@mastersthesis {506, title = {Effects of Substrate on Dendrochronologic Streamflow Reconstruction: Paria River, Utah; With Fractal Applications to Dendrochronology}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2002}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Two pi{\~n}on ( Pinus edulus ) tree-ring chronologies developed on each of three substrates (sandstone, shale, and alluvial fan deposits) in southern Utah for the period 1702 to 1997 demonstrate that geologic substrate affects dendrochronologic streamflow reconstructions. Chronologies from alluvial fan deposits explain the most variance of cool-season (October 1 to May 31) flow with an adjusted coefficient of determination (R a 2 ) equal to 0.59. Chronologies from sandstone deposits account for 52 percent of the variance, while those on shale deposits account for 45 percent. The highest single-site annual discharge reconstruction (October 1 to September 30), R a 2 = 0.25, is provided by chronologies from shale deposits. The highest substrate-pair annual discharge reconstruction, R a 2 = 0.27, is provided by chronologies from alluvial fan deposits. The highest summer discharge reconstruction (July 4 to September 3), R a 2 = 0.14, is provided by chronologies from sandstone. The different substrate response is attributed to varying amounts of clay in each substrate affecting infiltration and available water for tree growth. The fractal parameters (fractal dimension and Hurst exponent), calculated using the roughness-length method, describe the long-term persistence of each tree-ring series and of the hydrologic record. The fractal dimensions range from 1.739 to 1.939 for the tree-ring series for the calibration period, and from 1.884 to 1.946 for the entire chronology periods. The fractal dimension for the annual hydrologic record is 1.802, and 1.819 from October 1 through May 31. Modification of each tree-ring series based on the ratios of the Hurst exponent of each series forced the fractal dimensions of the tree-ring series to be closer to that of the hydrologic series. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)}, keywords = {Watershed Management}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=765129271\&sid=4\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Grow, David Earl} } @mastersthesis {500, title = {Sierra Nevada Tree Rings and Atmospheric Circulation}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1998}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

The primary objective of this research is to investigate relationships between extremes in central Sierra Nevada tree growth, temperature and precipitation and winter and summer atmospheric circulation. Using existing Sierra Nevada chronologies, I developed two mean chronologies for the period of overlap between instrumental and tree-ring records (1900-1987), one for giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) and one for treeline pines (Pinus balfouriana, Pinus albicaulis) and selected the highest and lowest quintiles of tree growth as extreme years. For these years, I constructed and analyzed maps of composite anomalies for the following climatic data: tropospheric pressure (SLP, 700 mb, 500 mb), storm track (positive vorticity advection [PVA], a variable not previously used in dendroclimatology), temperature, precipitation, and snow (a variable often assumed have the same effects on growth as winter precipitation). Results suggest that extreme growth in these trees is associated with distinct patterns of winter atmospheric circulation and snow depth that are consistent with instrumental studies for the Western U.S. The storm track and snow analyses, seldom used in dendroclimatology, added substance to inferences based on analyses of tropospheric and surface climate parameters. This study shows the strong potential for reconstruction of these variables using Sierra Nevada trees. Synthesis of these results suggests that sequoia exhibit low growth during years with meridional winter and summer circulation, winter storms primarily occluded in the Gulf of Alaska, and low snow depth; sequoia exhibit high growth during years with low winter pressure in the north Pacific, long duration storms, a SW-NE oriented storm track entering North America at the California-Oregon border, high snow depth and zonal summer flow. Treeline pines exhibit low growth during years with enhanced ridging over the eastern Pacific, cool, short duration winter storms along a northern track, low snow depth and high east Pacific summer SLP; these pines exhibit high growth during years with warm, long duration winter storms following a southern track, a quasi-PNA atmospheric circulation pattern, average snow depth and a northeastward displaced summer subtropical high. Evidence presented herein suggests that variation in extreme treeline pine growth tracks low frequency changes in north Pacific atmospheric circulation.

}, keywords = {Paleoecology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=733009441\&sid=28\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Garfin, Gregg Marc} } @mastersthesis {504, title = {Tree-Ring Reconstructions of Climate and Fire History at El Malpais National Monument, New Mexico}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1995}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The purpose of this research was to: (1) reconstruct climate for the malpais region from long-lived trees and remnant wood; (2) reconstruct the fire history of forests in the malpais; and (3) investigate short-term and long-term relationships between wildfire and climate. To reconstruct climate, I calibrated a 2,129 year long tree-ring chronology (136 BC-AD 1992) with annual rainfall (previous July to current July). Since AD 100, seven major long-term trends in rainfall occurred. Above normal rainfall occurred during AD 81-257, 521-660, 1024-1398 and 1791-1992, while below normal rainfall occurred during AD 258-520, 661-1023 and 1399-1790. The prolonged drought from AD 258-520 was unsurpassed in its intensity, while rainfall during the most recent 200 years has exceeded any since AD 660. The reconstruction of long-term climate trends confirmed the general sequence of environmental change over the last 2,000 years for the southern Colorado Plateau. To reconstruct past fire occurrences, 217 fire-scarred trees were collected from nine sites representing the major habitat types of the malpais and dendrochronologically dated. Fire frequency was highest at sites on cinder cones and on the highly-weathered basalt flows (ca. once every five years), and lowest on the isolated kipukas and on the Hoya de Cibola Lava Flow (once every 10-12 years). Fire frequency decreased along a north to south gradient, reflecting changing vegetation properties. Combined information revealed fire occurred once every two years, while more widespread fires occurred once every 2.5 years. Fires were largely asynchronous between sites, suggesting the malpais landscape effectively hinders fire spread. Past fire history at El Malpais was characterized by four temporally distinct periods: (1) FH-1 (prior to 1782): high fire frequency, patchy fires, throughout the growing season; (2) FH-2 (1795-1880): longer fire intervals, widespread fires, mostly early season fires; (3) FH-3 (1893-1939): even longer intervals, decreased widespread fires; (4) FH4 (1940-1992): longest fire-free periods during the last 600 years. The increase in rainfall and the simultaneous change in fire regimes ca. 1790 was likely related to an increase in summer monsoonal rainfall due to changes in hemispheric circulation patterns. The decrease in fire spread ca. 1880 was most likely due to intense sheep grazing, while the change ca. 1940 reflects greater efficiency in fire suppression techniques. The presettlement fire regime emphasizes that the current absence of fire in the monument exceeds the historical range of variability established for the presettlement period. Unless effects of past human-related disturbances are mitigated, fire regimes of El Malpais will continue to favor high-intensity, catastrophic fires.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=742088811\&sid=3\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Grissino-Mayer, Henri Dee} } @mastersthesis {505, title = {Tree Rings of Shortleaf Pine (Pinus Echinata Mill.) As Indicators of Past Climatic Variability in North Central Georgia}, volume = {MA}, year = {1988}, school = {University of Georgia}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ring widths of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and various climatic factors. The growth series obtained from increment cores of twenty-two pine over 100 years of age were standardized by two separate methods, polynomial curve-fitting techniques and Box-Jenkins time series (ARMA) models, to compare and contrast the two master chronologies that were derived. Descriptive statistics indicated that residual autocorrelation was insignificant in the ARMA chronology, which also exhibited a higher mean sensitivity and standard deviation than did the chronology obtained with the polynomial option. Response function analysis indicated significant (p < 0.05) positive responses to precipitation in May and June of the current growing season, and significant negative responses to current June-September temperatures. Transfer function models using indices of the ARMA tree-ring chronology as the predictor variables were able to reconstruct June PDSI (r$\sbsp{\rm a}{2}$ = 0.26). September PHDI (r$\sbsp{\rm a}{2}$ = 0.38), DISP (Drought Index for Southern Pine) (r$\sbsp{\rm a}{2}$ = 0.27), and the May-September growing season precipitation total (r$\sbsp{\rm a}{2}$ = 0.39) to 1816.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=754453701\&sid=2\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Grissino-Mayer, Henri Dee} } @mastersthesis {509, title = {Dendrochronology of F. sylvatica, P. uncinata, P. sylvestris in Catalunya}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Barcelona}, author = {Gutierrez, Emilia} } @article {912, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1985}, month = {05/1985}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

Since Edmun Schulman\’s initial interest in 1953, the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research has conducted dendrochronological studies of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey, sp. Nov.) in the White Mountains of east-central California where living trees reach ages in excess of 4,000 years. The focus of this report relates to the support by the Geology and Anthropology sections in the National Science Foundation under grant EAR-8018687 for the period 1 April 1981 to 31 October 1984 with the assistance of the Department of Energy contract no. DE-AC02-81EV10680 covering the period 1 May 1981 to 31 October 1982.

A summary of this research was recently published in Radiocarbon (Ferguson and Graybill 1983). In most cases various facets of the work were related to projects sponsored by all agencies. Therefore the full range of activities during that period is described herein. The primary project goals were:

  1. To extend the bristlecone pine chronology from the White Mountains of California beyond 6700 B.C. and strengthen it by incorporating additional specimens.
  2. To develop bristlecone pine chronologies in new areas for applications in archaeology, isotopic studies, and other earth sciences.
  3. To furnish dendrochronologically dated wood to researchers engaged in the study of past variations in carbon isotopes and climate.
}, keywords = {anthropology, Archaeology, bristlecone pine, california, carbon isotopes, chronology, climate, dendrochronology, Geology, isotopic studies, pinus longaeva, technical report, tree ring, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W. and Graybill, D.A.} } @mastersthesis {502, title = {Long-Term Records of Temperature and Precipitation in the Pacific Northwest Derived from Tree Rings}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Washington}, abstract = {Annual growth records from climatically sensitive trees growing in Washington, Oregon, and northern California are used to reconstruct annual temperature and precipitation variation in the Pacific Northwest over the last several hundred years. Response surfaces indicate that growth of mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) and subalpine larch (Larix lyallii) at timberline in the Cascade Range of Washington is complexly related to variation in summer temperature and spring snow depth. Interactions between these climatic variables in governing tree growth therefore make it difficult to separately reconstruct either of these seasonal climatic variables using standard methods. Mean annual temperature values, however, combine information on both summer temperature and spring snow depth. Mean annual temperature values were therefore reconstructed at Longmire, Washington (46{\textdegree}47'N, 121{\textdegree}44'W; 842 m) using a regression model with larch and hemlock tree-ring chronologies as predictors. The reconstruction shows mean annual temperatures between 1590 and 1900 to be approximately 1{\textdegree}C lower than those of the 20th century. Only during a short period from 1650 to 1690 did temperatures approach 20th century values. Long-term regional precipitation variation within the Pacific Northwest is reflected in reconstructions of three mean annual precipitation indices representing the {\textquotedblleft}Western Lowlands{\textquotedblright} (western Washington and northwestern Oregon), {\textquotedblleft}Columbia Basin{\textquotedblright} (eastern Washington and northeastern Oregon) and {\textquotedblleft}Southern Valleys{\textquotedblright} (southeastern Oregon and northern California). Tree-ring chronologies from drought sensitive Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) are used to reconstruct each precipitation series back to 1675. The precipitation reconstructions do not reveal long-term changes in mean conditions but show episodes of wet and dry conditions that differed in timing between the regions. During the first half of the 19th century, precipitation equaled or exceeded the long term average in the Western Lowlands and Columbia Basin but was below average in the Southern Valleys. During the second half of the 19th century, the Southern Valleys experienced above average precipitation while precipitation was below average in the Columbia Basin. Single year drought events show great spatial homogeneity implying that severe dry years are caused by circulation features of sufficient size to affect the entire Pacific Northwest.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=749026731\&sid=1\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Graumlich, Lisa} } @article {931, title = {Proposed Contract with the Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN. 37831 for Research on {\textquoteright}Detection of Forest Response to Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide{\textquoteright} 1985}, year = {1985}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {atmospheric carbon dioxide, environmental sciences division, forest response, increased carbon dioxide, increasing co2, oak ridge, proposed contract, tree ring}, author = {Graybill, D.A.} } @article {914, title = {Western U.S. Tree-Ring Index Chronology Data for Detection of Arboreal Response to Increasing Carbon Dioxide}, year = {1985}, month = {04/1985}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

This report summarizes tree-ring chronologies recently developed by the University of Arizona Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research that can be used for the purpose of examining tree-ring growth response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Portions of this research were accomplished under contract with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory project \“Detection of forest response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide\” (Darrell C. West, P.I.).

}, keywords = {arboreal response, chronology, dendrochronology, increasing carbon dioxide, increasing co2, tree ring, western us}, author = {Graybill, D.A.} } @article {926, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1984}, month = {08/1984}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {anthropology, Bristlecone, bristlecone pine, california, carbon isotopes, chronology, climate, dendrochronology, Geology, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W. and Graybill, D.A.} } @mastersthesis {507, title = {Dendroclimatic Contribution to the Understanding of Growth of Cedar of Atlas in the Reforestations of Southeastern France}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1984}, school = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Aix-Marseille III}, author = {Guibal, Fr{\'e}deric} } @article {930, title = {Proposed Contract with the Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN. 37831 for Research on {\textquoteright}Detection of Forest Response to Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide{\textquoteright} 1984}, year = {1984}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {atmospheric carbon dioxide, environmental sciences division, forest response, increased carbon dioxide, increasing co2, oak ridge, proposed contract, tree ring}, author = {Graybill, D.A.} } @mastersthesis {508, title = {Mathamatical Analysis of Geophysical Data}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1981}, school = {Universit{\'e} catholique de Louvain}, author = {Guiot, Joel} } @mastersthesis {503, title = {The Statistical Analysis of Rainfall and Its Reconstruction from Tree Rings}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1981}, school = {University of East Anglia}, author = {Gray, Barbara Marianne} } @mastersthesis {454, title = {Tree-Ring Characteristics of Baldcypress Growing in Varying Flooding Regimes in the Barataria Basin, Lousiana}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1981}, school = {Louisiana State University and Agricultural \& Mechanical College}, abstract = {Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum L. Rich.) is a desirable species for tree ring studies due to its longevity, resistance to decay, and the statistical characteristics of the ring record (Bowers, 1973). This investigation endeavors to determine: (1) the type and number of samples needed for such studies; (2) the values of x-ray densitometry analysis with the species; (3) the usefulness of the data for delineating differences in swamp sites which differ in length of flooding and if these differences could affect wood quality; and (4) the appropriateness of the data from disturbed swamp sites in south Louisiana to dendroclimatic studies. Differences exist in eight sample types. Furrow samples have a large number of missing and/or merging growth rings, are difficult to measure, and their statistical characteristics are no better than those of lobe samples. Compass direction is not significant but south samples contain twice as many resinous bands. Over 50\% of the chronology variance is accounted for by differences among core chronologies. Thus, it is beneficial to take two or more samples per tree. A sample size of 120, four cores from thirty trees, is required to reduce the standard error of the sample mean to .05 or less. X-ray densitometry did not alleviate problems with crossdating and false rings which are common with baldcypress. Although statistical characteristics of the density parameters do not indicate their use in dendroclimatic studies, the density data are significantly correlated with both mean monthly precipitation and temperature. A shift in hydrology from permanently to seasonally flooded enhanced wood production in good years; and, maximum latewood became more homogeneous among trees. Wide rings are characterized by increases in density and more abrupt ring profiles. Maximum latewood and minimum earlywood vary together; the greatest difference in ring uniformity is due to changes in maximum latewood. The statistics generated indicate that dendroclimatic studies of baldcypress in south Louisiana should prove fruitful. Evidence demonstrates that the species will be useful in analyzing regional anomalies, such as the low winter temperatures of the 1960{\textquoteright}s and 1976-79, and that baldcypress data may be able to be pooled with data from other species.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=751675381\&sid=14\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Bowers, Lynne Jordan} } @mastersthesis {501, title = {Spectral Analysis of Synoptic Scale Disturbances Over the Marshall Islands Region}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1978}, school = {University of Missouri-Columbia}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=749229231\&sid=1\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Gordon, Geoffrey Author} } @article {766, title = {Freshwater Fish-A Global Food Potential}, journal = {AMBIO}, year = {1977}, keywords = {acidification, environment, eutrophication, fish, food, freshwater, global food production, industrial waste, limiting factors, pollution}, author = {Gerking, Shelby D.} } @article {767, title = {Climatic Information from Ratios of Cellulose in Tree Rings}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {262}, year = {1976}, keywords = {18 isotope, cellulose, climate, environment, O, oxygen, paleoclimatology, ratios, tree rings}, author = {Gray, John and Thompson, Peter} } @mastersthesis {499, title = {Wilderness Ecology: The Danaher Creek Drainage, Bob Marshall Wilderness, Montana}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Montana}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=760480581\&sid=1\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Gabriel III, Herman W.} } @book {606, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona E Chinle-De Chelly-Red Rock Area}, series = {Tree-Ring Dates}, year = {1966}, keywords = {dendrochronology}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Dean, Jeffrey S. and Gell, Elizabeth A.M.} } @book {611, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona N-Q Verde-Showlow-St. Johns Area}, year = {1966}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {arizona tree ring dates, dendrochronology, honanki, King{\textquoteright}s Ranch Ruin, oak creek, showlow, St. Johns, tree ring dates, tuzugoot, verde}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Gell, Elizabeth A.M. and Hannah, John W.} }