@mastersthesis {580,
	title = {The Dendrochronology of the Navajo Pueblitos of Din{\'e}tah},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1997},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {Pueblito sites include masonry structures and forked-stick hogans in defensible positions in the traditional Navajo homeland of Dinetah. Pueblitos have been a key piece of evidence used to infer a massive immigration of Puebloans into the Navajo country following the Spanish Reconquest of New Mexico. Archaeological and tree-ring evidence places the sites in their proper temporal and geographic perspectives and suggests that immigration has been overstated as a factor in models of Navajo cultural development. An expanded pueblito site tree-ring database illuminates early Navajo wood use behavior, the temporal and spatial patterning of pueblito site occupations, and relationships between climate and the Navajo occupation and abandonment of Dinetah. Wood use behaviors identified at the pueblito sites include construction with freshly cut and stockpiled timbers, beam reuse, repair and remodeling of structures, and dead wood use. Different selection criteria by the builders, combined with differential preservation, have resulted in different qualitative and quantitative data for pueblitos and forked-stick hogans. The wood use model developed has serious implications for dating early Navajo structures. The tree-ring and archaeological data indicate that most pueblitos are neither temporally nor spatially related to Puebloan immigration or the Spanish Reconquest. Masonry structures and hogans at the sites are contemporaneous and were constructed by Navajos for protection against Ute raiders. Furthermore, most pueblitos were occupied for relatively short periods of time and the regional population density was much lower than has been previously assumed. A dendroclimatic reconstruction indicates that the 1300s and late 1400s were both periods of relatively stable and favorable conditions that may have facilitated Navajo entry into the Dinetah. The drought of 1748, often cited as a cause of the abandonment of the Dinetah, was a single-year event and probably not a {\textquotedblleft}push{\textquotedblright} in the abandonment. The wide geographic distribution of early Navajo settlement has been ignored because of the spectacular nature of and good preservation in pueblitos. A new model of Navajo ethnogenesis is based on a different early Navajo population distribution and a variety of other means of incorporating non-Athapaskan elements into Navajo culture.},
	keywords = {Cultural anthropology},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739840121\&sid=21\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Towner, Ronald Hugh}
}
@book {876,
	title = {A Directory of Tree-Ring Dated Native American Sites in the American Southwest},
	year = {1993},
	month = {09/1993},
	publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research},
	organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research},
	address = {Tucson},
	keywords = {apache, Archaeology, dating, dendrochronology, directory, Geography, native american, navajo, Pueblo, quandrangle, site, southwest, tree ring, ute},
	author = {Robinson, William J. and Ronald H. Towner}
}
@mastersthesis {690,
	title = {Effects of coppice thinning on growth and yield of Emory oak sprouts in southeastern Arizona},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1991},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {Emory oak (Quercus Emoryi) is a dominant tree species in San Rafael Valley in southeastern Arizona. However, basic information about the effects of coppice thinning on the growth and yield of this species is lacking. Thus, objectives of the study were to measure the effects of coppice thinning on Emory oak survivor growth, ingrowth, and mortality, which are the basic components of a growth budget. This study determined gross growth, net growth, and yield estimates. In addition, this study evaluated the mean annual growth (MAG) values in relation to the biological rotation age of Emory oak in southeastern Arizona.

Coppice thinning treatments were applied to sprouts of different ages. Height and diameter at root collar measurements were taken immediately after thinning and again 5 years later. Sprouts were classified into 5 age groups, 4 stump diameters, and 3 level of coppice thinnings and an unthinned control. The interactions of these treatments and their effect on growth and yield were analyzed.

Stump diameters did not significantly affect the growth components, growth estimates, or yield estimates. The number of residual sprouts significantly affected the growth components, growth estimates, and yield estimates. Survivor growth, gross growth, net growth, and yield were lowest for 1 residual sprout, except for net growth of 8-year-old sprouts. There were no significant differences in net growth between the different coppice thinning treatments. At age 8-year-old sprouts, the mean annual growth of individual sprouts increased as the number of residual sprouts per stump reduced. Based on this relationship, it is recommended that 1 residual sprout be left when thinning sprouts. Age of sprouts significantly affected growth. There was an increase in the mortality of the control sprouts in the 6th year. Based on those results, it is recommended that thinning be conducted in the 5th year of the sprout{\textquoteright}s growth.

Proper timing of thinning can reduce the rotation age of Emory oak sprouts, if the rotation is based on achievement of a specified diameter. To draw firm conclusions about the effects of thinning on shortening the rotation age, the study measurement needs to be continued into the future.
},
	keywords = {Quercus emoryi},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=745176541\&sid=2\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Ramzi Touchan}
}
@mastersthesis {546,
	title = {Development of Anatomical Tree-Ring Chonologies from Southern Arizona Conifers using Image Analysis},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1990},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {Climatic influences on the anatomical features of the last-formed latewood tracheids of southern Arizona conifers were examined using video image analysis. Video image analysis was shown to be a feasible method to obtain tracheid dimensions from tree rings. It also proved to be a precise method for measuring tree-ring density as a relative quantity (the lumen area percent, LUM\%). Two cores from each of five ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) were analyzed to obtain chronologies of radial and tangential diameter, lumen, cell wall and total areas, and LUM\% in a range of 87-276 years. A fast and reliable sample preparation techniques using a sliding microtome was used to obtain microsections for the image analysis. Missing values for absent rings were estimated using stepwise regression with other non-missing series. Because no obvious biological trends were found for the mature periods, mean line fits were used for the standardization after removing the juvenile portions. Due to the large variabilities within and between trees, the anatomical chronologies possessed much weaker common signals than the ring-width or density chronologies. This indicated that a large number of cores per tree or trees per site should be taken to compensate for the biological heterogeneity in wood structure. The year-to-year variations in the anatomical chronologies were diverse, and autocorrelations were relatively high. Response function analyses revealed that most anatomical chronologies possessed a higher association with climatic variations than the ring-width or density chronologies. Reduced moisture stress during the early growing season, and high precipitation for the late growing season, induced high radial enlargement, consequently, greater tracheid area of the last-formed latewoods. The influence of climate on the tangential enlargement was inconsistent. Cell wall thickening was enhanced first by high precipitation for the prior growing season, then by low temperature for the growing season and by high October temperature. The effects of the cell enlargement were mixed with the effects of cell wall thickening in the lumen area \% or maximum latewood density variation.},
	keywords = {Watershed Management},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=744327611\&sid=2\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Park, Wonkyu}
}
@mastersthesis {581,
	title = {Influence of Water Balance on the Caatinga Stand in the Semi-Arid Interior, Northeast Brazil},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1990},
	school = {University of Tsukuba},
	author = {Tsuchiya, Akio}
}
@mastersthesis {577,
	title = {Dendroclimatologie et Ecologie de Pinus Silvestris L. et Quercus Pubescens Willd. Dans le Sud-Est de la France},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1984},
	school = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Aix-Marseille III},
	author = {Tessier, Lucien}
}
@article {757,
	title = {Air Pollutants and Forest Decline},
	journal = {Environmental Science Technology},
	volume = {17},
	year = {1983},
	note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu},
	keywords = {air pollutants, dendrochronology, forest decline},
	author = {Tomlinson, George}
}
@mastersthesis {579,
	title = {The Effects of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Enrichment, Irradiance and Water Stress on Seedling Growth and Physiology of Liquidambar Styraciflua and Pinus Taeda},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1982},
	school = {Duke University},
	abstract = {In order to predict possible effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide on woody plant succession and community species composition, more detailed information is needed on the individual response of successional species to this changing environmental factor. The objective of this study was to investigate the growth and physiological response of two important successional woody species, Liquidambar styraciflua L. (sweetgum) and Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) to long term CO$_{2}$ enrichment. Carbon dioxide effects were studied under different irradiance and soil moisture conditions since these environmental factors, as well as nutrient availability, influence their pattern of invasion into abandoned fields and establishment under forest canopies in the North Carolina piedmont. Growth and physiological experiments were conducted in controlled environment facilities at the Duke University Phytotron. Elevated atmospheric CO$_{2}$ concentration enhanced growth with the greatest increase in height, leaf area, basal stem diameter and total dry weight seen for sweetgum seedlings grown under high irradiance. Increases in dry matter accumulation were associated with early CO$_{2}$ enhancement of net assimilation rate, with increases in amount of leaf surface area contributing more towards maintenance of larger size as seedlings aged. For sweetgum seedlings in particular reduction of growth by low irradiance and soil drought under normal atmospheric CO$_{2}$ was compensated for by growing plants under elevated CO$_{2}$. Photosynthetic acclimation of sweetgum and loblolly seedlings was not significantly altered by increasing atmospheric CO$_{2}$. However, CO$_{2}$ enrichment had a substantial differential effect on drought tolerance of these two species. Sweetgum seedlings grown at elevated CO$_{2}$ maintained higher plant water potentials and net photosynthetic rates during a period of drought than when grown at present day CO$_{2}$ level. In addition water use efficiency in these seedlings was also increased. In contrast CO$_{2}$ enrichment had much smaller effects on total plant water potential, net photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of loblolly seedlings. Physiological and growth response data in this study strongly suggest that the continued increase in atmospheric CO$_{2}$ may influence distribution patterns of these two species primarily in open fields.},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=752091331\&sid=6\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Tolley, Leslie Carroll}
}
@mastersthesis {575,
	title = {Allometric Analysis of Plant Growth in Woodland Communities},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1980},
	school = {Utah State University},
	abstract = {Several allometrically-based equations were derived to describe the changes and the similarities in the structure and shape of semiarid woody plants that occur with growth. The derivations utilized general hypotheses based on the assumption that one of the principal purposes of a plant{\textquoteright}s structure is the efficient support and distribution of its leaves. Results from analyses of plant branching systems were used to derive allometric relationships between selected variables of plant size and shape. A close correspondence often occurred between the parameters resulting from the derivations and those that resulted from empirical analyses of field data. The variability of some relationships was found to be linked to increasing tree dominance, and/or increasing tree size. Changes potentially linked to differing site quality were also observed for some relationships. Other relationships remained relatively uniform over a range of successional stages and also potentially uniform over a range of site quality. The analyses revealed important crown structure and foliage distribution similarities, as well as differences, between the plant species studied. In general, large plants were often less variable, relative to their size, than small plants. Each species also has a relatively consistent leaf distribution within its crown. A number of implications and applications of the results to plant sampling and vegetation analyses were discussed. This includes discussions of the need for, and possible means of obtaining, adequate methods of determining site quality for woody plant communities in non-timber producing regions. Overall, the analyzed allometric relationships resulted in a generalized working model of plant growth and development, particularly for the changes in size, shape and biomass that occur with growth.},
	keywords = {Ecology},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=749271331\&sid=1\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Tausch, Robin}
}
@mastersthesis {578,
	title = {Tree Rings and Air Pollution: A Case Study on Pinus Monophylla Growing in East-Central Nevada},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {1980},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {Five stands of Pinus monophylla (single-needle pinyon pine) from east-central Nevada were sampled and analyzed using dendrochronological methods to detect the effects of climate and copper smelter effluent on annual ring-width growth. Tree-ring chronologies were developed for two pollution sites near the smelter and for three control sites. All chronologies are highly and positively correlated before smelting began in 1908, but after that date there is a significant decrease in the correlation of the chronology from the most polluted site with the other chronologies. The results of a response function analysis suggest that trees on the most polluted site are limited by both climate and air pollution. An increase in the amount of low-frequency variance in the chronology from the most polluted site is attributed to a decrease in ring-width growth from 1910-1930 followed by and increase in growth which may have been caused by some change in the trees{\textquoteright} environment due to copper smelter effluent.},
	author = {Thompson, Marna Ares}
}
@mastersthesis {576,
	title = {Contribution Dendroclimatique A L{\textquoteright}etude Du Peuplement Forester Des Environs Des Chalets De L{\textquoteright}Orgere (Savoie)},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {1978},
	school = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Aix-Marseille III},
	author = {Tessier, Lucien}
}
@article {767,
	title = {Climatic Information from Ratios of Cellulose in Tree Rings},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {262},
	year = {1976},
	keywords = {18 isotope, cellulose, climate, environment, O, oxygen, paleoclimatology, ratios, tree rings},
	author = {Gray, John and Thompson, Peter}
}
@mastersthesis {582,
	title = {The Historical Potential of Snowfall as a Water Resources in Arizona},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {1975},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {{\textellipsis}Tree-ring chronologies from the San Francisco Mountains and White Mountains region of central Arizona where used to reconstruct past annual snowfall water equivalents for up to the last 500 years{\textellipsis}},
	keywords = {Watershed Management},
	author = {Tunnicliff, Brock Matthew}
}
@mastersthesis {583,
	title = {Tree-Ring Dating and Archaeology in South Dakota},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1968},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {In 1964 a study of the feasibility of applying the methods of tree-ring research to wood collected in South Dakota was undertaken by the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona{\textellipsis}},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=757411981\&sid=5\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Weakly, Ward Fredrick}
}
@mastersthesis {443,
	title = {An Aid to Help Park Naturalists to Acquaint Visitors with the Subalpine-Alpine Ecotone of Wesern North America},
	volume = {MF},
	year = {1967},
	school = {University of Montana},
	abstract = {This paper attempts to survey timberlines of western North America in a manner primarily designed to serve public interpreters of natural history, such as park naturalists. Hopefully, this broad discussion of the timeberlines will also be of interest to biologists and some members of the public. Much of the discussions is based upon personal observation of timeberlines...(no abstract provided, passage taken from introduction p.2)},
	keywords = {Forestry},
	author = {Arno, Stephan F.}
}
@mastersthesis {480,
	title = {Investigtions into the Ecological Relationships of Ponderosa Pine in Southeast Arizona},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {1963},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {Studies to determine differences between Arizona and ponderosa pine have been carried on in the mountainous areas of southeast Arizona, utilizing plotless phytosociological techniques, morphological studies, and dendrometer investigations. Samples form northern Arizona and Sonora, Mexico, have been included for comparison. Ponderosa and Arizona pine are found in these regions from approximately 7000 to above 9000 feet elevation, associated with oaks in the lower portion of the elevational range and with other conifers in the upper part of the range. Comparison of needle number per fascicle indicated that three-needle ponderosa pine is found at the upper part of the elevational range, while the five-needle Arizona pine occupies habitats below ponderosa pine. Intergradation of the two taxa is indicated by a general increase from three to five needles per fascicle occurring with decreasing elevation; this relationship is more pronounced with decreasing latitude. The number of stomates per unit length of needle was found to increase slightly from north to south. Volume and length of pistillate cones were not useful criteria in separating taxa. Cone density, however, was found to increase with decreasing latitude, and little overlap was present in the two most distant stations. Cone-scale prickle curvature generally tended from an upward to downward pointing direction with decreasing latitude. Dendrometer studies among groups of trees classed as three-needle ponderosa pine, five-needle Arizona pine, and mixed needle hybrids indicated differences in time of radial expansion commencement. The trees classed as Arizona pine and hybrids between Arizona and ponderosa pine commenced radial expansion prior to ponderosa pine. No distinct differences were observed between the two taxa, and it is concluded that Arizona pine is a variety of ponderosa pine.},
	url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=763081241\&sid=6\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD},
	author = {Dodge, Richard Archie}
}
@mastersthesis {512,
	title = {A Sequence of Ruins in the Flagstaff Area Dated by Tree-Rings},
	volume = {MA},
	year = {1962},
	school = {University of Arizona},
	abstract = {A collection of 4263 archaeological tree-ring specimens from the region around Flagstaff, Arizona, was examined by means of the dendrochronological method. Although some of the specimens had been dated previously, the majority of the collection had never been studied. This analysis yielded 596 outside dates. Although these new dates do not differ greatly from previous dates obtained from previous dates obtained from this collection they have made possible certain refinements in the dating of the phases in the archaeological sequence for the region.},
	author = {Harlan, Thomas P.}
}
