@mastersthesis {842, title = {Fire History and Fire Climate Relationships in Upper Elevation Forests of the Southwestern United States}, volume = {Ph.D}, year = {2007}, note = {

Please contact the Laboratory of Tree Ring Research for a copy of this dissertation. The file is too large to be uploaded at this time.

}, pages = {182}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Dissertation}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Fire history and fire-climate relationships of upper elevation forests of the southwestern United States are imperative for informing management decisions in the face of increased crown fire occurrence and climate change. I used dendroecological techniques to reconstruct fires and stand-replacing fire patch size in Madrean Sky Islands and Mogollon Plateau. Reconstructed patch size (1685-1904) was compared with contemporary patch size (1996-2004). Reconstructed fires at three sites had stand-replacing patches totaling \> 500 ha. No historical stand-replacing fire patches were evident in the mixed conifer/aspen forests of the Sky Islands. Maximum stand-replacing fire patch size of modern fires (1129 ha) was greater than that reconstructed from aspen (286 ha) and spruce-fir (521 ha). Updated spruce-fir patches may be evidence of larger (\>2000ha) stand-replacing fire patches.

To provide climatological context for fire history I used correlation and regionalization analyses to document spatial and temporal variability in climate regions, and El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) teleconnections using 273 tree-ring chronologies (1732-1979). Four regions were determined by common variability in annual ring width. The component time score series replicate spatial variability in 20th century droughts (e.g., 1950\’s) and pluvials (e.g., 1910\’s). Two regions were significantly correlated with instrumental SOI and AMO, and three with PDO. Sub-regions within the southwestern U.S. varied geographically between the instrumental (1900-1979) and the pre-instrumental periods (1732-1899). Mapped correlations between ENSO, PDO and AMO, and tree-ring indices illustrate detailed sub-regional variability in teleconnections.

I analyzed climate teleconnections, and fire-climate relationships of historical upper elevation fires from 16 sites in 8 mountain ranges. I tested for links between Palmer Drought Severity Index and tree-ring reconstructed ENSO, PDO and AMO phases (1905-1978 and 1700-1904). Upper elevation fires (115 fires, 84 fire years, 1623-1904) were compared with climate indices. ENSO, PDO, and AMO affected regional PDSI, but AMO and PDO teleconnections changed between periods. Fire occurrence was significantly related to inter-annual variability in PDSI, precipitation, ENSO, and phase combinations of ENSO and PDO, but not AMO (1700-1904). Reduced upper elevation fire (1785-1840) was coincident with a cool AMO phase.

}, keywords = {AMO, climate, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, ENSO, environment, fire, fire history, forest, madrean sky islands, mogollon plateau, mountain, PDO, southwest, teleconnection, tree ring, upper elevation, Watershed Management}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1375523671\&sid=1\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD.}, author = {Margolis, Ellis Quinn} } @mastersthesis {910, title = {Stand Replacing Fire History and Aspen Ecology in the Upper Rio Grande Basin}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {2003}, pages = {94}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Dendroecological techniques were applied to reconstruct stand-replacing fire history in mixed conifer and spruce-fir forests in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. Stand-replacing fire dates with annual accuracy and precision were determined using four lines of evidence for each of twelve sites within a 75,000 square kilometer area. The four lines of evidence were: (1) aspen inner-ring dates, (2) conifer death dates, (3) tree-ring width changes, or other morphological indicators of injury, and (4) fire scars. The annual precision of dating allowed the identification of significant synchrony of stand replacing fires among the 12 sites and regional surface fire events previously reconstructed from the large network of fire scar collections in the Southwest. Nearly all of these synchronous stand-replacing and surface fire years coincided with extreme droughts. This suggests that stand-replacing fire activity occurred primarily when drought conditions allowed fires to ignite and spread within these high elevation forests and/or for the spread of surface fires between lower and upper elevations. Fifty percent of reconstructed stand-replacing fires pre-dated large-scale Euro-American settlement in this region. This may suggest that land use practices (such as logging and mining) were not as important in promoting stand-replacing fires in these study sites, as compared with other areas in Colorado.

}, keywords = {aspen, basin, colorado, conifer, dendrochronology, dendroecology, Ecology, fire, fire history, new mexico, rio grande, spruce fir, stand replacing, tree ring}, author = {Margolis, Ellis Quinn} } @mastersthesis {832, title = {Climate Response, Age Distribution, and Fire History of a Corkbark Fir (Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica) Stand in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {2001}, pages = {83}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

The southernmost known North American stand of corkbark fir (Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonaica (Merriam) Lemm.) is found in the Santa Catalina Mountains just north of Tucson, Arizona. Climate response, age distribution, and fire history were studied in this small corkbark fir stand to provide baseline information for future management. Response function analysis indicated April-June precipitation from the current growing season, April-June temperature from the current growing season, November-March precipitation prior to the growing season, and August-October precipitation from the previous growing season as the most highly correlated factor with ring-width variance. Age distritbution appeared to be a steady state. A fire chronology developed for the corkbark fir site was sused to test synchroneity of fire events with previously developed chronologies from nearby sites. Chi-squared analyses indicated significant association of fire years for all sites but not spread of fire from one site to another.

}, keywords = {age distribution, Arizona, climatology, corkbark, dendrochronology, fir stand, fire, mountains, santa catalina}, author = {June Psaltis} } @mastersthesis {839, title = {Spatial Relationships in Frost-Damaged High-Elevation Pines and Links to Major Volcanic Eruptions}, volume = {MS}, year = {2001}, pages = {67}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Frost injury in the annual growth rings of pines growing at upper treeline is a consequence of sudden freezing temperatures during the growing season (LaMarche \& Hirschboeck 1984). This updated and spatially extensive frost-ring study involves the systematic identification of frost rings in high-elevation pines located in 16 western USA tree-ring sites whose chronologies range from 1692 BC to AD 2000. Several \"notable frost events\" were identified, based on the criteria of frost damage occurring in greater than 25\% of trees at a given site and in two or more sites. The spatial variations between frost events indicate regional variations based on differences in elevation, latitude, and the location of polar outbreaks and their associated upper-level atmosphere circulation patterns. The 17 notable frost events correspond to previous frost ring and light ring evidence, and 13 of them are associated with climatically effective volcanic eruptions.

}, keywords = {atmosphere circulation, damage, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, frost, high elevation, pine, polar outbreak, relationship, spacial, tree ring, tree-ring, volcanic eruption}, author = {Hallman, Christine Lee} } @mastersthesis {558, title = {Tree-Ring Reconstruction of Western Spruce Budworm Outbreaks in the Rio Grande National Forest, Colorado}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1999}, pages = {97}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Tree-ring records were used to reconstruct the spatial and temporal patterns of western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) outbreaks in the Rio Grande National Forest (RGNF) of southern Colorado. Reconstructions at 11 host stands showed a synchronous pattern of outbreaks with a peak in the number of trees recording outbreaks over the entire RGNF on average every 24 years. These synchronous periods of outbreaks coincided with periods of increased moisture as indicated by an independently reconstructed summer Palmer Drought Severity Index, while relatively few trees recorded outbreaks during dry periods. The reconstruction on the RGNF does not support the hypothesis that human land use has significantly altered outbreak patterns. Tree response to outbreaks in the RGNF was different from prior studies as reductions in the growth were typically detectable only when growth was compared to that of nonhost tree species.

}, keywords = {colorado, dendrochronology, department of agriculture, forest service, national forest, outbreak, palmer drought severity index, RGNF, rio grande, tree ring, western spruce budworm}, author = {Ryerson, Daniel E.} } @mastersthesis {516, title = {Fire History in Riparian Canyon Pine-Oak Forests and the Intervening Desert Grasslands of the Southwest Borderlands: A Dendroecological, Historical, and Cultural Inquiry}, volume = {MS}, year = {1998}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Dendroecological, documentary, and ethnoecological evidence were combined to provide an integrated understanding of past natural and cultural fires in the Southwest Borderlands. Fire frequency for the desert grasslands was inferred from synchronous intercanyon fire events. Mean fire intervals range between 4-8 years in canyon pine-oak forests, 4-9 years in the intervening desert grasslands, and 5-9 years in the mixed-conifer forests. Riparian canyon pine-oak forests were important corridors for fire spread between the desert grasslands and higher-elevation forests. The decline of post-settlement (\>1870s) fires typical of most forests in U.S., is not evident south of the border in Mexico.

Documentary evidence reveals the Apache had detailed knowledge of fire, that burning practices were controlled and limited, and ecosystem enhancement through intentional burning was not suggested. However, the common exception was burning practiced during wartime periods, principally by the Apache but also by the Spanish, Mexicans, and later Americans. Fire reconstructions indicate that wartime-period fires were significantly more frequent than peacetime periods at several canyon-rancher{\'I}a sites.

}, keywords = {apache, borderland, cultural, dendrochronology, dendroecological, desert grassland, ethnoecological, fire, fire history, historical, Mexico, oak, peacetime, pine, post settlement, riparian, southwest, spanish, wartime, Watershed Management}, author = {Kaib, J. Mark} } @mastersthesis {830, title = {A Dendrochronological Record of Pandora Moth (Coloradia Pandora, Blake) Outbreaks in Central Oregon}, volume = {MS}, year = {1997}, pages = {159}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {Pandora moth (Coloradia Pandora Blake) is a phytophagous insect, defoliating ponderosa pine trees in the western United States. However, long-term studies of this insect and its effects on the forest ecosystem have not been conducted. Using dendrochronological techniques, I examined past timing and intensity of defoliation through its effects on radial growth of trees in the forests of south central Oregon. Pandora moth leaves a distinctive ring-width "signature" that was easily identifiable in the wood. The growth for the first year of the signature was half the normal ring-width with narrow latewood. The following two years produced extremely narrow rings, with the entire suppression lasting from 4 to 18 years. Twenty-two individual outbreaks were reconstructed from this 620 year chronology. I found that pandora moth outbreaks were episodic in individual sites, with a return interval of 9 to 156 years. Conversely, on the regional scale of south central Oregon, outbreaks demonstrated a 37-year periodicity. On average, pandora moth defoliation caused a 29\% mean periodic growth reduction in defoliated ponderosa pine trees. Spread maps of the first year that sites demonstrated suppression were plotted revealing an apparent annual spread of the outbreaks. Examination of a fire history on one pandora moth outbreak site suggested that pandora moth outbreaks delay fire by interrupting the needle fall needed for fire spread. Superposed epoch analysis showed that the year that the outbreak was first recorded was significantly dry and the fourth year prior was significantly wet. Therefore, climate may be a triggering factor in pandora moth outbreaks. The stem analysis demonstrated that the percent volume reduction was the greatest at the base of the tree and declined further up the bole. The percent volume reduction in the canopy of the trees was variable with outlying high and low values. THe mean volume reduction per outbreak was .053 m3 per tree. Although this insect is considered a forest pest and causes inconvenience for people living nearby, pandora moth is not as widespread and damaging as some other phytophagous insects. However, its very distinctive ring-width signature and the length of the ponderosa pine record enables reconstruction of very long outbreak histories, which may deepen our understanding of the interaction between defoliating insects and their ecosystem. }, keywords = {Coloradia pandora, dendrochronology, entomology, fire, fire history, growth, insect, Oregon, outbreak, pandora moth, phytophagous, ponderosa pine, ring-width, tree ring}, author = {Speer, James Hardy} } @mastersthesis {439, title = {Fire Histories of Upper Elevation Forests in the Gila Wilderness, New Mexico via Fire Scar and Stand Age Structure Analyses}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1997}, pages = {120}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Fire-scar analysis to identify fire events and stand age structure analysis to identify fire effects on survivorship of trees were used to reconstruct surface and crown fire regimes in upper elevation forests of the Gila Wilderness, NM. Fire regimes varied across forest type, but not necessarily across elevation. Prior to the twentieth century, (from 1706 to 1904), the mean interval for large fires was 8 years. During the twentieth century, (from 1904 to 1995), the mean fire return interval for large fires was 46 years. The virtual end of historically frequent fire regimes due to livestock grazing and fire suppression since the turn of the century has affected successional pathways of forest types across elevations, favoring later successional forest species and structures.

}, keywords = {dendrochronology, fire, fire regime, fire scar, gila wilderness, new mexico, stand age, suppression, tree ring, upper elevation}, author = {Abolt,Rena Ann Peck} } @mastersthesis {538, title = {Reconstruction and Interpretation of Historical Patterns of Fire Occurrence in the Organ Mountains, New Mexico}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1996}, pages = {144}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

The purpose of this research was to reconstruct and interpret the history of fire in the Organ Mountains, New Mexico. I used dendrochronological techniques to date fire scars on 90 trees comprising ten sites within the Fillmore Canyon watershed. Two fire regimes were identified during the pre-settlement period. Fire Regime I, 1650-1805, was characterized by a high fire frequency (ca. once every two years) and a predominance of patchy fires. Fire Regime II, 1805-1874, was characterized by a lower fire frequency (ca. once every 3.5 years) and a predominance of widespread fires. During the post-settlement period fire was virtually non-existent. I hypothesize that Apache use-of-fire influenced patterns during the pre-settlement period, while Euro-American land use activities influenced patterns during the post-settlement period. Fire-precipitation associations suggest that low fuel moisture levels were a pre-condition for widespread fires.

}, keywords = {dendrochronology, fillmore canyon, fire, Geography, historical, new mexico, organ mountains, reconstruction}, author = {Morino, Kiyomi Ann} } @mastersthesis {550, title = {A Dendroecological Assessment of Whitebark Pine in the Sawtooth Salmon River Region Idaho}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1995}, pages = {56}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) tree-ring chronologies of 700 to greater than 1,000 years in length were developed for four sites in the Sawtooth-Salmon River region, central Idaho. These ring-width chronologies are used to (1) assess the dendrochronological characteristics of this species, (2) detect annual mortality dates of whitebark pine attributed to a widespread mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) epidemic during the 1909 to 1940 period, and (3) establish the response of whitebark pine tree ring-width growth to climate variables. Crossdating of whitebark pine tree-ring width patterns was verified. Ring-width indices had low mean sensitivity (0.123-0.174) typical of high elevation conifers in western North America, and variable first order autocorrelation (0.206-0.551). Mortality of dominant whitebark pine caused by mountain pine beetle had a maxima at 1930 on all four sites. Response functions and correlation analyses with state divisional weather records indicate that above average radial growth is positively correlated with winter and spring precipitation and inversely correlated with April temperature. These correlations appear to be a response to seasonal snowpack. Whitebark pine is a promising species for dendroclimatic studies.

}, keywords = {dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, dendroctonus ponderosae, dendroecology, idaho, pine beetle, pinus albicaulis, sawtooth salmon river, tree ring, whitebark pine}, author = {Perkins, Dana Lee} } @book {876, title = {A Directory of Tree-Ring Dated Native American Sites in the American Southwest}, year = {1993}, month = {09/1993}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {apache, Archaeology, dating, dendrochronology, directory, Geography, native american, navajo, Pueblo, quandrangle, site, southwest, tree ring, ute}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Ronald H. Towner} } @mastersthesis {905, title = {A Dendrochronological Study of the Great Salt Lake Basin}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1989}, note = {

Please contact the Laboratory of Tree Ring Research to view this thesis.

}, month = {03/1989}, pages = {77}, school = {University of Utah}, address = {Salt Lake City}, abstract = {

To date, no tree-ring chronologies have been generated for the Great Salt Lake basin. There is evidence of a winter air mass boundary across this area. Since the region receives a precipitation maximum in the winter and spring, information about boundary location variability would be useful. Tree-ring widths may be related to climatic variables and provide a record of past climate.

Four tree-ring chronologies in the four corners of the Great Salt Lake basin were generated using standard dendrochronological techniques. Precipitation and temperature data for the area were regionalized and tree-ring indices were correlated with regional temperature seasons and with precipitation regions and seasons. The chronologies were factor analyzed for the period of common growth, 1593-1985, and broken down into seven overlapping one hundred-year periods.

During the period for which there are weather records, tree growth in the northwest site was correlated with temperature variables, while in the other three sites, tree growth was mostly correlated with precipitation. The results of the factor analysis of the chronologies for the seven time periods were consistent with the correlation results. The results also indicate a similar pattern of variation of growth for the time periods of 1593-1650 and 1825-1940.

The four Great Basin chronology sites are located in a unique region and may be used to learn about climatic variability in this area.

}, keywords = {climatic variability, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, Geography, great salt lake basin, indices, precipitation, salt lake, temperature, tree ring}, author = {Connie Woodhouse} } @article {923, title = {Tree-Ring Studies of the Pueblo de Acoma: A Preliminary Report Supplement No. 2}, year = {1988}, month = {08/1988}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

Two final collection trips were made to the Pueblo de Acoma the week of May 15, 1988 and the week of July 19, 1988. The crew again consisted of the author and Jeffrey S. Dean, both from the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research.

Once again the purpose of the trips was to complete work in Area H that had been bypassed on previous visits. This work was in fact completed during the second trip, but the May trip was diverted to work in Area A and Area B because Area H was not yet cleared of household goods. We were fortunate during the May visit to locate a number of structures, uninvolved with the Restoration Project, whose owners gave us permission to core.

A considerable amount of time on both trips was spent comparing the plans of the Restoration Project with the plans drawn by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1934 (Nabokov 1986; see reference in the initial report). As a result, a concordance of the numbering systems was developed (Table 2) to serve as a measure of architectural chance between 1934 and 1988. One unit could not be identified with any certainty and the units in Area F are less than certain. All others are, however, clearly cross referenced.

}, keywords = {anthropology, dendrochronology, new mexico, pueblo de acoma, rehabilitation, sky city, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J.} } @article {922, title = {Tree-Ring Studies of the Pueblo de Acoma: A Preliminary Report Supplement No. 1}, year = {1988}, month = {01/1988}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

A second collection trip was made to the Pueblo de Acoma the week of October 12, 1987. The crew consisted of the author and Jeffrey S. Dean, both from the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research.

The purpose of the trip was to complete those units in Area H that had been bypassed in April 1987. However, since the expected HUD funding had not yet been received, the Restoration Project was not active and the Area H units were still unavailable. As a consequence, only a single unit was cored in Area H with the remainder of the work done in Area F and Area C.

In addition, we had the opportunity to survey Cebolleta Mesa and adjacent areas for living trees, particularly pinyon (Pinus edulis), that might be old enough to overlap with the beams cut in the mid 1600s. This of course would mean trees of an age class of 350 \– 400 years; not impossible for pinyon, but relatively rare. We located two sites, one near Indian Lake on Cebolleta Mesa and one at Mesa Negra Spring at the western edge of the reservation. Both sites should be tested for tree age to determine if full coring is warranted.

For both these activities, coring at Sky City and reconnaissance, we were accompanied by Marvin C. Garcia and Dwight Lucario. Our accomplishments are due in large part to their helpfulness and good humor.

}, keywords = {anthropology, dendrochronology, new mexico, pueblo de acoma, rehabilitation, sky city, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J.} } @mastersthesis {906, title = {Potential for Use of Cottonwoods in Dendrogeomorphology and Paleohydrology}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1987}, pages = {52}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Fremont cottonwoods contain valuable environmental information that can be used to augment knowledge of fluvial systems. Cottonwoods have not been commonly used in dendrochronological studies because of difficulty in determining ring boundaries, uncertainty if growth rings are annual, as well as doubt whether riparian species cross-date. A new method of sample examination utilizing transmitted light permits clear view of ring boundaries, and resampling techniques suggest that the growth rings are annual. The cottonwoods studied are growing along Twentyfive Mile Wash and Harris Wash, both tributaries of the Escalante River in south-central Utah. Cross-dating was found among most of the cottonwood cores, except those from Harris Wash, which were approximately dated by ring counts. After application of rigorous dendrochronological methods, ring counts were deemed to be sufficient to estimate ages of cottonwoods, as the cores contain no missing rings and few false rings. Careful ring counts would accurately estimate the age of these trees to within 1 to 2\%. The cottonwoods studied are partially buried by 2 to 4 m of terrace sediments. Dating of the trees provides a minimum age for the terraces of 130 to 227 years. Lack of cross-dating between the cottonwoods and nearby arid-site ponderosa pines indicates that these species respond to different environmental or climatic factors. The ponderosas are limited by lack of moisture, while correlation analysis suggests that the cottonwoods are limited by excess moisture. Soil saturation often causes a decrease in growth due to insufficient oxygen available to the roots. However, in years with very little precipitation, cottonwood growth appears to be limited by lack of moisture, and in these particular years a small ring occurs in the cottonwood series as well as in the ponderosa series. Growth suppressions in the cottonwoods correlate either with known floods on the Escalante or Paria Rivers, or with droughts. If the suppression is due to drought, a corresponding small ring occurs in the ponderosas. Timing of paleofloods can be interfered from suppressions in the early portion of the cottonwood chronology. Rates of alleviation were estimated at 0.9 to 3.0 cm/yr by dividing the amount of sediment above the basal root flare of the trees by the age of the trees. All of these methods would be especially useful in dendrogeomorphological studies on ungaged watersheds, before periods of record, or in watersheds where cottonwoods are the only tree species available.

}, keywords = {cottonwood, dendrochronology, dendrogeomorphology, escalante, fluvial system, fremont, harris wash, paleoflood, paleohydrology, paria, ponderosa pine, terrace sediment, tree ring, twenty five mile wash, utah}, author = {Clark, Susanmarie} } @article {920, title = {Tree-Ring Studies of the Pueblo de Acoma: A Preliminary Report}, year = {1987}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

In the spring of 1986, the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research was contacted by the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico regarding participation in archaeological clearance of the Pueblo de Acoma (Sky City) Rehabilitation Project. This project, funded by a Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Community Development Block Grant, had been ongoing since 1982 but only recently had considered compliance with the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Section 106).

A meeting and field inspection was held at Acoma in September 1987 with representatives of the Sky City Rehabilitation Project (Vallo), the Museum of New Mexico (Ware, Adams, Ladd), and the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research (Robinson, Dean). This meeting resulted in, among other things, a commitment from the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research to participate in the archaeological clearance and to seek its own funds to do so. As a consequence, a proposal and a budget covering the field work was submitted to a local Tucson foundation and funding was obtained. In the meantime, the Museum of New Mexico continued to work with the Pueblo de Acoma and HUD in developing an application for a new Block Grant.

A second meeting was held at Acoma in January 1987 to discuss implementation of the cooperative agreement. In addition to the previous representatives, the Rehabilitation Project consulting architect (McHenry) and the Bureau of Indian Affairs archaeologist (Harrill) were present. Specific clearance of Area H was discussed and it was agreed that the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research project should be implemented in advance of construction and that some sampling in Area C would be possible in late April 1987.

A final meeting was held in the council chambers of the Pueblo de Acoma on April 21, 1987 with homeowners in Area H whose houses were targeted for rehabilitation in 1987. In addition, the meeting was attended by First Lt. Governor Ray Histia, Mr. Greg Histia of the Acoma Development Authority, Mr. Dennis Vallo and Mr. Marvin Garcia of the Rehabilitation Project, and Dr. John Ware and Mr. Tom Livesly of the Museum of New Mexico as well as the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research crew. Discussions were held regarding scheduling and coordination of the Laboratory\’s work and the concerns of the homeowners. Many homeowners asked questions about how vigas were sampled, how much time it would take, and whether any disturbance would occur. At the conclusion, all homeowners expressed satisfaction and real interest in the project.

}, keywords = {anthropology, dendrochronology, new mexico, pueblo de acoma, rehabilitation, sky city, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J.} } @article {912, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1985}, month = {05/1985}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

Since Edmun Schulman\’s initial interest in 1953, the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research has conducted dendrochronological studies of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey, sp. Nov.) in the White Mountains of east-central California where living trees reach ages in excess of 4,000 years. The focus of this report relates to the support by the Geology and Anthropology sections in the National Science Foundation under grant EAR-8018687 for the period 1 April 1981 to 31 October 1984 with the assistance of the Department of Energy contract no. DE-AC02-81EV10680 covering the period 1 May 1981 to 31 October 1982.

A summary of this research was recently published in Radiocarbon (Ferguson and Graybill 1983). In most cases various facets of the work were related to projects sponsored by all agencies. Therefore the full range of activities during that period is described herein. The primary project goals were:

  1. To extend the bristlecone pine chronology from the White Mountains of California beyond 6700 B.C. and strengthen it by incorporating additional specimens.
  2. To develop bristlecone pine chronologies in new areas for applications in archaeology, isotopic studies, and other earth sciences.
  3. To furnish dendrochronologically dated wood to researchers engaged in the study of past variations in carbon isotopes and climate.
}, keywords = {anthropology, Archaeology, bristlecone pine, california, carbon isotopes, chronology, climate, dendrochronology, Geology, isotopic studies, pinus longaeva, technical report, tree ring, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W. and Graybill, D.A.} } @proceedings {750, title = {The Use and Limitation of Dendrochronology in Studying the Effects of Air Pollution on Forests}, year = {1985}, note = {

Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, keywords = {agriculture, air pollution, climate, dendrochronology, environment, forests, wetlands}, author = {Cook, Edward Roger} } @article {914, title = {Western U.S. Tree-Ring Index Chronology Data for Detection of Arboreal Response to Increasing Carbon Dioxide}, year = {1985}, month = {04/1985}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

This report summarizes tree-ring chronologies recently developed by the University of Arizona Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research that can be used for the purpose of examining tree-ring growth response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Portions of this research were accomplished under contract with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory project \“Detection of forest response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide\” (Darrell C. West, P.I.).

}, keywords = {arboreal response, chronology, dendrochronology, increasing carbon dioxide, increasing co2, tree ring, western us}, author = {Graybill, D.A.} } @article {926, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1984}, month = {08/1984}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {anthropology, Bristlecone, bristlecone pine, california, carbon isotopes, chronology, climate, dendrochronology, Geology, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W. and Graybill, D.A.} } @mastersthesis {904, title = {Fire Regime of the Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta var. murrayana) Forests of the Mt. San Jacinto State Park Wilderness, California}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1984}, note = {

Please contact the Laboratory of Tree Ring Research to view this thesis.

}, month = {08/1984}, pages = {93}, school = {Cornell University}, address = {Ithaca}, abstract = {

For the purpose of providing recommendations for the fire management plan of the Mt. San Jacinto State Park Wilderness, California, the natural fire regime of the lodgepole pine forests within the wilderness was determined. Fire-scarred lodgepole pine trees were cored, and their growth rings crossdated against a composite ring series, to obtain fire date estimates of fires that have burned within the forests during the last 300 years. U.S. Forest Service fire records and personal accounts were also used to determine recent fire history.

Results indicate that the fires within the lodgepole pine forests of Mt. San Jacinto probably were quite small (\< 0.4 ha). Because of this, the fire regime is probably one of low-intensity fires. Fires started principally by lightning and they generally did not spread far because of low woody fuel loading on the ground. These small fires, however, occurred quite frequently throughout the lodgepole pine forests. Fires probably burned every one to two years, and in many years, more than one fire burned. The average fire return interval for separate locations within the lodgepole pine forests was not determined exactly because most of the burned trees had only one fire-scar.

The effects of this fire-regime on the forest vegetation composition was determined. This was accomplished with multiple regression analyses of vegetative and physiographic data collected from the area of each verified fire.

In the 2500 to 2900 m elevation range, white fir generally increased in importance (relative basal area) over lodgepole pine as years since the fire increased. However, the relationships of lodgepole pine and white fir importances to the time since the fire were not statistically significant. Above 2800 m elevation, neither lodgepole pine nor limber pine importance was affected by the fire regime. Throughout the lodgepole pine forests of this wilderness area, the fire regime has not greatly affected the forest vegetation composition.

To compare two methods of obtaining fire year estimates from living, fire-scarred trees, both wedging and coring was done on ten fire-scarred lodgepole pine trees. The rings of the wedges and cores were then crossdated against a composite ring series, and the respective fire year estimates of each method were compared for each tree. Seven pairs of wedges and cores were crossdated, and each pair gave the same fire year estimate for the respective tree. In the situation of single-scarred trees, the coring method, along with dendrochronology dating, should be attempted instead of wedging, which is more destructive to the tree than coring.

Based on this study, I recommend that the fire management plan for the lodgepole pine forests of the Mt. San Jacinto State Park Wilderness contain two options for fire control. First, in areas that have heavy use by recreationists and cultural or historical benefits, fire suppression should begin immediately after a fire has been detected. Second, in all other areas, a \“let burn\” policy should be attempted, whereby the fire would be allowed to die out on its own. This would save the expense of fire suppression, which can be very costly in remote wilderness areas. These fires should be monitored in case they do burn near valuable areas. Prescribed burning is not recommended because of the weak relationship of the fire regime to the forest vegetation composition.

}, keywords = {california, coring, dendrochronology, fire, fire management, fire scar, Limber pine, lodgepole, mt san jacinto, mt san jacinto state park wilderness, pine, pinus contortata, regime, suppression, tree ring, var murrayana, wedging, white fir}, author = {Paul Sheppard} } @article {757, title = {Air Pollutants and Forest Decline}, journal = {Environmental Science Technology}, volume = {17}, year = {1983}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {air pollutants, dendrochronology, forest decline}, author = {Tomlinson, George} } @mastersthesis {571, title = {The Effects of Fire Exclusion on Growth in Mature Ponderosa Pine in Northern Arizona}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1983}, pages = {28}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Dendrochronological techniques were used to assess the effect of fire exclusion on the radial growth of two age classes (approximately 150 to 300 years old) of mature ponderosa pine. Decline in average radial growth in both classes is coincidental with the establishment of a large ponderosa pine seedling crop in 1919 that has since become an extensive stand of stagnant, overcrowded saplings.

F and t tests of tree ring indices comparing the time period before and after 1920 show that growth has significantly declined since 1920 in both age classes. F and t tests comparing the two age classes suggest that growth was similar before 1920, but the older age class shows a significantly stronger growth decline than the younger age class. Spearman Rank Correlation tests indicate that in both groups there was no trend or a tend toward increasing tree ring indices before 1920 in both age classes, but that after 1920 there was a strong, significant trend toward decreasing tree ring indices in both groups, and that the trend is stronger in the older age class. These results suggest that the older trees are experiencing a more pronounced growth suppression effect than the younger trees.

October and July Palmer Drought Severity Indices from 1931 to 1976 were tested for trend toward drought using the Spearman Rank Correlation. There was no trend toward drought during these months, which have the most significant climatic relationship to ponderosa pine growth in northern Arizona. Therefore the growth decline at Chimney Spring may not be attributed to climate.

No environmental factor has changed at Chimney Spring, other than fire exclusion and subsequent seedling establishment. Competition for soil moisture and nutrients, reduced nutrient cycling and soil moisture losses from litter interception may all be factors contributing to the growth decline in the mature ponderosa pines at Chimney Spring.

Key words: age classes, competition, dendrochronology, \“dog-hair\” thickets, fire exclusion, forest, northern Arizona, Pinus ponderosa, radial growth

10-year index:

}, keywords = {age classes, chimney spring, competition, dendrochronology, dog hair thickets, fire, fire exclusion, forest, mature, northern arizona, palmer drought severity indices, pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, radial growth, spearman rank correlation}, author = {Sutherland, Elaine Kennedy} } @mastersthesis {573, title = {Fire History of the Gila Wilderness, New Mexico}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1983}, pages = {156}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

A data base of fire occurrence was established for the Gila Wilderness by analyzing fire scars and compiling fire records. Cross sections of 44 fire scarred ponderosa pine trees (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) were collected from three study areas. Crossdating of more than 800 individual fire scars revealed that extensive surface fires were a common occurrence prior to 1900. Mean fire intervals for a 250-year period prior to 1900 were approximately four to eight years and fire intervals ranged from one to 26 years. Intensive grazing and fire suppression efforts after 1900 resulted in a sudden decrease in number of fires recorded by the sample trees.

A 72-year record (1909-1980) of fire occurrence in the Gila National Forest was compiled from Forest Service records. The fire records and fire scar evidence suggest a need for continued emphasis on fuels reduction and greater flexibility in the Prescribed Natural Fire program.

}, keywords = {crossdate, dendrochronology, fire, fire history, fire scar, gila national forest, gila wilderness, new mexico, pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, tree ring}, author = {Swetnam, T.} } @article {924, title = {Unsolicited Proposal Submitted to the Department of Energy for Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1980}, month = {04/1980}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Since 1953 the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research has conducted dendrochronological studies of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey, sp. nov.) in the White Mountains of California. This research resulted in the establishment of a continuous tree-ring sequence of 8,680 years which proved to be a unique source of chronological data and provided precisely dated wood specimens essential to certain paleoenvironmental and geophysical investigations. Dendrochronologically dated decade samples of bristlecone pine continue to be supplied to C-14 laboratories for the calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, a development of far reaching consequences in the fields of archaeology and geology. To more fully understand the causative factors, especially the activity of the sun, a critical need exists to better define the fluctuations and trends of the C-14 curve through even stronger and earlier bristlecone pine controls. In addition, recent advances in other methods of analyzing past climatic variability \–particularly techniques involving stable isotope ratios\—have greatly increased the demand for wood of known age and, hence, for chronology development.

During the past 18 months, the early portions of the chronology have been greatly strengthened and extended. The objective of the proposed research is to continue the extension of the bristlecone pine chronology further into the past and to strengthen it by incorporating additional dated specimens from the White Mountains and nearby areas. Prospects for a 10,000-year chronology appear increasingly possible.

}, keywords = {Bristlecone, bristlecone pine, C-14, california, chronology, dendrochronology, department of energy, pinus longaeva, radiocarbon, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @book {816, title = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere 1. Argentina}, series = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere}, year = {1979}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {argentina, chronology, date, dendrochronology, hemisphere, south america, southern, tree ring}, author = {LaMarche, V.C. and Holmes, R.L. and Dunwiddie, P.W. and Drew, L.G.} } @book {817, title = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere 2. Chile}, series = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere}, year = {1979}, keywords = {chile, chronology, date, dendrochronology, south america, southern hemisphere, tree ring}, author = {LaMarche, V.C. and Holmes, R.L. and Dunwiddie, P.W. and Drew, L.G.} } @book {819, title = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere 3. New Zealand}, series = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere}, year = {1979}, publisher = {The Tree Ring Laboratory}, organization = {The Tree Ring Laboratory}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {chronologies, date, dendrochronology, new zealand, southern hemisphere}, author = {LaMarche, V.C. and Holmes, R.L. and Dunwiddie, P.W. and Drew, L.G.} } @book {823, title = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere 5. South Africa}, series = {Tree Ring Chronologies of the Southern Hemisphere}, year = {1979}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {africa, chronology, date, dendrochronology, south africa, southern hemisphere, tree ring}, author = {LaMarche, V.C. and Holmes, R.L. and Dunwiddie, P.W. and Drew, L.G.} } @article {748, title = {Analysis of Tree Rings and Climatic Changes}, year = {1978}, keywords = {changes, climate, dendrochronology, environment, tree rings}, author = {unknown} } @book {875, title = {Expanded Tree-Ring Chronologies for the Southwestern United States}, series = {Chronology Series III}, year = {1978}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, chronologies, dendrochronology, southwest, southwestern, tree ring, united states}, author = {Dean, Jeffrey S. and Robinson, William J.} } @article {773, title = {Mitteilungen der Ddeutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft}, year = {1978}, note = {This publication is available in the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {dendrochronology}, author = {Bartels, H. and Scheller, H. and Schroeder, F. and Seehan, G. and Bartels, A.} } @article {760, title = {Tree Ring Chronology}, volume = {272}, year = {1978}, keywords = {chronology, dates, dating, dendrochronology, tree ring}, author = {Moore, Peter} } @book {838, title = {Tree-Ring Chronologies of Eastern North America}, series = {Chronology Series IV}, volume = {1}, year = {1978}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {chronologies, chronology, date, dendrochronology, eastern, north america, tree ring, tree-ring}, author = {Dewitt, E. and Ames, Martha Hyde} } @article {749, title = {Climatic Information from Analysis of Cellulose Lignin and Whole Wood from Tree Rings}, volume = {270}, year = {1977}, note = {Copies of this are available from the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu}, keywords = {analysis, cellulose, climate, dendrochronology, lignin, tree ring, tree rings}, author = {unknown} } @article {878, title = {Dendroclimatic Variability in the American Southwest A.D. 680 to 1970}, year = {1977}, month = {03/1977}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, department, interior, national park service, paleoclimate, report, southwest, tree ring, variability}, author = {Dean, Jeffrey S. and Robinson, William J.} } @article {763, title = {Tree Rings A Record of Climate Past}, year = {1977}, note = {

Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, publisher = {U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Environmental Data Service}, address = {Washington, D.C. }, keywords = {climate, climatology, dendrochronology, environment, tree rings}, author = {Fritts, H.} } @book {824, title = {A Guide to Measuring Tree Ring Widths}, year = {1976}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {dendrochronology, guide, how to, measure, measurement, tree ring, width}, author = {Burns, James M.} } @book {624, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona H-I Flagstaff Area}, year = {1975}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dates, dendrochronology, Flagstaff, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Harrill, Bruce G. and Warren, Richard L.} } @book {617, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Colorado W Durango Area}, year = {1975}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, colorado, date, dendrochronology, durango, tree ring}, author = {Dean, Jeffrey S.} } @article {921, title = {Analysis of Bitterbrush Stems from Mt. Hebron, California}, year = {1974}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {bitterbrush, california, cross date, dendrochronology, mt hebron, purshia tridentata, tree ring}, author = {Harlan, T.P.} } @book {623, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Colorado V Mesa Verde Area}, year = {1974}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {colorado, date, dendrochronology, mesa verde, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Harrill, Bruce G.} } @book {622, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico B Chaco-Gobernador Area}, year = {1974}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Chaco, date, dendrochronology, Gobernador, new mexico, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Harrill, Bruce G. and Warren, Richard L.} } @article {774, title = {Die Basis Temperatur der Winterlichen Schneedeckeals Moglicher Indikator fur Die Verbreitung con Permafrost in den Alpen}, year = {1973}, note = {This publication is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {alpine, climatology, dendrochronology, environment, permafrost, temperature}, author = {Haeberli, Von} } @booklet {759, title = {Paleoclimatology}, year = {1973}, keywords = {ancient, climate, dendrochronology, environment, paleoclimatology, tree rings}, author = {Fritts, H.} } @book {621, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico J-K,P,V Santa Fe-Pecos-Lincoln Area}, year = {1973}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dendrochronology, Lincoln, new mexico, Pecos, Santa Fe, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Harrill, Bruce G. and Warren, Richard L.} } @mastersthesis {442, title = {Las Trampas, New Mexico: Dendrochronology of a Spanish Colonial Church}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1972}, pages = {77}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Wooden beams and planks from the Spanish Colonial church and other structures in Las Trampas, north-central New Mexico, have been sampled and dated by dendrochronology. Dates of AD 1735 imply Spanish occupation of the area 16 years prior to official grant. Stockpiling of timber for church construction began as early as 1758. Exterior walls were 15 feet high by 1762 and were completed to roof level by 1764. Late in 1776, wood was cut for a dust-guard over the adobe altar and mural. According to clustering of tree-ring dates, a new altar and wooden altar screen were constructed soon after 1785.

Beam re-use was prevalent. Timbers bearing early dates were incorporated into the 1785 altar screen, indicating re-use from within the church of from other pre-1760 structures. A roof viga was later used as a floor plank after reroofing. In domestic buildings, re-use of beams is repeated.

Replacement of beams supporting the balcony was made in the 1860\’s and 1870\’s. Tree-ring dates indicate repairs again in the 1930\’s and 1943.

A survey of the literature pertaining to dendrochronology of historical sites revealed that shaping of beams and lack of thorough sampling have heretofore hindered successful application. The documentary record of Las Trampas art and architectural history has been further refined by tree-ring dating, and the study reaffirms the potentials for historical sites dendrochronology.

}, keywords = {altar, Architecture, art, church, dendrochronology, Geochronology, Geoscience, history, las trampas, new mexico, spanish colonial, timber, tree ring}, author = {Ames, Martha Hyde} } @book {620, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico I,O,U Central Rio Grande Area}, year = {1972}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, date, dendrochronology, new mexico, rio grande area, tree rings}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Hannah, John W. and Harrill, Bruce G.} } @book {614, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona U-W Gila-Salt Rivers Area}, year = {1971}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {dates, dendrochronology, Gila river, southwest, tree rings}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Robinson, William J.} } @book {625, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico C-D Northern Rio Grande Area}, year = {1971}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, date, dendrochronology, new mexico, rio grande, tree ring} } @book {616, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico A,G-H Shiprock-Zuni-Mt. Taylor Area}, year = {1970}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dendrochronology, mt taylor, new mexico, shiprock, southwest, tree ring, zuni}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Robinson, William J. and Warren, Richard L.} } @book {613, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico M-N,S,Z Southwestern New Mexico Area}, year = {1970}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dating, dendrochronology, new mexico, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Hannah, John W. and Robinson, William J.} } @book {610, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Utah S-W Southern Utah Area}, year = {1969}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {dendrochronology, southern utah area, southwest tree ring dates, tree ring dates}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Dean, Jeffrey S. and Robinson, William J.} } @article {935, title = {Interim Progress Report Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1968}, month = {06/1968}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Interim Progress Report}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, california, dendrochronology, NSF, pinus aristata, progress report, radiocarbon, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} } @book {607, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona C-D Eastern Grand Canyon-Tsegi Canyon-Kayenta Area}, series = {Tree-Ring Dates}, year = {1968}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {dendrochronology, tree ring dates}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Dean, Jeffrey S. and Robinson, William J.} } @book {615, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona J Hopi Mesas Area}, year = {1967}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {dates, dendrochronology, Hopi mesas, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and William, Robinson J. and Warren, Richard L.} } @article {758, title = {Growth Rings of Trees: Their Correlation with Climate}, volume = {154}, year = {1966}, note = {

Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, growth, tree rings}, author = {Fritts, H.} } @book {606, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona E Chinle-De Chelly-Red Rock Area}, series = {Tree-Ring Dates}, year = {1966}, keywords = {dendrochronology}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Dean, Jeffrey S. and Gell, Elizabeth A.M.} } @book {612, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona K Puerco--Wide Ruin--Ganado Area}, year = {1966}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dendrochronology, Puerco wide ruin, southwest}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Hannah, John W. and Robinson, William J.} } @book {611, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona N-Q Verde-Showlow-St. Johns Area}, year = {1966}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {arizona tree ring dates, dendrochronology, honanki, King{\textquoteright}s Ranch Ruin, oak creek, showlow, St. Johns, tree ring dates, tuzugoot, verde}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Gell, Elizabeth A.M. and Hannah, John W.} } @mastersthesis {899, title = {The Archaeological Interpretation of Tree-Ring Specimins for Dating Southwestern Ceramic Styles}, volume = {Doctor of Philosophy}, year = {1963}, month = {1963}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

The interpretation of approximately 5715 dated tree-ring specimens from about 342 archaeological sites in the American Southwest is the basis for \“dating\” the pottery types found in association. The time involved spans the period from the introduction of fired ceramics to the Spanish Entrada, approximately A.D. 1550.

The provenience and site situation information for both the dated tree-ring specimens and the associated pottery is tabulated for each site and site-area which has tree-ring dates, except when these data are accessible in the literature.

Criteria for establishing the validity of the association and provenience of the tree-ring specimens and the pottery are formulated. The interpretation and evaluation of the validity of these dates and associations is the basis for \“dating\” the various pottery types. The occurrence of pottery in \“Indigenous\” and \“Trade\” situation is presented separately; the pottery types in these categories are dated separately, in so far as possible, and then evaluated in terms of total distribution and context. Approximately 325 pottery types, varieties, and ceramic categories are dated on the basis of archaeological associations with tree-ring specimens. The data presented do not change the gross time placements of previous workers, but they do (1) refine some pottery dates, (2) reject others, and (3) give differing validity to additional ceramic dates.

The concept of \“pottery type\” is used as the analytical unit for dating Southwestern ceramics. The concept of \“Ceramic Style\” represents synthesis at a higher level of abstraction and does not lend itself to dating based on tree-ring material.

A progressive increase in the amount and range of traded pottery is noted through time. The increase in the distribution of various pottery types after about A.D. 1250 is also accompanied by an increase in attempts to make local copies of certain pottery types obtained by trade.

Decorated pottery types which occur as trade products tend to persist in later archaeological contexts and this situation is discussed as the \“Lasting Phenomenon of Traded Ceramics.\”

Southwestern pottery is distributed in prehistoric times on the basis of hand-to-hand or person-to-person contact and although the amount of trade and the spatial dispersal increase in time, particularly after 1250, this trade never reaches the same degree of institutionalization that is seen in Mesoamerica.\  An associated feature is an emphasis on the trading of small, decorated vessels, as opposed to large, utility or undecorated, ceramic containers.

}, keywords = {anthropology, Archaeology, ceramic, dating, dendrochronology, indiginous, lasting phenomenon of traded ceramics, pottery, site, southwest, spanish entrada, specimen, style, trade, tree ring}, author = {Breternitz, David Alan} } @article {934, title = {Continuation of Studies on the Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine (Pinus aristata Englem.) (Continuation of Research Grant NSF-G 19949): A Research Proposal }, year = {1963}, month = {05/1963}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Research Proposal}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

The original research grant NSF-G 19949, effective October 1, 1961, for the dendrochronology of bristlecone pine has made it possible: (1) to develop a workable chronology extending back 3850 years, (2) to carry out studies of tree growth as related to environmental parameters through two field seasons, and (3) to make some statistical comparisions which indicate (a) that there is no significant difference between young and old trees in radial growth response to environmental variables, (b) that there are significant correlations between bristlecone pine and other coniferous species extending up to 1000 miles east and southeast, and (c) that there is strong evidence that bristlecone pine will provide a good basis for extending climatic interpretations to at least 2600 B.C.

The present request is for funds: (1) to complete an exact chronology made possible through the study of both living and dead material in the White Mountains of California; (2) to extend the chronology building to other key tree-ring areas in the Colorado River Basin with the aim of determining the past climatic chronology; (3) to statistically evaluate the various chronologies thus established for interrelations with climate and with other tree-ring series; (4) to continue the environmental studies and evaluations through a third growing season, 1964; (5) to determine the biological model of cause and effect and its statistical counterpart for estimating climate from these tree-ring series; and (6) to provide for the closely integrated radiocarbon analysis of tree-ring material.

The results will be used (1) to strengthen dendrochronological dating and to provide a master tree-ring chronology which can be used by climatologists, archaeologists, radiocarbon investigators, and others; (2) to strengthen and geographically extend the dendroclimatological studies of Schulman (1956), especially in the Colorado River Basin; (3) to provide, when integrated with various environmental studies now being conducted, a stronger basis for environmental interpretations, based on the difference in radial growth shown by trees that respond primarily to differences in precipitation. This information will be of great value to meteorologists, hydrologists, and others, including the Inter-Union Commission on Solar and Terrestrial Relationships.

}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, california, chronology, colorado river basin, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, extend, NSF, pinus aristata, white mountains}, author = {McGinnies, W.G.} } @article {747, title = {Dendrochronology}, year = {1963}, keywords = {bannister, dating, dendrochronology, tree ring, tree rings}, author = {Bannister, Bryant} } @article {932, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine (Pinus aristata Engelm) as a Basis for the Extension of Dendroclimatic Indices: Research Proposal}, year = {1960}, month = {12/1960}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Research Proposal }, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

It is proposed to make an analysis of growth-rings of bristlecone pine, to construct a tree-ring chronology covering more than four millenia and to investigate the relationship between the tree-rings and climate with the objective of establishing precipitation indices. The research will be based on previous findings with other species and will follow techniques and methodologies developed at the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. The research will continue studies initiated by Edmund Schukman under NSF Grant G2274 but terminated by his untimely death in 1958. During the period Dr. Schulman was operating under the NSF Grant, the full significance of the bristlecone pine discovery became apparent, and he left a legacy of material that will make it possible to carry research further into the past than was envisioned at the time the grant was made. The present proposal has been expanded to take advantage of this enlarged opportunity.

The research will be conducted on a team basis, utilizing all the skills available at the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. The Director of the Laboratory will serve as Principal Investigator, but will utilize the training and knowlege of the laboratory staff in supervising the research program.

}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, dendrochronology, dendroclimatic indices, dendroclimatology, extention, NSF grant, pinus aristata, tree ring chronology}, author = {McGinnies, W.G.} } @article {785, title = {Precision of Ring Dating in Tree-Ring Chronologies}, journal = {Tree Ring Bulletin }, volume = {XVII}, year = {1946}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, chronology, dating, dendrochronology, Douglass, historic, precision dating, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {786, title = {Researches in Dendrochronology}, journal = {Bulletin of the University of Utah}, volume = {37}, year = {1946}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, publisher = {University of Utah}, address = {Salt Lake City}, keywords = {dating, dendrochronology, Douglass, historic, tree ring, university of utah}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {790, title = {Tree Rings and Climatic Cycles, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, Astronomical Studies}, volume = {XXIV}, year = {1944}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {astronomy, climate, dating, dendrochronology, Douglass, environment, fraternity, historic, tree ring, tree ring laboratory}, author = {Peterson, Roy M. and Douglass, A.E.} } @article {783, title = {Crossdating in Dendrochronology}, journal = {Journal of Forestry}, volume = {39}, year = {1941}, note = {Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information.}, keywords = {crossdating, dating, dendrochronology, Douglass, historic, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {808, title = {Tree Rings Nature{\textquoteright}s Calendar for the Archaeologist}, journal = {Field Museum News}, year = {1940}, keywords = {Archaeology, chronology, dating, dendrochronology, Douglass, historic, southwest, tree ring} } @article {788, title = {Trees and Droughts in Arizona}, journal = {Professional Engineer}, year = {1931}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, Douglass, droughts, environment, historic, tree, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {789, title = {Weather Cycles in the Growth of Big Trees}, year = {1908}, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, Douglass, environment, historic, tree ring, weather}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @book {753, title = {Climate from Tree Rings}, note = {

Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, paleoclimatology, tree rings}, author = {Hughes, M.K. and LaMarche, V.C. and Pilcher, J.R. and Kelly, P.M.} } @proceedings {738, title = {Dendrochronology and Studies in Cyclics}, keywords = {conference, cycles, cyclics, dendrochronology, Douglass, historic}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @proceedings {784, title = {Dendrochronology and Studies in Cyclics}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {climatology, conference, cyclics, dendrochronology, Douglass, environment, historic, university of Pennsylvania}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {938, title = {Report on the Chronology Phase of the Bristlecone Pine Study}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, california, chronology phase, dendrochronology, extend, pinus aristata, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W.} }