These results confirm that water is the essence of life in the desert.</p>},
	keywords = {Geology},
	author = {Ababneh, Linah N.}
}
@mastersthesis {559,
	title = {Dendroclimatology in the San Francisco Peaks region of northern Arizona, USA},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {2000},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {Millennial length temperature and precipitation reconstructions from tree rings are developed for the northern Arizona region and applied to questions regarding the nature of the cultural-environmental interface in the northern Southwest, the role of explosive volcanism as a forcing mechanism in temperature variability, and the state of late 20th century climate compared to the range of natural variability of the past. A 2660-year long bristlecone pine tree-ring chronology from high elevation in the San Francisco Peaks of northern Arizona is calibrated with instrumental annual mean-maximum temperature data to reconstruct temperature. Three 1400-year long lower elevation tree-ring chronologies, developed from both living trees and wood from archaeological sites on the Colorado Plateau, are calibrated with instrumental precipitation data (October-July) to reconstruct precipitation. The juxtaposition of these two reconstructions yields paleoclimatic insights unobtainable from either record alone. Results include the identification of wet, dry, cool, and warm intervals and the identification of periods of high and low variance in temperature and precipitation. Population movement into the Flagstaff area in the second half of the 11th century is attributed to relatively warm wet conditions. The role of temperature decline in the 13th century merits additional consideration in the prehistoric regional abandonment of the Four Corners area. Many of the reconstructed cold periods are linked to explosive volcanism. The second half of the 20th century is the warmest in the period of record, and extremely warm/wet conditions have persisted since 1976.},
	keywords = {Paleoecology},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=731919721\&sid=18\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Salzer, Matthew W.}
}
@mastersthesis {478,
	title = {Fire history and stand structure in the Huachuca Mountains of Southeastern Arizona},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {1998},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {Historically, wildfires in mixed conifer forests of Southwestern sky islands were frequent events. Dendrochronological methods were used to reconstruct fire regimes and stand age structures in the Huachuca Mountains of Southeastern Arizona. Pre-settlement (i.e., before ca. 1870) fire intervals ranged from 4 to 10 years, with many fires spreading over the entire sample area. Stand age distributions show an increase in more shade-tolerant tree species. Although ponderosa pine is still the dominant overstory tree species, recent recruitment is predominantly southwestern white pine and Douglas-fir. Establishment of Ft. Huachuca in 1877 was a precursor to extensive use of timber, mineral, range and water resources in the Huachuca Mountains. The fire regime was altered at this time, with only one subsequent widespread surface fire recorded in 1899. Settlement era land-use practices may be responsible for changes in stand structure and composition.},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=738257621\&sid=3\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Danzer, Shelley Rae}
}
@mastersthesis {535,
	title = {A model for assigning temper provenance to archaeological ceramics with case studies from the American Southwest},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1998},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {Well-designed provenance studies form the basis from which questions of human economy and behavior are addressed. Pottery is often the subject of such studies, requiring geological and archaeological evidence to establish patterns of ceramic economy. A generalized theoretical and methodological framework for provenance studies is presented, followed by specific considerations for ceramic provenance studies. Four main sources of variation affect pottery composition: geological distribution of resources, geological resource variability, differential economic factors affecting resource use, and technological manipulation of materials. Post depositional alteration is also considered. This ceramic provenance model provides explicit guidelines for the assessment of geological aspects of provenance, since geological resource availability affects acquisition by humans and thus archaeological research designs, in which interdependent geological and archaeological scalar factors must be balanced against budgets. Two case studies illustrate the model. The first is of sand-tempered pottery from the Tonto Basin, Arizona, where the bedrock geology is highly variable giving rise to geographically unique sands. Zones with similar sand compositions are modeled using actualistic petrofacies, the Gazzi-Dickinson point-counting technique, and multivariate statistics. Methods used to create a petrofacies model are detailed, as is the model{\textquoteright}s application to sand tempered utilitarian sherds from three Tonto Basin project areas. Data analysis reveals strong temporal and spatial ceramic production and consumption patterns. The second is of crushed-schist-tempered Hohokam pottery. Crushed schist was often used to temper pre-Classic Hohokam plain ware pottery in central Arizona{\textquoteright}s middle Gila River valley. Systematic investigation of rocks from the Pinal Schist terrane in the middle Gila River valley was conducted to assess how many sources were exploited prehistorically, and whether schist or schist-tempered pottery were exchanged. Chemical analysis shows that the sources can be statistically discriminated from one another. Schist source data were compared to schist extracted from plain ware sherds and to unmodified pieces of schist recovered from two archaeological sites. Preliminary indications are that schist was derived from several sources. This model provides a flexible, archaeologically relevant framework for assessing temper provenance. Hopefully, archaeologists and petrologists alike will use it to define ceramic provenance research problems and communicate effective solutions to one another.},
	keywords = {Geology},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=737676271\&sid=19\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Miksa, Elizabeth J.}
}
@mastersthesis {658,
	title = {Temperature reconstructions spanning the Continental Divide: Bristlecone and limber pine trees as proxy data},
	volume = {Phd},
	year = {1998},
	school = {Arizona State University},
	abstract = {Variability in the intensity and magnitude of the Pacific North American (PNA) circulation pattern and the reverse-PNA affects high and low frequency temperature variations on either side of the Continental Divide, on the Colorado Plateau. The PNA circulation pattern corresponds with cooler temperatures on the Colorado Plateau, whereas the reverse-PNA circulation pattern corresponds with warmer temperatures on the Colorado Plateau associated with a high pressure ridge over the Rocky Mountains.

Temperature was reconstructed using three Pinus aristata (bristlecone pine) chronologies and one Pinus flexilis (limber pine) chronology from subalpine sites located on either side of the Continental Divide in Colorado and Arizona. The standardized ring-indices of the four chronologies (scAD 548-1994) were correlated with historic temperature data from twelve ground stations and upper air temperature data from four radiosonde stations in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah.

Temperature reconstructions across a transect spanning the Continental Divide on the Colorado Plateau provide valuable insight to temporal changes in large scale circulation patterns. Reconstructions of annual temperature indicate there were several periods when temperatures were below the modern mean east of the Continental Divide when they were above the modern mean west of the Continental Divide. Variability in the direction of temperature change on either side of the Continental Divide may reflect a westward displacement of the high pressure ridge at different times in history. Reconstructions of annual temperature also indicate 850 mb temperature east of the Divide is slightly higher when the PNA circulation pattern occurs as a teleconnection to El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. In contrast, annual 700 mb temperature west of the Divide is slightly lower.

Temperature reconstructions also indicate higher mean annual temperatures occurred between scAD 550 to 600, scAD 900-980, and scAD 1040-1080, and scAD 1130-150 than between 1950 and the present. These reconstructions suggest low frequency cycles of above average temperatures have occurred throughout history. These results indicate more research is required to determine whether recent warming trends identified by other researchers reflect anthropogenic warming or natural cycles.
},
	keywords = {Bristlecone, Continental divide, Limber pine, Pinus, Temperature reconstructions},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=732946061\&sid=18\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Diane Douglas}
}
@mastersthesis {580,
	title = {The Dendrochronology of the Navajo Pueblitos of Din{\'e}tah},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1997},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {Pueblito sites include masonry structures and forked-stick hogans in defensible positions in the traditional Navajo homeland of Dinetah. Pueblitos have been a key piece of evidence used to infer a massive immigration of Puebloans into the Navajo country following the Spanish Reconquest of New Mexico. Archaeological and tree-ring evidence places the sites in their proper temporal and geographic perspectives and suggests that immigration has been overstated as a factor in models of Navajo cultural development. An expanded pueblito site tree-ring database illuminates early Navajo wood use behavior, the temporal and spatial patterning of pueblito site occupations, and relationships between climate and the Navajo occupation and abandonment of Dinetah. Wood use behaviors identified at the pueblito sites include construction with freshly cut and stockpiled timbers, beam reuse, repair and remodeling of structures, and dead wood use. Different selection criteria by the builders, combined with differential preservation, have resulted in different qualitative and quantitative data for pueblitos and forked-stick hogans. The wood use model developed has serious implications for dating early Navajo structures. The tree-ring and archaeological data indicate that most pueblitos are neither temporally nor spatially related to Puebloan immigration or the Spanish Reconquest. Masonry structures and hogans at the sites are contemporaneous and were constructed by Navajos for protection against Ute raiders. Furthermore, most pueblitos were occupied for relatively short periods of time and the regional population density was much lower than has been previously assumed. A dendroclimatic reconstruction indicates that the 1300s and late 1400s were both periods of relatively stable and favorable conditions that may have facilitated Navajo entry into the Dinetah. The drought of 1748, often cited as a cause of the abandonment of the Dinetah, was a single-year event and probably not a {\textquotedblleft}push{\textquotedblright} in the abandonment. The wide geographic distribution of early Navajo settlement has been ignored because of the spectacular nature of and good preservation in pueblitos. A new model of Navajo ethnogenesis is based on a different early Navajo population distribution and a variety of other means of incorporating non-Athapaskan elements into Navajo culture.},
	keywords = {Cultural anthropology},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739840121\&sid=21\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Towner, Ronald Hugh}
}
@mastersthesis {541,
	title = {A History of Archaeological Tree-Ring Datin: 1914-1945},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1997},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {Dendrochronology, the science of assigning precise and accurate calendar dates to annual growth rings in trees, was the first independent dating technique available to prehistorians. Archaeological tree-ring dating came of age at a time when North American archaeologists concerned themselves primarily with time-space systematics, yet had no absolute and independent dating techniques available to guide their analyses. The history of archaeological tree-ring dating from 1914 through the end of World War II is often reduced to discussions of the discovery of specimen HH-39 on June 22, 1929 and considerations of the National Geographic Society Beam Expeditions of 1923, 1928, and 1929. The development and integration of archaeological tree-ring dating is in fact much more complex than these simplistic histories indicate. The {\textquotedblleft}bridging of the gap,{\textquotedblright} as symbolized by the discovery of HH-39, represents merely the culmination of an intense 15-year long research effort that included at least seven {\textquotedblleft}beam expeditions{\textquotedblright} and a great deal of laboratory and brilliant archaeological research. By 1931, four Southwestern archaeological research institutions had hired dendrochronologists to conduct archaeological tree-ring dating in support of their various research interests. By 1936, dendrochronology was being applied in support archaeological research in the Mississippi Valley and Alaska. By 1942 however, Southwestern archaeological tree-ring dating once again became the exclusive domain of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research at the University of Arizona, and by 1950 efforts to extend tree-ring dating to other parts of North America as well. A controlled analysis and comparison of tree-ring sample collection activity, correspondence, unpublished research records, and the publication record relevant to North American archaeological tree-ring dating from 1914 to 1945 provides a chronicle of important events in the development of archaeological dendrochronology, provides an understanding of the processes through which tree-ring dating became incorporated in increasingly sophisticated archaeological analyses and interpretations of Southwestern and indeed North American prehistory, serves as a case study for a proposed unilineal model of the development and incorporation of analytical techniques in archaeology, and lays the foundation for a body of theory regarding the development of ancillary chronometric and archaeometric techniques and their application to archaeological problems.},
	keywords = {Science history},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739840221\&sid=5\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Nash, Stephan Edward}
}
@mastersthesis {590,
	title = {Tsegi Canyon Cliff Ruin Beam Coring Project: A Dendrochronological Analysis of Six Sites in the Tsegi Canyon Complex, Northeastern Arizona},
	volume = {MA},
	year = {1997},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	keywords = {Archaeology},
	author = {Wright, William Edward}
}
@mastersthesis {699,
	title = {{\textquoteright}One grand history{\textquoteright}: A critical review of Flagstaff archaeology, 1851 to 1988},
	volume = {Phd},
	year = {1988},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {The history of archaeological research in the Flagstaff area since 1851 is reviewed. The thesis of this study is that critical analysis of archaeological history can yield significant insights into both the process and the products of archaeological research. These insights in turn may lead to conclusions about the general nature of intellectual disputes and transitions in archaeology, and the validity of particular reconstructions and explanations of prehistoric behavior. The history of archaeological research in the Flagstaff area is broken into nine major divisions, each of which is separated by a significant intellectual or institutional transition. Particular attention is devoted to historical analysis of the period immediately before World War II, when the fundamental concepts and methods of Flagstaff archaeology were developed by Harold Colton and his associates at the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA). These developments took place during a remarkably prolific period of archaeological investigation designed to disclose a prehistoric sequence of occupation conceived by MNA workers as "one grand history" of the Hopi people. It is argued, on the basis of the historical review, that Flagstaff archaeology, in its specific examples, indeed reveals much about the nature of intellectual disputes and transitions in American archaeology, and demonstrates that knowledge of the prehistoric past can indeed be cumulative. The study concludes with specific recommendations for improving such knowledge in the Flagstaff area, particularly for the issues of chronology and ceramic taxonomy.},
	keywords = {Arizona, Hopi},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=746060461\&sid=13\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Christian Downum}
}
@mastersthesis {461,
	title = {Simulated Anasazi Storage Behavior Using Crop Yeilds Reconstructed from Tree Rings: A.D. 652-1968},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1983},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {A clear understanding of interactions between the arid Southwestern environment and that area{\textquoteright}s prehistoric inhabitants has been a goal of Southwestern archaeology. This research has reconstructed annual corn and dry bean crop yields for southwestern Colorado from A.D. 650 to 1968, as well as the amounts of those foods available for each of those years. Colorado{\textquoteright}s five southwestern county dry farming corn and dry bean crop records were combined to create two regional crop series. Modern technology{\textquoteright}s increasing influence was recognized as being present in the two series. This influence was felt to parallel Colorado{\textquoteright}s statewide fertilizer consumption and was removed using a multiple regression procedure. Two modern technology free regional crop series resulted. These two series, along with the original two historic crop series were calibrated against five Four Corners tree-ring chronologies from four localities. Both Douglas-fir and pinyon were employed in the calibration. The calibration process used multiple regression so that each series{\textquoteright} current annual crop yield could be predicted using one or more of 25 separate dendrochronological predictors. The regression equation deemed most suitable for predicting each of the four crop series was utilized to reconstruct annual crop yield estimates for the A.D. 652-1968 period. Normal verification was impossible since additional independent crop data were lacking. The reconstructed crop yield series were evaluated statistically. Portions of them were compared against historically recorded events. These two types of testing suggested that the retrodictions were probably valid. The crop yield reconstructions provided the basic data for four sets of storage simulations that attempted to determine corn and dry bean availability for each year from A.D. 652 to 1968, given certain assumptions about the levels of storage technology available to the Anasazi of southwestern Colorado. A. E. Douglass{\textquoteright} A.D. 1276-1299 {\textquotedblleft}Great Drought{\textquotedblright} appears to be confirmed. A number of additional famines or food crises have also been recognized. In addition, periods when food was super abundant have been identified. It now appears that much of the Four Corners large public construction projects were undertaken during and perhaps because of these periods of excess surplus.},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=752071671\&sid=6\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Burns, Barney Tillman}
}
@mastersthesis {467,
	title = {X-ray Densitometric Measurement of Climatic Influence on the Intra-Annual Characteristics of Southern Semiarid Conifer Tree Rings},
	year = {1983},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {Annual tree-ring width of Southwestern conifers growing on dry sites exhibits sensitivity to variation in climatically created moisture stress. Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, and pinyon in the eastern San Juan Basin in northwestern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado were sampled at four sites to investigate covariation of climate with intra-annual anatomy. The sites possessed characteristics that created different amounts of physiological stress in trees. Increment borer samples were glued into wooden mounts and machined to approximately 1.0 mm thickness by a special router-planer. All samples were crossdated by comparing climatically controlled synchronous patterns of ring widths. Moving slit X-ray densitometry (at Forintek Canada Corporation Western Forest Products Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia) objectively defined the earlywood zone (large, low density cells) and latewood zone (smaller, denser cells formed late in the growing season) in each ring. The densitometer measured eight parameters for each ring: ring, earlywood, and latewood width, minimum and maximum density, and mean ring, earlywood, and latewood density. Individual radial series were standardized (i.e, transformed to indices with 1.0 mean and homogeneous variance) by fitting curves and dividing annual values by the corresponding curve values. Density series proved more difficult to standardize than widths and usually correlated more poorly among individual radii of the same data type. Statistical characteristics of site summary density chronologies differed from width chronologies. Response functions using monthly mean temperature and total precipitation showed climate influenced all data types. Low moisture stress increased ring, earlywood, and latewood width and ring, maximum, and latewood density. High moisture stress increased minimum and earlywood density. No width or density type consistently covaried more than any other with climate. Linkage of climatic variation with density parameters differed considerably from that reported in the literature for conifers growing in wetter, cooler climates. Southwestern conifers posed unique densitometric technical difficulties. Selection of sites that caused moderate physiological stress and samples with few missing rings proved critical. Acquisition of density data required much more time and effort than optical measurement of ring width, but yielded valuable intra-annual data. Intra-annual densitometric data hold great promise for reconstruction of seasonal paleoclimate.},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=752888331\&sid=23\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Cleaveland, Malcolm}
}
@mastersthesis {487,
	title = {An Attempt to Verify Dendroclimatic Reconstructions using Independent Tree-Ring Chronologies},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {1979},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {An attempt was made to verify dendroclimatic reconstructions of July Palmer Drought Severity Indices (PDSI) and of seasonal temperature and precipitation in the contiguous United States by means of tree-ring chronologies not used in the calibration procedure. Eight tree-ring chronologies were developed from white oak (Quercus alba L.) on five sites in Iowa and were used in statistical verification procedures along with 26 other chronologies from the eastern and central U.S. Six types of statistical test were used to detect linkages between tree-ring series and actual or reconstructed climatic series. Only those chronologies showing significant linkages with actual climatic data were used in verification attempts. Successful verifications of two PDSI reconstruction sets for two regions of Iowa using the Iowa chronologies were attributed to validity of these reconstructions and strong linkages of the Iowa chronologies to actual July PDSI data, and it was concluded that verification of dendroclimatic reconstructions using independent tree-ring chronologies is possible. Unsuccessful verification attempts in all areas tested for the temperature precipitation reconstructions and for one PDSI reconstruction in four regions of the Ozarks area were attributed to invalidity of these reconstructions and secondary to weaker linkages of the independent chronologies to actual data of these variables.},
	author = {Duvick, Daniel Nelson}
}
@mastersthesis {481,
	title = {The Natural Growth Records of Reef Building Corals},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1978},
	school = {Yale University},
	abstract = {Through analysis of hermatypic coral incremental growth features, it is possible to determine the response of recent corals to their environments. In this way I have attempted to obtain a tool not only to gain knowledge of recent growth processes but also for reconstructing aspects of past environment conditions associated with fossil coral growth. The procedure has been first to determine time relationships and characteristics of coral skeletal density bands and to next use banding for investigations into areal growth rate patterns, coral population age distributions, and coral-climate interactions. Density band couplets, visible X-radiographically in medial sections of coral skeletons, are demonstrated to be formed annually for the corals Diploria labyrinthiformis from Bermuda...},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=761465121\&sid=2\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Dodge, Richard Eugene}
}
@mastersthesis {484,
	title = {Past Air-sea Interactions Over the Eastern North Pacific Ocean as Revealed by Tree-Ring Data},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1976},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {Analyses are made of sea surface temperature (SST) data and tree-ring data from Southern California. Multiple linear regression analyses of the two sets of data indicate that SST data for Port Heuneme, Balboa, and La Jolla can be reconstructed using tree-ring data from five tree-ring sites in Southern California. Prediction equations were obtained from the analyses, and 23\% to 63\% of the year-to-year variance in seasonal SST were explained, with the highest percentages for the spring and summer equations. The reconstructed SST data are believed to be a conservative estimate of past SST anomalies, but independent data suggest the predictions are qualitatively accurate. An analysis was made of possible air-sea interactions using the reconstructed SST data which begin in 1611. The reconstructed SST data suggest that at times during the decades of 1610,1680, 1770, 1830, and 1850, sea surface temperatures may have been 20 C or 30 C warmer than the present averages. At times during the decades of 1640, 1710, and 1880, sea surface temperatures may have been 20 C or 30 cooler than the present averages. An analysis presented indicates that these reconstructed SST data for coastal Southern California may reflective of broad scale SST anomalies in the eastern North Pacific, and thus, the uses of the reconstructed data need not be limited to local problems along the coast of Southern California.},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=760943281\&sid=5\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Douglas, Arthur Vern}
}
@mastersthesis {485,
	title = {Effects of Light Preconditioning on the Seasonal Water Relations of Nursery-Grown Douglas-Fir},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1973},
	school = {Oregon State University},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=759152371\&sid=7\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Drew, Allan P.}
}
@mastersthesis {483,
	title = {Past Air-sea Interactions off Southern California as Revealed by Coastal Tree-Ring Chronologies},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {1973},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	author = {Douglas, Arthur Vern}
}
@mastersthesis {482,
	title = {Analysis of the Winter Climatic Pattern at the Time of the Mycenaean Decline},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1971},
	school = {University of Wisconsin},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=761858411\&sid=4\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Donley, David Lee}
}
@mastersthesis {479,
	title = {Chronological Analysis of Tsegi Phase Sites in Northeastern Arizona},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1967},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {<p>Dendrochronology provides two basic types of information useful for archaeological interpretation: chronological-archaeological and nonchronological. The former derives from the assignment of absolute dates of prehistoric remains through the use of techniques of dendrochronological analysis. Nonchronological information of two types, cultural-historical and environmental, may be derived from archaeological tree-ring collections. Cultural-historical information involves the recognition of unique historic events and the identification of certain cultural practices, such as the stockpiling or reuse of timbers. Recoverable environmental data include the prehistoric distributions of various species of tree and paleoclimatic reconstructions derived from dendroclimatic analyses. Most archaeological use of dendrochronological data has emphasized the chronological-archaeological aspect. This orientation produced a large number of absolutely dated sites that have been compared with one another to isolate contemporaneous regional variation and to study the processes and rates of culture change. However, the nonchronological aspects of the data have been neglected, and the full potential of dendrochronology for archaeological interpretation has rarely been achieved. This paper present the results of several experiments designed to explore and illuminate the contributions made by dendrochronological analyses to archaeological interpretation. Two \&ldquo;cliff dwellings\&rdquo; in the Tsegi Canyon of northeastern Arizona were selected for this experiment, primarily because their large size and excellent preservation guaranteed the existence of many in situ timbers. Classificatorally, Betatakin and Kiet Siel are contemporaneous and are assigned to the Tsegi Phase, dated between 1200 and 1300. Attempts were made to sample every suitable timber in these sites. When combined with earlier collections, total samples of 292 specimens from Betatakin and 540 specimens from Kiet Siel are available for laboratory analysis. These collections are augmented by comprehensive notes on the provenience and condition of each timber and by detailed architectural data. Intensive analyses of the tree-ring dates, the species assemblages, the nature of the terminal rings, and the prehistoric utilization of timbers provide a body of data fundamental to a number of inferences. These inferences concern the chronology and internal development of each site; the processes by which the villages were founded, peopled, and abandoned; the social organization of the villages; a number of cultural practices ranging from the structural use of dead wood to the stockpiling of timbers for future use; and changes in the environments of the sites. The isolation of several significant differences between these sites is relevant to the consideration of the dynamics of intro-phase cultural variability. Eighty-seven dates and less detailed archaeological information from 11 other Tsegi Phase sites supplement the data from Betatikin and Kiet Siel and provide a basis for a consideration of the phase as a whole. The beginning date of the phase is revised upward from 1200-1250, while the terminal date of 1300 is not changed. In the 50 years between 1250 and 1300, about 700 people moved into Tsegi Canyon, established a number of villages, and departed. These people generally moved in extended family households, although a large village group occasionally traveled in a unit. The problems of integrating the mobile population into large villages wee met in a way that produced a village organization like that of the modern Hopis. Households were integrated into the villages through membership in nonlocalized lineages and clans. Ceremonial units whose membership crosscut that of the kinship units united the lineages and clans into functioning village-wide organizations. No evidence for formal inter-village organization exists, although the Tsegi Canyon villages probably constituted a loosely defined \&ldquo;community\&rdquo; based on close but informal interpersonal relationships. After abandoning the Tsegi about 1300, the Tsegi Phase people contributed heavily to the population of the Hopi Mesas.</p>},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=758014861\&sid=11\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Dean, Jeffrey S.}
}
@mastersthesis {486,
	title = {Stomatal Activity in Semi-arid Site Pnderosa Pine},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {1967},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {A pressure-infiltration technique for estimating stomatal opening in conifers was used with success on ponderosa pine growing on a semi-arid site. A diurnal pattern of stomatal opening during the day and closing at night was readily discernible. Variations in this pattern such as changes in rates of opening, daytime closure, and opening at night have been measured and related to changes in the environment. Incoming radiation, air and soil temperature, and soil moisture strongly influenced stomatal activity.},
	author = {Drew, Allan P.}
}
@mastersthesis {480,
	title = {Investigtions into the Ecological Relationships of Ponderosa Pine in Southeast Arizona},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1963},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {Studies to determine differences between Arizona and ponderosa pine have been carried on in the mountainous areas of southeast Arizona, utilizing plotless phytosociological techniques, morphological studies, and dendrometer investigations. Samples form northern Arizona and Sonora, Mexico, have been included for comparison. Ponderosa and Arizona pine are found in these regions from approximately 7000 to above 9000 feet elevation, associated with oaks in the lower portion of the elevational range and with other conifers in the upper part of the range. Comparison of needle number per fascicle indicated that three-needle ponderosa pine is found at the upper part of the elevational range, while the five-needle Arizona pine occupies habitats below ponderosa pine. Intergradation of the two taxa is indicated by a general increase from three to five needles per fascicle occurring with decreasing elevation; this relationship is more pronounced with decreasing latitude. The number of stomates per unit length of needle was found to increase slightly from north to south. Volume and length of pistillate cones were not useful criteria in separating taxa. Cone density, however, was found to increase with decreasing latitude, and little overlap was present in the two most distant stations. Cone-scale prickle curvature generally tended from an upward to downward pointing direction with decreasing latitude. Dendrometer studies among groups of trees classed as three-needle ponderosa pine, five-needle Arizona pine, and mixed needle hybrids indicated differences in time of radial expansion commencement. The trees classed as Arizona pine and hybrids between Arizona and ponderosa pine commenced radial expansion prior to ponderosa pine. No distinct differences were observed between the two taxa, and it is concluded that Arizona pine is a variety of ponderosa pine.},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=763081241\&sid=6\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Dodge, Richard Archie}
}
