@mastersthesis {842, title = {Fire History and Fire Climate Relationships in Upper Elevation Forests of the Southwestern United States}, volume = {Ph.D}, year = {2007}, note = {

Please contact the Laboratory of Tree Ring Research for a copy of this dissertation. The file is too large to be uploaded at this time.

}, pages = {182}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Dissertation}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Fire history and fire-climate relationships of upper elevation forests of the southwestern United States are imperative for informing management decisions in the face of increased crown fire occurrence and climate change. I used dendroecological techniques to reconstruct fires and stand-replacing fire patch size in Madrean Sky Islands and Mogollon Plateau. Reconstructed patch size (1685-1904) was compared with contemporary patch size (1996-2004). Reconstructed fires at three sites had stand-replacing patches totaling \> 500 ha. No historical stand-replacing fire patches were evident in the mixed conifer/aspen forests of the Sky Islands. Maximum stand-replacing fire patch size of modern fires (1129 ha) was greater than that reconstructed from aspen (286 ha) and spruce-fir (521 ha). Updated spruce-fir patches may be evidence of larger (\>2000ha) stand-replacing fire patches.

To provide climatological context for fire history I used correlation and regionalization analyses to document spatial and temporal variability in climate regions, and El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) teleconnections using 273 tree-ring chronologies (1732-1979). Four regions were determined by common variability in annual ring width. The component time score series replicate spatial variability in 20th century droughts (e.g., 1950\’s) and pluvials (e.g., 1910\’s). Two regions were significantly correlated with instrumental SOI and AMO, and three with PDO. Sub-regions within the southwestern U.S. varied geographically between the instrumental (1900-1979) and the pre-instrumental periods (1732-1899). Mapped correlations between ENSO, PDO and AMO, and tree-ring indices illustrate detailed sub-regional variability in teleconnections.

I analyzed climate teleconnections, and fire-climate relationships of historical upper elevation fires from 16 sites in 8 mountain ranges. I tested for links between Palmer Drought Severity Index and tree-ring reconstructed ENSO, PDO and AMO phases (1905-1978 and 1700-1904). Upper elevation fires (115 fires, 84 fire years, 1623-1904) were compared with climate indices. ENSO, PDO, and AMO affected regional PDSI, but AMO and PDO teleconnections changed between periods. Fire occurrence was significantly related to inter-annual variability in PDSI, precipitation, ENSO, and phase combinations of ENSO and PDO, but not AMO (1700-1904). Reduced upper elevation fire (1785-1840) was coincident with a cool AMO phase.

}, keywords = {AMO, climate, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, ENSO, environment, fire, fire history, forest, madrean sky islands, mogollon plateau, mountain, PDO, southwest, teleconnection, tree ring, upper elevation, Watershed Management}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1375523671\&sid=1\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD.}, author = {Margolis, Ellis Quinn} } @mastersthesis {516, title = {Fire History in Riparian Canyon Pine-Oak Forests and the Intervening Desert Grasslands of the Southwest Borderlands: A Dendroecological, Historical, and Cultural Inquiry}, volume = {MS}, year = {1998}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Dendroecological, documentary, and ethnoecological evidence were combined to provide an integrated understanding of past natural and cultural fires in the Southwest Borderlands. Fire frequency for the desert grasslands was inferred from synchronous intercanyon fire events. Mean fire intervals range between 4-8 years in canyon pine-oak forests, 4-9 years in the intervening desert grasslands, and 5-9 years in the mixed-conifer forests. Riparian canyon pine-oak forests were important corridors for fire spread between the desert grasslands and higher-elevation forests. The decline of post-settlement (\>1870s) fires typical of most forests in U.S., is not evident south of the border in Mexico.

Documentary evidence reveals the Apache had detailed knowledge of fire, that burning practices were controlled and limited, and ecosystem enhancement through intentional burning was not suggested. However, the common exception was burning practiced during wartime periods, principally by the Apache but also by the Spanish, Mexicans, and later Americans. Fire reconstructions indicate that wartime-period fires were significantly more frequent than peacetime periods at several canyon-rancher{\'I}a sites.

}, keywords = {apache, borderland, cultural, dendrochronology, dendroecological, desert grassland, ethnoecological, fire, fire history, historical, Mexico, oak, peacetime, pine, post settlement, riparian, southwest, spanish, wartime, Watershed Management}, author = {Kaib, J. Mark} } @book {876, title = {A Directory of Tree-Ring Dated Native American Sites in the American Southwest}, year = {1993}, month = {09/1993}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {apache, Archaeology, dating, dendrochronology, directory, Geography, native american, navajo, Pueblo, quandrangle, site, southwest, tree ring, ute}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Ronald H. Towner} } @book {882, title = {A Directory of Tree-Ring Dated Prehistoric Sites in the American Southwest}, year = {1991}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, dendrochrononology, directory, native american, Prehistoric, quadrangle series, site, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Catherine M. Cameron} } @article {765, title = {Radical Growth Losses in Douglas-Fir and White Fir Caused by Western Spruce Budworn in Northern New Mexico: 1700 to 1983}, year = {1985}, note = {Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {budworm, douglas fir, forest, growth loss, new mexico, pest management, report, southwest, spruce, white fir}, author = {United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southwestern Region} } @book {875, title = {Expanded Tree-Ring Chronologies for the Southwestern United States}, series = {Chronology Series III}, year = {1978}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, chronologies, dendrochronology, southwest, southwestern, tree ring, united states}, author = {Dean, Jeffrey S. and Robinson, William J.} } @article {878, title = {Dendroclimatic Variability in the American Southwest A.D. 680 to 1970}, year = {1977}, month = {03/1977}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, department, interior, national park service, paleoclimate, report, southwest, tree ring, variability}, author = {Dean, Jeffrey S. and Robinson, William J.} } @book {624, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona H-I Flagstaff Area}, year = {1975}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dates, dendrochronology, Flagstaff, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Harrill, Bruce G. and Warren, Richard L.} } @book {623, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Colorado V Mesa Verde Area}, year = {1974}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {colorado, date, dendrochronology, mesa verde, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Harrill, Bruce G.} } @book {622, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico B Chaco-Gobernador Area}, year = {1974}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Chaco, date, dendrochronology, Gobernador, new mexico, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Harrill, Bruce G. and Warren, Richard L.} } @book {621, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico J-K,P,V Santa Fe-Pecos-Lincoln Area}, year = {1973}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dendrochronology, Lincoln, new mexico, Pecos, Santa Fe, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Harrill, Bruce G. and Warren, Richard L.} } @book {614, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona U-W Gila-Salt Rivers Area}, year = {1971}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {dates, dendrochronology, Gila river, southwest, tree rings}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Robinson, William J.} } @book {616, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico A,G-H Shiprock-Zuni-Mt. Taylor Area}, year = {1970}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dendrochronology, mt taylor, new mexico, shiprock, southwest, tree ring, zuni}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Robinson, William J. and Warren, Richard L.} } @book {613, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico M-N,S,Z Southwestern New Mexico Area}, year = {1970}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dating, dendrochronology, new mexico, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Hannah, John W. and Robinson, William J.} } @book {615, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona J Hopi Mesas Area}, year = {1967}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {dates, dendrochronology, Hopi mesas, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and William, Robinson J. and Warren, Richard L.} } @book {612, title = {Tree-Ring Dates from Arizona K Puerco--Wide Ruin--Ganado Area}, year = {1966}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, organization = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {date, dendrochronology, Puerco wide ruin, southwest}, author = {Bannister, Bryant and Hannah, John W. and Robinson, William J.} } @mastersthesis {899, title = {The Archaeological Interpretation of Tree-Ring Specimins for Dating Southwestern Ceramic Styles}, volume = {Doctor of Philosophy}, year = {1963}, month = {1963}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

The interpretation of approximately 5715 dated tree-ring specimens from about 342 archaeological sites in the American Southwest is the basis for \“dating\” the pottery types found in association. The time involved spans the period from the introduction of fired ceramics to the Spanish Entrada, approximately A.D. 1550.

The provenience and site situation information for both the dated tree-ring specimens and the associated pottery is tabulated for each site and site-area which has tree-ring dates, except when these data are accessible in the literature.

Criteria for establishing the validity of the association and provenience of the tree-ring specimens and the pottery are formulated. The interpretation and evaluation of the validity of these dates and associations is the basis for \“dating\” the various pottery types. The occurrence of pottery in \“Indigenous\” and \“Trade\” situation is presented separately; the pottery types in these categories are dated separately, in so far as possible, and then evaluated in terms of total distribution and context. Approximately 325 pottery types, varieties, and ceramic categories are dated on the basis of archaeological associations with tree-ring specimens. The data presented do not change the gross time placements of previous workers, but they do (1) refine some pottery dates, (2) reject others, and (3) give differing validity to additional ceramic dates.

The concept of \“pottery type\” is used as the analytical unit for dating Southwestern ceramics. The concept of \“Ceramic Style\” represents synthesis at a higher level of abstraction and does not lend itself to dating based on tree-ring material.

A progressive increase in the amount and range of traded pottery is noted through time. The increase in the distribution of various pottery types after about A.D. 1250 is also accompanied by an increase in attempts to make local copies of certain pottery types obtained by trade.

Decorated pottery types which occur as trade products tend to persist in later archaeological contexts and this situation is discussed as the \“Lasting Phenomenon of Traded Ceramics.\”

Southwestern pottery is distributed in prehistoric times on the basis of hand-to-hand or person-to-person contact and although the amount of trade and the spatial dispersal increase in time, particularly after 1250, this trade never reaches the same degree of institutionalization that is seen in Mesoamerica.\  An associated feature is an emphasis on the trading of small, decorated vessels, as opposed to large, utility or undecorated, ceramic containers.

}, keywords = {anthropology, Archaeology, ceramic, dating, dendrochronology, indiginous, lasting phenomenon of traded ceramics, pottery, site, southwest, spanish entrada, specimen, style, trade, tree ring}, author = {Breternitz, David Alan} } @article {782, title = {Crossdating at Mesa Verde National Park}, journal = {Journal of Forestry}, volume = {40}, year = {1942}, note = {Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {Archaeology, crossdating, dating, Douglass, Forestry, historic, mesa verde, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {808, title = {Tree Rings Nature{\textquoteright}s Calendar for the Archaeologist}, journal = {Field Museum News}, year = {1940}, keywords = {Archaeology, chronology, dating, dendrochronology, Douglass, historic, southwest, tree ring} } @article {730, title = {Dating Pueblo Bonito and Other Ruins of the Southwest}, year = {1935}, note = {

Copies of this article are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, publisher = {National Geographic Society}, keywords = {Archaeology, dates, dating, Douglass, pueblo bonito, ruins, southwest}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {681, title = {Secret of the Southwest Solved by Talkative Tree Rings }, year = {1929}, keywords = {Archaeology, dates, dating, Douglass, Hopi, national geographic, southwest, tree rings, zuni}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {683, title = {Some Topographic and Climatic Characters in the Annual Ring of the Yellow Pines and Sequoias of the Southwest }, journal = {Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society}, volume = {LXI}, year = {1922}, keywords = {annual, characteristics, characters, climate, climatic, dates, dating, Douglass, environment, ring, sequoias, southwest, topographic, tree ring, tree rings, yellow pine}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {737, title = {Dating Our Prehistoric Ruins}, volume = {XXI}, year = {1921}, keywords = {Archaeology, dates, dating, Douglass, historic, Prehistoric, ruins, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} }