@mastersthesis {647, title = {Climate of rebellion: The relationship between climate variability and indigenous uprisings in mid-eighteenth-century Sonora}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A series of indigenous rebellions took place in mid-eighteenth-century Sonora that caused Spain to alter its colonial policies, depending less on the Jesuit mission system and more on a professional military force for pacifying and controlling the region. The rebellions coincided with a shift toward a drought-dominant climate pattern that began in the late 1720s. This study explores the relationship between that climatic shift and the rebellions by narrowing the focus to several disturbances and insurrections among the Seris, Pimas Bajos, and Yaquis during the period of 1725-1742. Research centers on climate variability, the relationship between climate patterns and indigenous subsistence practices, and whether Spanish colonial policies and institutions rendered these practices more or less vulnerable to environmental perturbations. Because the same environmental factors shaping indigenous subsistence strategies also affected Spanish decision-making, the development of Spanish colonization in Sonora is reviewed within an ecological framework as well, recognizing the interaction among the environment and political, economic, and demographic factors. This study adopts a multidisciplinary approach integrating paleoclimatic, ethnohistorical, ethnographic, and archaeological sources of data to establish patterns of precipitation and reconstruct indigenous subsistence systems within their local environments, both before and after Spanish colonial rule. The research presents evaluations and English translations of numerous Spanish texts that include description of local environments; indigenous land use, reliance on crops versus wild resources, scheduling, harvest, and/or storage; significant climatic events such as droughts or floods; and the events of specific insurrections. The research also considers Spanish policies and institutions as they developed in Sonora, and changes they engendered in indigenous subsistence organization and the environment. This study assesses the effectiveness of those changes in the face of climate fluctuations, and scrutinizes Seri, Pima Bajo, and Yaqui disturbances and insurrections as responses to Spanish-induced subsistence changes under escalating colonial pressures and climate-related environmental stresses. On a broader level, this research demonstrates the potential of the documentary record, when combined with advances in climate research, for increasing our understanding of human vulnerability to climate change, human responses and coping strategies, and the impacts of human behavior on climate. }, keywords = {climate, Eighteenth century, Indigenous, Rebellion, Sonora, Uprisings}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=795926481\&sid=4\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Dale Brenneman} } @mastersthesis {652, title = {A comparative study of soil disturbance from uprooted trees, and mound and pit decay in Puerto Rico and Colorado}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2003}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The toppling of trees forms mounds of disturbed sediment and pits from which the mound removes sediment, rocks, and organic matter. Sites of uprooted trees in Puerto Rico and Colorado were examined (1) to compare areas and volumes of mounds and pits relative to tree size, (2) to compare areas and volumes of mounds and pits formed during catastrophic events at the landscape scale, and (3) to consider decay of mounds and pits after formation. For a given basal area, the analyses found no difference among sites in area and volume of freshly formed individual mounds and pits. For landscape-level catastrophic uprooting, the percent of toppled trees in a plot can explain 85\% and 87\% of the areas and volumes, respectively, of the quantity of soil uplifted. Exponential decay coefficients developed by monitoring mound/pit complexes indicate that mounds and pits at the humid tropical site in Puerto Rico decay in about 74\% and 57\% of the time, respectively, of mounds and pits at a temperate Colorado site. Decay coefficients developed for the Colorado site indicate that mounds and pits are reduced to 10\% of their original volume within 30 and 78 years, respectively. Coefficients for Puerto Rico suggest that a similar reduction in volume requires 17 years, whereas pits generally fill within a decade.}, keywords = {colorado, Mound and pit, Puerto Rico, Soil disturbance, Uprooted}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=765017541\&sid=9\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Melanie Lenart} } @mastersthesis {832, title = {Climate Response, Age Distribution, and Fire History of a Corkbark Fir (Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica) Stand in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {2001}, pages = {83}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

The southernmost known North American stand of corkbark fir (Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonaica (Merriam) Lemm.) is found in the Santa Catalina Mountains just north of Tucson, Arizona. Climate response, age distribution, and fire history were studied in this small corkbark fir stand to provide baseline information for future management. Response function analysis indicated April-June precipitation from the current growing season, April-June temperature from the current growing season, November-March precipitation prior to the growing season, and August-October precipitation from the previous growing season as the most highly correlated factor with ring-width variance. Age distritbution appeared to be a steady state. A fire chronology developed for the corkbark fir site was sused to test synchroneity of fire events with previously developed chronologies from nearby sites. Chi-squared analyses indicated significant association of fire years for all sites but not spread of fire from one site to another.

}, keywords = {age distribution, Arizona, climatology, corkbark, dendrochronology, fir stand, fire, mountains, santa catalina}, author = {June Psaltis} } @mastersthesis {490, title = {A Computer-Assisted Tree-Ring Chronology Composition System}, volume = {MS}, year = {2000}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The design and implementation of a computer-assisted tree-ring chronology composition system for dendrochronology is described in this thesis. Methods for tree-ring growth sequence pattern matching, hierarchical composition of master chronologies, and analytical quality control are discussed in detail and systematically implemented in the CROSSDATE program in a highly visual, graphic environment. The objective of this work is to provide dendrochronologists with a robust set of tools for comparing the relative growth patterns of tree-ring samples for purposes of dating the samples and composing new master chronologies from individual tree-ring samples and other master chronologies. This system is complementary to the TREES program, a computer-vision based tree-ring identification and measurement system developed at the University of Arizona.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=729088511\&sid=4\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Engle, James Blaine} } @mastersthesis {548, title = {Carbon Isotopic Variations in 7 Southwestern U.S. Plants from Herbarium Collections of the Last 150 Years}, volume = {MS}, year = {1997}, school = {University of Arizona}, keywords = {Renewable Natural Resources}, author = {Pedicino, Lisa Christina} } @mastersthesis {589, title = {Climate variability in the southwestern United States as reconstructed from tree-ring chronologies}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1996}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The primary goal of this research is to gain a better understanding of the spatial and temporal relationships between atmospheric circulation features and winter climate variability in the southwestern United States, and to investigate the variations in these relationships over the past three centuries. A set of six circulation indices is compiled that describes circulation features important to winter climate variability in this region. This set includes pre-existing indices such as the SOI and a modified PNA index, as well as regionally-tailored indices. A network of 88 tree-ring chronologies is then used to reconstruct the indices and the regional winter climate variables: numbers of rainy days (a variable not previously reconstructed with tree rings) and mean maximum temperature. Analyses suggest that three types of circulation features have influenced winter climate in the Southwest over the past three centuries. Although ENSO-related circulation patterns have been an important factor, especially in the 20th century, circulation patterns featuring a southwestern low appear to be as important if not more important to climate in some time periods. Results suggest that low frequency variations in atmospheric circulation patterns have occurred over the past three centuries and have had spatially and temporally varying impacts on winter climate in the Southwest.}, keywords = {Paleoecology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739718221\&sid=24\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Woodhouse, Connie Ann} } @mastersthesis {706, title = {Culture change and the Navajo Hogan}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1985}, school = {Washington State University}, abstract = {The Navajo tribe has been subjected to acculturation pressures since its arrival in the American Southwest in the 1500s. The pressures came first from indigenous Pueblo groups, these were succeeded by pressures from the Spanish, Mexicans, Utes, U.S. military, and other Euroamerican local populations. The Navajo response to the pressures of acculturation in both the economic and religious spheres of life is manifested in the Navajo house or hogan. The hogan serves as both a sacred and secular structure. Some features of hogan construction such as shape and doorway orientation have strong symbolic associations, and alterations in their form thus reflect fundamental shifts in religious orientation. Other features of hogan construction such as the use of power tools or milled lumber, while changing the appearance of the structure, do not have strong symbolic associations and thus are not indicative of a similar shift away from traditional Navajo culture. Instead, these features represent a Navajo incorporation of items from the dominant culture that are most useful in easing the hardships of traditional life. Habitation structures from two areas of Arizona illustrate this trend. Over 500 structures from the remote, conservative and until very recently, unacculturated area of Black Mesa are compared with over 200 structures from the substantially more acculturated region of the Defiance Plateau. The difference in the chronology of housing construction techniques between the two areas is striking. Influences from the dominant culture, including a shift away from traditional houses, are evident in the late 1800s on the Defiance Plateau. Conversely, on Black Mesa, these same trends do not appear until the 1970s and 1980s. Architecture is composed of both a technological and an expressive element. This marriage of two aspects of culture in one place--housing--is an important locus of information for anthropologists. Analysis of changing construction methods and morphology provides a physical manifestation of changes documented in other areas of the cultural system. }, keywords = {Arizona}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=753300051\&sid=19\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Miranda Warburton} } @mastersthesis {496, title = {Climatic Change and Water Supply in the Great Basin}, volume = {MS}, year = {1984}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

The climatological literature contains considerable evidence that increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide will result in global warming. In order to investigate the effects of resultant climatic changes on runoff in the Great Basin, a water balance model based on average monthly precipitation and temperature was applied to four watersheds in the region.

}, author = {Flaschka, Irmgard Monika} } @mastersthesis {551, title = {Climatic Change and Water Availability in the Rio Grande and Pecos River Basins}, volume = {MS}, year = {1982}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Climatologists have speculated that increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide deriving from fossil fuel combustion will result in warmer, drier climate for many parts of the world. One such area which is already facing serious water shortages is the upper Rio Grande Basin. A climatic water balance equation was adopted to model three representative drainages within the basin in order to investigate the effects of this climatic change on streamflow. Results show that a 20 C increase in temperature and 10\% decrease in precipitation would result in a 30\% decline in streamflow. Since demand already exceeds or approaches supply, such a dimunition in water yield would have serious regional and national ramifications.}, author = {Quinlan, Peter Thomas} } @mastersthesis {545, title = {Climate and Society in Iceland from the Medieval Period to the Late Eighteenth Century}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1981}, school = {University of East Anglia}, author = {Ogilvie, Astrid Elisabeth Jane} } @mastersthesis {522, title = {Comparative Analysis of Climatic Reconstructions Derived from Tree-Ring and Ice Core Indicators in Southern Greenland}, volume = {MA}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Nebraska}, keywords = {Geography}, author = {Kuivinen, Karl C.} } @mastersthesis {576, title = {Contribution Dendroclimatique A L{\textquoteright}etude Du Peuplement Forester Des Environs Des Chalets De L{\textquoteright}Orgere (Savoie)}, volume = {MS}, year = {1978}, school = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Aix-Marseille III}, author = {Tessier, Lucien} } @mastersthesis {517, title = {Climatic Change in the North Sea Region}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1975}, school = {University of East Anglia}, author = {Kelly, P. Michael} } @mastersthesis {554, title = {Contributions Pollen Analytique A L{\textquoteright}Histoire Tardiglaciaire Et Holocene De La Vegetation De La Montagne Corse}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1975}, school = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Aix-Marseille III}, author = {Reille, Maurice} } @mastersthesis {562, title = {Contributions A L{\textquoteright}{\'e}tude Dendroclimatologique du pin D{\textquoteright}Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.)}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1973}, school = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Aix-Marseille III}, author = {Serre, Francoise} } @mastersthesis {525, title = {The Climate of the Great American Desert}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1972}, school = {Clark University}, keywords = {Geography}, author = {Lawson, Merlin P.} } @mastersthesis {479, title = {Chronological Analysis of Tsegi Phase Sites in Northeastern Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Dendrochronology provides two basic types of information useful for archaeological interpretation: chronological-archaeological and nonchronological. The former derives from the assignment of absolute dates of prehistoric remains through the use of techniques of dendrochronological analysis. Nonchronological information of two types, cultural-historical and environmental, may be derived from archaeological tree-ring collections. Cultural-historical information involves the recognition of unique historic events and the identification of certain cultural practices, such as the stockpiling or reuse of timbers. Recoverable environmental data include the prehistoric distributions of various species of tree and paleoclimatic reconstructions derived from dendroclimatic analyses. Most archaeological use of dendrochronological data has emphasized the chronological-archaeological aspect. This orientation produced a large number of absolutely dated sites that have been compared with one another to isolate contemporaneous regional variation and to study the processes and rates of culture change. However, the nonchronological aspects of the data have been neglected, and the full potential of dendrochronology for archaeological interpretation has rarely been achieved. This paper present the results of several experiments designed to explore and illuminate the contributions made by dendrochronological analyses to archaeological interpretation. Two \“cliff dwellings\” in the Tsegi Canyon of northeastern Arizona were selected for this experiment, primarily because their large size and excellent preservation guaranteed the existence of many in situ timbers. Classificatorally, Betatakin and Kiet Siel are contemporaneous and are assigned to the Tsegi Phase, dated between 1200 and 1300. Attempts were made to sample every suitable timber in these sites. When combined with earlier collections, total samples of 292 specimens from Betatakin and 540 specimens from Kiet Siel are available for laboratory analysis. These collections are augmented by comprehensive notes on the provenience and condition of each timber and by detailed architectural data. Intensive analyses of the tree-ring dates, the species assemblages, the nature of the terminal rings, and the prehistoric utilization of timbers provide a body of data fundamental to a number of inferences. These inferences concern the chronology and internal development of each site; the processes by which the villages were founded, peopled, and abandoned; the social organization of the villages; a number of cultural practices ranging from the structural use of dead wood to the stockpiling of timbers for future use; and changes in the environments of the sites. The isolation of several significant differences between these sites is relevant to the consideration of the dynamics of intro-phase cultural variability. Eighty-seven dates and less detailed archaeological information from 11 other Tsegi Phase sites supplement the data from Betatikin and Kiet Siel and provide a basis for a consideration of the phase as a whole. The beginning date of the phase is revised upward from 1200-1250, while the terminal date of 1300 is not changed. In the 50 years between 1250 and 1300, about 700 people moved into Tsegi Canyon, established a number of villages, and departed. These people generally moved in extended family households, although a large village group occasionally traveled in a unit. The problems of integrating the mobile population into large villages wee met in a way that produced a village organization like that of the modern Hopis. Households were integrated into the villages through membership in nonlocalized lineages and clans. Ceremonial units whose membership crosscut that of the kinship units united the lineages and clans into functioning village-wide organizations. No evidence for formal inter-village organization exists, although the Tsegi Canyon villages probably constituted a loosely defined \“community\” based on close but informal interpersonal relationships. After abandoning the Tsegi about 1300, the Tsegi Phase people contributed heavily to the population of the Hopi Mesas.

}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=758014861\&sid=11\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Dean, Jeffrey S.} } @mastersthesis {528, title = {A Comparative Anatomical Study on the Effects of Mutant Genes on the Pericarp and Seed Coat of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)}, volume = {MS}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Achenes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) exhibiting the normal or wild type hull and the mutations for thin-hull (th), brown striped-hull (stp), gray striped-hull (gs), pigmentless (p), and light seed coat (lt) were separately and in various combinations studied anatomically to correlate the external appearance of the hull with its internal anatomy. The hull of the mature normal safflower achene was found to be composed of a pericarp, seed coat, and a one cell layer of endosperm. In studying transverse sections of the hull, the pericarp was found to be made up of two highly sclerified layers separated by a countinuous phytomelanin layer, and the seed coat was composed of a dark brown multiple outer epidermis, a layer of parenchyma cells, and an inner epidermis of crushed cells. The one cell layer of endosperm was centripetal and adnate to the seed coat. Mutations were found to differ from the normal-hull in the degree of thickness, localization of thickness, lignification, and compression of the sclerenchyma layers of the pericarp. They also differed in the absence and localization of the phytomelanin layer, the color of the outer epidermis of the integument, and the degree of thickness of the parenchymous layer of the integument.}, author = {Lockwood, Tommie E.} }