@mastersthesis {842, title = {Fire History and Fire Climate Relationships in Upper Elevation Forests of the Southwestern United States}, volume = {Ph.D}, year = {2007}, note = {

Please contact the Laboratory of Tree Ring Research for a copy of this dissertation. The file is too large to be uploaded at this time.

}, pages = {182}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Dissertation}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Fire history and fire-climate relationships of upper elevation forests of the southwestern United States are imperative for informing management decisions in the face of increased crown fire occurrence and climate change. I used dendroecological techniques to reconstruct fires and stand-replacing fire patch size in Madrean Sky Islands and Mogollon Plateau. Reconstructed patch size (1685-1904) was compared with contemporary patch size (1996-2004). Reconstructed fires at three sites had stand-replacing patches totaling \> 500 ha. No historical stand-replacing fire patches were evident in the mixed conifer/aspen forests of the Sky Islands. Maximum stand-replacing fire patch size of modern fires (1129 ha) was greater than that reconstructed from aspen (286 ha) and spruce-fir (521 ha). Updated spruce-fir patches may be evidence of larger (\>2000ha) stand-replacing fire patches.

To provide climatological context for fire history I used correlation and regionalization analyses to document spatial and temporal variability in climate regions, and El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) teleconnections using 273 tree-ring chronologies (1732-1979). Four regions were determined by common variability in annual ring width. The component time score series replicate spatial variability in 20th century droughts (e.g., 1950\’s) and pluvials (e.g., 1910\’s). Two regions were significantly correlated with instrumental SOI and AMO, and three with PDO. Sub-regions within the southwestern U.S. varied geographically between the instrumental (1900-1979) and the pre-instrumental periods (1732-1899). Mapped correlations between ENSO, PDO and AMO, and tree-ring indices illustrate detailed sub-regional variability in teleconnections.

I analyzed climate teleconnections, and fire-climate relationships of historical upper elevation fires from 16 sites in 8 mountain ranges. I tested for links between Palmer Drought Severity Index and tree-ring reconstructed ENSO, PDO and AMO phases (1905-1978 and 1700-1904). Upper elevation fires (115 fires, 84 fire years, 1623-1904) were compared with climate indices. ENSO, PDO, and AMO affected regional PDSI, but AMO and PDO teleconnections changed between periods. Fire occurrence was significantly related to inter-annual variability in PDSI, precipitation, ENSO, and phase combinations of ENSO and PDO, but not AMO (1700-1904). Reduced upper elevation fire (1785-1840) was coincident with a cool AMO phase.

}, keywords = {AMO, climate, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, ENSO, environment, fire, fire history, forest, madrean sky islands, mogollon plateau, mountain, PDO, southwest, teleconnection, tree ring, upper elevation, Watershed Management}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1375523671\&sid=1\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD.}, author = {Margolis, Ellis Quinn} } @mastersthesis {647, title = {Climate of rebellion: The relationship between climate variability and indigenous uprisings in mid-eighteenth-century Sonora}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A series of indigenous rebellions took place in mid-eighteenth-century Sonora that caused Spain to alter its colonial policies, depending less on the Jesuit mission system and more on a professional military force for pacifying and controlling the region. The rebellions coincided with a shift toward a drought-dominant climate pattern that began in the late 1720s. This study explores the relationship between that climatic shift and the rebellions by narrowing the focus to several disturbances and insurrections among the Seris, Pimas Bajos, and Yaquis during the period of 1725-1742. Research centers on climate variability, the relationship between climate patterns and indigenous subsistence practices, and whether Spanish colonial policies and institutions rendered these practices more or less vulnerable to environmental perturbations. Because the same environmental factors shaping indigenous subsistence strategies also affected Spanish decision-making, the development of Spanish colonization in Sonora is reviewed within an ecological framework as well, recognizing the interaction among the environment and political, economic, and demographic factors. This study adopts a multidisciplinary approach integrating paleoclimatic, ethnohistorical, ethnographic, and archaeological sources of data to establish patterns of precipitation and reconstruct indigenous subsistence systems within their local environments, both before and after Spanish colonial rule. The research presents evaluations and English translations of numerous Spanish texts that include description of local environments; indigenous land use, reliance on crops versus wild resources, scheduling, harvest, and/or storage; significant climatic events such as droughts or floods; and the events of specific insurrections. The research also considers Spanish policies and institutions as they developed in Sonora, and changes they engendered in indigenous subsistence organization and the environment. This study assesses the effectiveness of those changes in the face of climate fluctuations, and scrutinizes Seri, Pima Bajo, and Yaqui disturbances and insurrections as responses to Spanish-induced subsistence changes under escalating colonial pressures and climate-related environmental stresses. On a broader level, this research demonstrates the potential of the documentary record, when combined with advances in climate research, for increasing our understanding of human vulnerability to climate change, human responses and coping strategies, and the impacts of human behavior on climate. }, keywords = {climate, Eighteenth century, Indigenous, Rebellion, Sonora, Uprisings}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=795926481\&sid=4\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Dale Brenneman} } @mastersthesis {661, title = {Late Quaternary vegetation history of the southern Owens Valley region, Inyo County, California}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1996}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {This study analyzes the pollen, spores, and algae in the upper 90 m section of a mostly continuous, well dated, 323 m core (OL-92) from Owens Lake, southeastern California. The entire core has produced a paleoclimatic record for the past $\sim$800 ka. The 90 m interval dates from $\sim$9 ka to $\sim$151 ka beginning with the penultimate glaciation and ending during the termination of the last glaciation. The record shows high amplitude fluctuations in the abundances of pine, juniper, saltbush, sagebrush, chenopods/amaranths, and Ambrosia-type pollen. High percentages of juniper pollen with low percentages of desertscrub pollen during the intervals $\sim$150 ka to $\sim$120 ka and 73 ka to $\sim$20 ka alternate with low juniper pollen and relatively high percentages of desertscrub and oak pollen during the intervals $\sim$118 ka to $\sim$103 ka and $\sim$18 ka $\sim$10 ka and into the Holocene. Sagebrush pollen varies with juniper pollen but has a tendency to lead it in time. Pine and fir pollen tends to vary inversely with juniper over the long term. These trends are interpreted as vegetation change in response to glacial-interglacial cycles: During cold-wet glacial climates there was a downslope expansion of juniper woodland and sagebrush scrub, contraction of Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest, and displacement of warm desertscrub, suggesting average temperature and precipitation departures from modern values ranging from $-$2$\sp\circ$C to $-$6$\sp\circ$C and from +100 mm to +350 mm. Conversely under warmer and drier interglacials warm desert shrubs expanded their range in the lowlands, juniper and sagebrush retreated upslope, and the Sierran forests expanded. Estimated average temperature and precipitation departures from modern values ranged from $-$0.5$\sp\circ$C to +3.7$\sp\circ$C and +13 to $-$26 mm. Comparison of the pollen spectra spanning the penultimate and ultimate glacial maxima shows the former to have been longer and more intense, in accord with the Sierra Nevada glacial record. Similarly, the higher abundances of Ambrosia pollen during the last interglaciation, compared to the Holocene, indicate warmer temperatures in the former. The presence of high oak percentages also during the last interglaciation suggest an expansion of the summer monsoon. Finally, the match of the juniper curve with the marine oxygen isotope chronostratigraphy suggests a link between vegetation change in the southern Owens Valley and global climate.}, keywords = {climate, glaciation, global change, juniper, pine, sagebrush, saltbrush}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739577661\&sid=22\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Wallace Woolfenden} } @article {912, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1985}, month = {05/1985}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

Since Edmun Schulman\’s initial interest in 1953, the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research has conducted dendrochronological studies of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey, sp. Nov.) in the White Mountains of east-central California where living trees reach ages in excess of 4,000 years. The focus of this report relates to the support by the Geology and Anthropology sections in the National Science Foundation under grant EAR-8018687 for the period 1 April 1981 to 31 October 1984 with the assistance of the Department of Energy contract no. DE-AC02-81EV10680 covering the period 1 May 1981 to 31 October 1982.

A summary of this research was recently published in Radiocarbon (Ferguson and Graybill 1983). In most cases various facets of the work were related to projects sponsored by all agencies. Therefore the full range of activities during that period is described herein. The primary project goals were:

  1. To extend the bristlecone pine chronology from the White Mountains of California beyond 6700 B.C. and strengthen it by incorporating additional specimens.
  2. To develop bristlecone pine chronologies in new areas for applications in archaeology, isotopic studies, and other earth sciences.
  3. To furnish dendrochronologically dated wood to researchers engaged in the study of past variations in carbon isotopes and climate.
}, keywords = {anthropology, Archaeology, bristlecone pine, california, carbon isotopes, chronology, climate, dendrochronology, Geology, isotopic studies, pinus longaeva, technical report, tree ring, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W. and Graybill, D.A.} } @proceedings {750, title = {The Use and Limitation of Dendrochronology in Studying the Effects of Air Pollution on Forests}, year = {1985}, note = {

Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, keywords = {agriculture, air pollution, climate, dendrochronology, environment, forests, wetlands}, author = {Cook, Edward Roger} } @article {926, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1984}, month = {08/1984}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {anthropology, Bristlecone, bristlecone pine, california, carbon isotopes, chronology, climate, dendrochronology, Geology, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W. and Graybill, D.A.} } @article {772, title = {Eine jahrringanalytische Studie zum Nadelbaumsterben in der Schweiz}, year = {1983}, note = {Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. This edition of the reports is from the Swiss Federal Institute of Forestry Research. }, month = {08/1983}, institution = {Eidgenossische Anstalt fur das Forstliche Versuchswesen}, address = {Birmensdorf}, abstract = {Application of annual ring analysis in investigations of conifer die-back in Switzerland Obviously unhealthy confiders show abrupt tree-ring growth reductions which are datable without measurements. By investigation of large amount of samples on different sites in Switzerland we calculated the areal distribution of damaged trees and the damage occurrence within time. Geographical distribution and time patterns yield to relations between climatic and pollution events. The heavy damages on fir started in Switzerland 1956. Approximately 75\% of all firs in Switzerland{\textquoteright}s central plateau show growth reductions. Local damages exist in the Rhone-valley since 1920. }, keywords = {climate, damages, environment, fir, growth, growth reduction, pollution, Switzerland, tree ring}, author = {Schweingruber, Fritz H. and Kontic, Raymond and Winkler-Seifert, Amanda} } @article {748, title = {Analysis of Tree Rings and Climatic Changes}, year = {1978}, keywords = {changes, climate, dendrochronology, environment, tree rings}, author = {unknown} } @article {768, title = {Tree-ring evidence of past climatic variability}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {276}, year = {1978}, note = {

Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the lab for more information.

}, keywords = {ancient, climate, environment, paleoclimatology, past, record, tree ring}, author = {LaMarche, V.C.} } @article {749, title = {Climatic Information from Analysis of Cellulose Lignin and Whole Wood from Tree Rings}, volume = {270}, year = {1977}, note = {Copies of this are available from the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {analysis, cellulose, climate, dendrochronology, lignin, tree ring, tree rings}, author = {unknown} } @article {878, title = {Dendroclimatic Variability in the American Southwest A.D. 680 to 1970}, year = {1977}, month = {03/1977}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, department, interior, national park service, paleoclimate, report, southwest, tree ring, variability}, author = {Dean, Jeffrey S. and Robinson, William J.} } @article {764, title = {History of Droughts in Washington State}, year = {1977}, keywords = {climate, droughts, environment, historic, history, washington, water}, author = {Governors Ad Hoc Executive Water Emergency Committee Staff} } @article {763, title = {Tree Rings A Record of Climate Past}, year = {1977}, note = {

Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, publisher = {U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Environmental Data Service}, address = {Washington, D.C. }, keywords = {climate, climatology, dendrochronology, environment, tree rings}, author = {Fritts, H.} } @article {767, title = {Climatic Information from Ratios of Cellulose in Tree Rings}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {262}, year = {1976}, keywords = {18 isotope, cellulose, climate, environment, O, oxygen, paleoclimatology, ratios, tree rings}, author = {Gray, John and Thompson, Peter} } @booklet {759, title = {Paleoclimatology}, year = {1973}, keywords = {ancient, climate, dendrochronology, environment, paleoclimatology, tree rings}, author = {Fritts, H.} } @article {758, title = {Growth Rings of Trees: Their Correlation with Climate}, volume = {154}, year = {1966}, note = {

Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, growth, tree rings}, author = {Fritts, H.} } @article {939, title = {Ramifications of Chronology Building in Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1963}, month = {11/1963}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Written From Tape Recording of Talk}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, california, chronology building, climate, radiocarbon dating, ramifications, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @article {790, title = {Tree Rings and Climatic Cycles, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, Astronomical Studies}, volume = {XXIV}, year = {1944}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {astronomy, climate, dating, dendrochronology, Douglass, environment, fraternity, historic, tree ring, tree ring laboratory}, author = {Peterson, Roy M. and Douglass, A.E.} } @article {731, title = {Tree Growth and Climatic Cycles}, volume = {XXXVII}, year = {1933}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {climate, climatic cycles, Douglass, environment, historic, tree growth, tree rings}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {788, title = {Trees and Droughts in Arizona}, journal = {Professional Engineer}, year = {1931}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, Douglass, droughts, environment, historic, tree, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @proceedings {778, title = {Reports on the Conferences of Cycles}, year = {1929}, publisher = {Carneige Institution}, address = {Washington, D.C. }, keywords = {climate, conference, cycles, Douglass, environment, historic, tree}, author = {Carneigie Institution of Washington} } @article {780, title = {Climate and Trees}, year = {1928}, keywords = {climate, climatology, Douglass, environment, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {739, title = {Radio Talks on Science}, volume = {XXI}, year = {1925}, keywords = {climate, Douglass, radio, tree rings}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {682, title = {Some Aspects of the Use of the Annual Rings in Trees in Climatic Study}, year = {1922}, keywords = {annual, climate, climatic study, Douglass, environment, tree rings}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {683, title = {Some Topographic and Climatic Characters in the Annual Ring of the Yellow Pines and Sequoias of the Southwest }, journal = {Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society}, volume = {LXI}, year = {1922}, keywords = {annual, characteristics, characters, climate, climatic, dates, dating, Douglass, environment, ring, sequoias, southwest, topographic, tree ring, tree rings, yellow pine}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {644, title = {Evidence of Climatic Effects in the Annual Rings}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {1}, year = {1920}, keywords = {annual rings, climate, climatic, Douglass, Ecology, effect, effects, evidence, historic, rings, tree}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {781, title = {Climatic Records in the Trunks of Trees}, year = {1917}, keywords = {climate, climatology, Douglass, environment, historic, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {789, title = {Weather Cycles in the Growth of Big Trees}, year = {1908}, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, Douglass, environment, historic, tree ring, weather}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {798, title = {Indications of a Rainy Period in Southern Peru}, volume = {XX}, year = {1892}, keywords = {climate, Douglass, environment, historic, peru, sun spot}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {806, title = {La Inundacion de 1868}, year = {1892}, keywords = {astronomy, climate, Douglass, environment, inundacion, spanish}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @book {753, title = {Climate from Tree Rings}, note = {

Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, paleoclimatology, tree rings}, author = {Hughes, M.K. and LaMarche, V.C. and Pilcher, J.R. and Kelly, P.M.} }