@mastersthesis {559, title = {Dendroclimatology in the San Francisco Peaks region of northern Arizona, USA}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2000}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Millennial length temperature and precipitation reconstructions from tree rings are developed for the northern Arizona region and applied to questions regarding the nature of the cultural-environmental interface in the northern Southwest, the role of explosive volcanism as a forcing mechanism in temperature variability, and the state of late 20th century climate compared to the range of natural variability of the past. A 2660-year long bristlecone pine tree-ring chronology from high elevation in the San Francisco Peaks of northern Arizona is calibrated with instrumental annual mean-maximum temperature data to reconstruct temperature. Three 1400-year long lower elevation tree-ring chronologies, developed from both living trees and wood from archaeological sites on the Colorado Plateau, are calibrated with instrumental precipitation data (October-July) to reconstruct precipitation. The juxtaposition of these two reconstructions yields paleoclimatic insights unobtainable from either record alone. Results include the identification of wet, dry, cool, and warm intervals and the identification of periods of high and low variance in temperature and precipitation. Population movement into the Flagstaff area in the second half of the 11th century is attributed to relatively warm wet conditions. The role of temperature decline in the 13th century merits additional consideration in the prehistoric regional abandonment of the Four Corners area. Many of the reconstructed cold periods are linked to explosive volcanism. The second half of the 20th century is the warmest in the period of record, and extremely warm/wet conditions have persisted since 1976.}, keywords = {Paleoecology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=731919721\&sid=18\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Salzer, Matthew W.} } @mastersthesis {568, title = {The Tree-Ring Record of False Spring in the Southcentral USA}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1990}, school = {Arizona State University}, abstract = {Frost injuries are common in the annual rings of deciduous oaks of the southcentral United States, and can be identified microscopically by unique anatomical criteria. A chronology of 70 frost ring years between 1650 and 1980 has been developed from 42 collection sites in the Southern Plains. False spring conditions cause frost rings in oaks, and include both an abnormally warm winter and the subsequent severe freeze in spring (temperatures must fall to <= 23 {\textdegree}F or -5 {\textdegree}C). Major circulation changes over North America often occur from the warm to cold phase of false spring. An upper level trough over Southern California and surface high over the Southeast favor warm air advection into the Southern Plains during the warm phase. This pattern is usually replaced by a deep upper level trough over the central USA and a strong surface ridge often extending from Canada to Mexico during the cold phase. The resulting cold air advection often causes heavy damage to crops and native vegetation which are prematurely advanced by the preceding mild weather. These false spring episodes include both climatological and meteorological signals, and the consistent registration of specific weather conditions by frost rings establishes the feasibility of {\textquotedblleft}dendrometeorology{\textquotedblright}. Frost rings in oaks often form during La Nina events, and may reflect a tropical influence on both above and below average winter temperatures in the Southern Plains and Canada, respectively. Warm winters in the Southern Plains favor premature growth, and cold Canadian winters may help explain the severity of the late cold wave which terminates false spring. False spring occurrence has been nonrandom over the past 331 years, and the many one- and three-year intervals between events may partially reflect La Nina forcing. In contrast, an El Nino influence on the formation of bristlecone pine frost rings and light rings in Canadian black spruce has been detected in previously published chronologies. The co-occurrence of oak frost in spring followed by light rings in summer often reflects an enhanced La Nina-El Nino cycle. An amplified El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may be suggested by the four such co-occurrences from 1814 to 1819, which could help explain many ambiguities in the worldwide temperature response to the cataclysmic eruption of Tambora in 1815.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=744592481\&sid=13\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Stahle, David W.} } @article {912, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1985}, month = {05/1985}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

Since Edmun Schulman\’s initial interest in 1953, the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research has conducted dendrochronological studies of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey, sp. Nov.) in the White Mountains of east-central California where living trees reach ages in excess of 4,000 years. The focus of this report relates to the support by the Geology and Anthropology sections in the National Science Foundation under grant EAR-8018687 for the period 1 April 1981 to 31 October 1984 with the assistance of the Department of Energy contract no. DE-AC02-81EV10680 covering the period 1 May 1981 to 31 October 1982.

A summary of this research was recently published in Radiocarbon (Ferguson and Graybill 1983). In most cases various facets of the work were related to projects sponsored by all agencies. Therefore the full range of activities during that period is described herein. The primary project goals were:

  1. To extend the bristlecone pine chronology from the White Mountains of California beyond 6700 B.C. and strengthen it by incorporating additional specimens.
  2. To develop bristlecone pine chronologies in new areas for applications in archaeology, isotopic studies, and other earth sciences.
  3. To furnish dendrochronologically dated wood to researchers engaged in the study of past variations in carbon isotopes and climate.
}, keywords = {anthropology, Archaeology, bristlecone pine, california, carbon isotopes, chronology, climate, dendrochronology, Geology, isotopic studies, pinus longaeva, technical report, tree ring, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W. and Graybill, D.A.} } @article {926, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1984}, month = {08/1984}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {anthropology, Bristlecone, bristlecone pine, california, carbon isotopes, chronology, climate, dendrochronology, Geology, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W. and Graybill, D.A.} } @article {927, title = {Bristlecone Pine Project Status}, year = {1983}, month = {08/1983}, keywords = {Bristlecone, bristlecone pine, california, chronology, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @article {924, title = {Unsolicited Proposal Submitted to the Department of Energy for Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1980}, month = {04/1980}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Since 1953 the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research has conducted dendrochronological studies of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey, sp. nov.) in the White Mountains of California. This research resulted in the establishment of a continuous tree-ring sequence of 8,680 years which proved to be a unique source of chronological data and provided precisely dated wood specimens essential to certain paleoenvironmental and geophysical investigations. Dendrochronologically dated decade samples of bristlecone pine continue to be supplied to C-14 laboratories for the calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, a development of far reaching consequences in the fields of archaeology and geology. To more fully understand the causative factors, especially the activity of the sun, a critical need exists to better define the fluctuations and trends of the C-14 curve through even stronger and earlier bristlecone pine controls. In addition, recent advances in other methods of analyzing past climatic variability \–particularly techniques involving stable isotope ratios\—have greatly increased the demand for wood of known age and, hence, for chronology development.

During the past 18 months, the early portions of the chronology have been greatly strengthened and extended. The objective of the proposed research is to continue the extension of the bristlecone pine chronology further into the past and to strengthen it by incorporating additional dated specimens from the White Mountains and nearby areas. Prospects for a 10,000-year chronology appear increasingly possible.

}, keywords = {Bristlecone, bristlecone pine, C-14, california, chronology, dendrochronology, department of energy, pinus longaeva, radiocarbon, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @book {816, title = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere 1. Argentina}, series = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere}, year = {1979}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {argentina, chronology, date, dendrochronology, hemisphere, south america, southern, tree ring}, author = {LaMarche, V.C. and Holmes, R.L. and Dunwiddie, P.W. and Drew, L.G.} } @book {817, title = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere 2. Chile}, series = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere}, year = {1979}, keywords = {chile, chronology, date, dendrochronology, south america, southern hemisphere, tree ring}, author = {LaMarche, V.C. and Holmes, R.L. and Dunwiddie, P.W. and Drew, L.G.} } @book {819, title = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere 3. New Zealand}, series = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere}, year = {1979}, publisher = {The Tree Ring Laboratory}, organization = {The Tree Ring Laboratory}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {chronologies, date, dendrochronology, new zealand, southern hemisphere}, author = {LaMarche, V.C. and Holmes, R.L. and Dunwiddie, P.W. and Drew, L.G.} } @book {823, title = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere 5. South Africa}, series = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere}, year = {1979}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {africa, chronology, date, dendrochronology, south africa, southern hemisphere, tree ring}, author = {LaMarche, V.C. and Holmes, R.L. and Dunwiddie, P.W. and Drew, L.G.} } @mastersthesis {567, title = {Tree-Ring Dating of Selected Arkansas Log Buildings}, volume = {MA}, year = {1978}, school = {University of Arkansas}, author = {Stahle, David W.} } @mastersthesis {552, title = {An Analysis of Radial Growth of Chestnut Oak and Pitch Pine}, volume = {MS}, year = {1977}, school = {Virginia Polytech Institute and State University}, keywords = {Forestry and Forest Products}, author = {Rauscher, Harald M.} } @mastersthesis {499, title = {Wilderness Ecology: The Danaher Creek Drainage, Bob Marshall Wilderness, Montana}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Montana}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=760480581\&sid=1\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Gabriel III, Herman W.} } @book {620, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico I,O,U Central Rio Grande Area}, year = {1972}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, date, dendrochronology, new mexico, rio grande area, tree rings}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Hannah, John W. and Harrill, Bruce G.} } @book {613, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico M-N,S,Z Southwestern New Mexico Area}, year = {1970}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dating, dendrochronology, new mexico, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Hannah, John W. and Robinson, William J.} } @article {751, title = {Bristlecone Pine Science and Esthetics}, year = {1968}, note = {Copies of this are available from the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, chronology, esthetics, science, tree ring}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @article {935, title = {Interim Progress Report Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1968}, month = {06/1968}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Interim Progress Report}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, california, dendrochronology, NSF, pinus aristata, progress report, radiocarbon, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @mastersthesis {528, title = {A Comparative Anatomical Study on the Effects of Mutant Genes on the Pericarp and Seed Coat of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)}, volume = {MS}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Achenes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) exhibiting the normal or wild type hull and the mutations for thin-hull (th), brown striped-hull (stp), gray striped-hull (gs), pigmentless (p), and light seed coat (lt) were separately and in various combinations studied anatomically to correlate the external appearance of the hull with its internal anatomy. The hull of the mature normal safflower achene was found to be composed of a pericarp, seed coat, and a one cell layer of endosperm. In studying transverse sections of the hull, the pericarp was found to be made up of two highly sclerified layers separated by a countinuous phytomelanin layer, and the seed coat was composed of a dark brown multiple outer epidermis, a layer of parenchyma cells, and an inner epidermis of crushed cells. The one cell layer of endosperm was centripetal and adnate to the seed coat. Mutations were found to differ from the normal-hull in the degree of thickness, localization of thickness, lignification, and compression of the sclerenchyma layers of the pericarp. They also differed in the absence and localization of the phytomelanin layer, the color of the outer epidermis of the integument, and the degree of thickness of the parenchymous layer of the integument.}, author = {Lockwood, Tommie E.} } @article {937, title = {Interim Report on the Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine Prior to 4,000 B.C.}, year = {1966}, month = {12/1966}, type = {Interim Report}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @book {612, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona K Puerco--Wide Ruin--Ganado Area}, year = {1966}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dendrochronology, Puerco wide ruin, southwest}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Hannah, John W. and Robinson, William J.} } @book {611, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona N-Q Verde-Showlow-St. Johns Area}, year = {1966}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {arizona tree ring dates, dendrochronology, honanki, King{\textquoteright}s Ranch Ruin, oak creek, showlow, St. Johns, tree ring dates, tuzugoot, verde}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Gell, Elizabeth A.M. and Hannah, John W.} } @mastersthesis {570, title = {The Differentiation of Tracheary Elements from the Cambium of Pinus Edulis Engelm: The Correlation of Differentiation with Measured Ring Width and Environmental Factors}, volume = {MS}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

This study was undertaken to determine by means of thin sections, the sequence of tracheid production in pinyon pine and to compare these findings with instrumental measurements of radial increases and with phonological observations\…

}, author = {Stokes, M.} } @article {934, title = {Continuation of Studies on the Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine (Pinus aristata Englem.) (Continuation of Research Grant NSF-G 19949): A Research Proposal }, year = {1963}, month = {05/1963}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Research Proposal}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

The original research grant NSF-G 19949, effective October 1, 1961, for the dendrochronology of bristlecone pine has made it possible: (1) to develop a workable chronology extending back 3850 years, (2) to carry out studies of tree growth as related to environmental parameters through two field seasons, and (3) to make some statistical comparisions which indicate (a) that there is no significant difference between young and old trees in radial growth response to environmental variables, (b) that there are significant correlations between bristlecone pine and other coniferous species extending up to 1000 miles east and southeast, and (c) that there is strong evidence that bristlecone pine will provide a good basis for extending climatic interpretations to at least 2600 B.C.

The present request is for funds: (1) to complete an exact chronology made possible through the study of both living and dead material in the White Mountains of California; (2) to extend the chronology building to other key tree-ring areas in the Colorado River Basin with the aim of determining the past climatic chronology; (3) to statistically evaluate the various chronologies thus established for interrelations with climate and with other tree-ring series; (4) to continue the environmental studies and evaluations through a third growing season, 1964; (5) to determine the biological model of cause and effect and its statistical counterpart for estimating climate from these tree-ring series; and (6) to provide for the closely integrated radiocarbon analysis of tree-ring material.

The results will be used (1) to strengthen dendrochronological dating and to provide a master tree-ring chronology which can be used by climatologists, archaeologists, radiocarbon investigators, and others; (2) to strengthen and geographically extend the dendroclimatological studies of Schulman (1956), especially in the Colorado River Basin; (3) to provide, when integrated with various environmental studies now being conducted, a stronger basis for environmental interpretations, based on the difference in radial growth shown by trees that respond primarily to differences in precipitation. This information will be of great value to meteorologists, hydrologists, and others, including the Inter-Union Commission on Solar and Terrestrial Relationships.

}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, california, chronology, colorado river basin, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, extend, NSF, pinus aristata, white mountains}, author = {McGinnies, W.G.} } @article {939, title = {Ramifications of Chronology Building in Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1963}, month = {11/1963}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Written From Tape Recording of Talk}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, california, chronology building, climate, radiocarbon dating, ramifications, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @article {932, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine (Pinus aristata Engelm) as a Basis for the Extension of Dendroclimatic Indices: Research Proposal}, year = {1960}, month = {12/1960}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Research Proposal }, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

It is proposed to make an analysis of growth-rings of bristlecone pine, to construct a tree-ring chronology covering more than four millenia and to investigate the relationship between the tree-rings and climate with the objective of establishing precipitation indices. The research will be based on previous findings with other species and will follow techniques and methodologies developed at the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. The research will continue studies initiated by Edmund Schukman under NSF Grant G2274 but terminated by his untimely death in 1958. During the period Dr. Schulman was operating under the NSF Grant, the full significance of the bristlecone pine discovery became apparent, and he left a legacy of material that will make it possible to carry research further into the past than was envisioned at the time the grant was made. The present proposal has been expanded to take advantage of this enlarged opportunity.

The research will be conducted on a team basis, utilizing all the skills available at the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. The Director of the Laboratory will serve as Principal Investigator, but will utilize the training and knowlege of the laboratory staff in supervising the research program.

}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, dendrochronology, dendroclimatic indices, dendroclimatology, extention, NSF grant, pinus aristata, tree ring chronology}, author = {McGinnies, W.G.} } @article {626, title = {A Trip to the Summit of Orizaba, The Altitudes of Orizaba and Popocatepetl Effects of High-Mountain Climbing}, journal = {Appalachia}, volume = {Vol. VIII}, year = {1898}, keywords = {Douglass, Orizaba, Popocatepetl, travel}, author = {Cogshall, W.A. and Douglass, A.E.} } @article {938, title = {Report on the Chronology Phase of the Bristlecone Pine Study}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, california, chronology phase, dendrochronology, extend, pinus aristata, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} }