@mastersthesis {476, title = {Deciphering arctic climate in a past greenhouse world: Multiproxy reconstructions of pliocene climate}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2011}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

The high sensitivity of high latitudes to global climate changes is the stimulus for the study of ancient Arctic ecosystems under greenhouse conditions. With an increasing number of studies, including the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report highlighting Pliocene climate as key example for the study of Earth system sensitivity to higher levels of atmospheric CO$_{2}$ , the need for accurate proxy records for this period is crucial. In order to investigate Pliocene climate, I used stable isotopic studies of fossil molluscs, moss and wood from two fossil forest deposits in the Canadian High Arctic. Temperatures were determined for an Early Pliocene (4-5 Ma) fossil forest site located on Ellesmere Island using \‘clumped\’ and stable isotopic analysis of mollusc shells and stable isotope values of fossil wood. Mollusc inferred growing season (May-Sept) temperatures derived using two independent techniques were estimated to be 11-16\°C warmer than present (1950-1990) Ellesmere Island temperatures. Tree ring inferred growing season (June-July) temperatures (JJ) were 10-16\°C and mean annual temperatures (MAT) were 18-20\°C warmer than present (1950-1990). Mean annual and growing season (JJ) temperatures were also determined using fossil wood from a younger (2.4-2.8 Ma) late Pliocene-early Pleistocene site on Bylot Island. This deposit represents the remains of a flora that grew during an interglacial warm period during the transition to large-scale Northern Hemisphere glaciation that occurred between 2.5 to 3 million years ago. Mean annual temperatures were \∼12\° C and growing season temperatures were \∼13\°C warmer than present (1923-2010). The interglacial setting of the Bylot Island site and the warm temperatures suggests that prior to using such sites as true analogues of future conditions we may need to consider how close the feedbacks operating then were to the feedbacks we might expect in the future. However, that temperatures so much warmer than present existed in the high Arctic during a period when levels of atmospheric CO$_{2}$ were at nearpresent levels indicates that we may be moving beyond our ability to use the Pliocene as an example of the future.

}, keywords = {Paleoclimate Science}, author = {Csank, Adam Zoltan} } @mastersthesis {591, title = {Delta-deuterium and delta-oxygen-18 in mixed conifer systems in the United States southwest: The potential of delta-oxygen-18 in Pinus ponderosa tree rings as a natural environmental recorder}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2001}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The North American Monsoon provides half of the annual precipitation in Tucson, Arizona. The other half occurs dominantly during the winter and early spring. Late spring is the transitional period to the monsoon and is characterized by high temperatures and low humidity. The reliability of this hyperarid period, the consistency of the timing of monsoon onset, and the recognition that certain high-elevation trees produce annual false latewood bands in response to this transitional period, were critical to the design of this dissertation research. I hypothesized that subannual environmental signals might be fixed in stable oxygen isotopes in cellulose from such trees. Existence of a long-term dataset of δD and δ 18 O from Tucson precipitation provided impetus for the collection of a companion dataset at a high-elevation site in the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson. Trees were sampled near the precipitation collection site. The relations between the stable isotope ratios in the precipitation and in the tree cellulose were identified through extraction of water from bimonthly samples of nearby soil, tree stems and needles. Spatial consistency of the cellulose stable isotope signals was measured using tree samples from seven additional sites across the U.S. desert Southwest. Correlations between Tucson summer precipitation δ 18 O and both local and extra-regional environmental parameters resulted in the identification of the dominant monsoonal moisture source for the Tucson area. Similar correlations with the cellulose δ 18 O timeseries from the post-false latewood cellulose, supported the previous interpretations, and suggest long-term reconstructions may be possible. Correlations between the earliest cellulose δ 18 O division and extra-regional environmental parameters suggest environmental measures may be reconstructable for the cool season. Comparison of the high and low elevation precipitation δD and δ 18 O datasets yielded many baseline measures of precipitation stable-isotope dynamics in the U.S. desert Southwest. Comparison of the high-elevation precipitation stable isotope record with soil and stem water δD and δ 18 O from nearby confirmed that local trees were using dominantly deeper soil water. I noted correlations between measured needle-water stable isotope values and values calculated using a leaf-water model, but systematic departures suggest an additional unmodeled process may operate in this system.}, keywords = {Geochemistry}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=728996441\&sid=11\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Wright, William Edward} } @mastersthesis {559, title = {Dendroclimatology in the San Francisco Peaks region of northern Arizona, USA}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2000}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Millennial length temperature and precipitation reconstructions from tree rings are developed for the northern Arizona region and applied to questions regarding the nature of the cultural-environmental interface in the northern Southwest, the role of explosive volcanism as a forcing mechanism in temperature variability, and the state of late 20th century climate compared to the range of natural variability of the past. A 2660-year long bristlecone pine tree-ring chronology from high elevation in the San Francisco Peaks of northern Arizona is calibrated with instrumental annual mean-maximum temperature data to reconstruct temperature. Three 1400-year long lower elevation tree-ring chronologies, developed from both living trees and wood from archaeological sites on the Colorado Plateau, are calibrated with instrumental precipitation data (October-July) to reconstruct precipitation. The juxtaposition of these two reconstructions yields paleoclimatic insights unobtainable from either record alone. Results include the identification of wet, dry, cool, and warm intervals and the identification of periods of high and low variance in temperature and precipitation. Population movement into the Flagstaff area in the second half of the 11th century is attributed to relatively warm wet conditions. The role of temperature decline in the 13th century merits additional consideration in the prehistoric regional abandonment of the Four Corners area. Many of the reconstructed cold periods are linked to explosive volcanism. The second half of the 20th century is the warmest in the period of record, and extremely warm/wet conditions have persisted since 1976.}, keywords = {Paleoecology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=731919721\&sid=18\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Salzer, Matthew W.} } @mastersthesis {696, title = {delta(13)C and stomatal density variability in modern and fossil leaves of key plants in the western United States}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1999}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {During the last deglaciation, 15,000 to 12,000 calendar years ago, global warming and wholesale shifts in regional precipitation patterns produced dramatic changes in vegetation worldwide. Paleobotanical records, namely pollen and macrofossils, have been used not only to reconstruct shifts in plant distributions and abundances, but also to quantify changes in temperature and precipitation amounts or seasonality. In addition to climatic change, during the full glacial period atmospheric CO 2 values had dropped 30\% to 200 ppmv compared to the Holocene, preindustrial value of 280 ppmv. Hypothetically, variations in atmospheric CO 2 affect plant water-use efficiency (carbon gained to plant-water transpired) and thus may have modulated vegetation response as climates change. The studies incorporated in this dissertation focused upon carbon isotope and morphological changes in leaves of key functional groups. The studies concentrated on plant species that are abundant in the fossil record and comprise major floral components of past and present vegetation. Key findings include: (1) that shifts in δ 13 C in modern populations along steep environmental gradients seldom exceeds inter-plant variability at a given site, (2) inter-plant and intra-site variability in modern and historic herbarium collections of the C 4 halophytes Altriplex canescens and A. confertilfolia and packrat midden macrofossils of A. canescens excludes their use as a reliable proxy for atmospheric δ 13 C, (3) calcium-oxalate crystals are common component in plant tissue and can have a significantly different δ 13 C value that increases inter-plant variability, especially in C 4 plants such as Atriplex canescens and A. confertifolia , (4) carbon isotope and stomatal density/index measurements of macrofossils from packrat middens show species specific adaptation in ecophysiological processes as atmospheric CO 2 rose from the full glacial, and (5) the greatest adaptation to low atmospheric CO 2 during the last ice age was in the C 3 species and that C 4 and CAM plants showed few changes in their discrimination against 13 C or in the number of stomata on their leaf surfaces.}, keywords = {Atriplex, Carbon-13, Fossil leaves, Stomatal density}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=731687391\&sid=11\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Peter van der Water} } @mastersthesis {830, title = {A Dendrochronological Record of Pandora Moth (Coloradia Pandora, Blake) Outbreaks in Central Oregon}, volume = {MS}, year = {1997}, pages = {159}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {Pandora moth (Coloradia Pandora Blake) is a phytophagous insect, defoliating ponderosa pine trees in the western United States. However, long-term studies of this insect and its effects on the forest ecosystem have not been conducted. Using dendrochronological techniques, I examined past timing and intensity of defoliation through its effects on radial growth of trees in the forests of south central Oregon. Pandora moth leaves a distinctive ring-width "signature" that was easily identifiable in the wood. The growth for the first year of the signature was half the normal ring-width with narrow latewood. The following two years produced extremely narrow rings, with the entire suppression lasting from 4 to 18 years. Twenty-two individual outbreaks were reconstructed from this 620 year chronology. I found that pandora moth outbreaks were episodic in individual sites, with a return interval of 9 to 156 years. Conversely, on the regional scale of south central Oregon, outbreaks demonstrated a 37-year periodicity. On average, pandora moth defoliation caused a 29\% mean periodic growth reduction in defoliated ponderosa pine trees. Spread maps of the first year that sites demonstrated suppression were plotted revealing an apparent annual spread of the outbreaks. Examination of a fire history on one pandora moth outbreak site suggested that pandora moth outbreaks delay fire by interrupting the needle fall needed for fire spread. Superposed epoch analysis showed that the year that the outbreak was first recorded was significantly dry and the fourth year prior was significantly wet. Therefore, climate may be a triggering factor in pandora moth outbreaks. The stem analysis demonstrated that the percent volume reduction was the greatest at the base of the tree and declined further up the bole. The percent volume reduction in the canopy of the trees was variable with outlying high and low values. THe mean volume reduction per outbreak was .053 m3 per tree. Although this insect is considered a forest pest and causes inconvenience for people living nearby, pandora moth is not as widespread and damaging as some other phytophagous insects. However, its very distinctive ring-width signature and the length of the ponderosa pine record enables reconstruction of very long outbreak histories, which may deepen our understanding of the interaction between defoliating insects and their ecosystem. }, keywords = {Coloradia pandora, dendrochronology, entomology, fire, fire history, growth, insect, Oregon, outbreak, pandora moth, phytophagous, ponderosa pine, ring-width, tree ring}, author = {Speer, James Hardy} } @mastersthesis {580, title = {The Dendrochronology of the Navajo Pueblitos of Din{\'e}tah}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1997}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Pueblito sites include masonry structures and forked-stick hogans in defensible positions in the traditional Navajo homeland of Dinetah. Pueblitos have been a key piece of evidence used to infer a massive immigration of Puebloans into the Navajo country following the Spanish Reconquest of New Mexico. Archaeological and tree-ring evidence places the sites in their proper temporal and geographic perspectives and suggests that immigration has been overstated as a factor in models of Navajo cultural development. An expanded pueblito site tree-ring database illuminates early Navajo wood use behavior, the temporal and spatial patterning of pueblito site occupations, and relationships between climate and the Navajo occupation and abandonment of Dinetah. Wood use behaviors identified at the pueblito sites include construction with freshly cut and stockpiled timbers, beam reuse, repair and remodeling of structures, and dead wood use. Different selection criteria by the builders, combined with differential preservation, have resulted in different qualitative and quantitative data for pueblitos and forked-stick hogans. The wood use model developed has serious implications for dating early Navajo structures. The tree-ring and archaeological data indicate that most pueblitos are neither temporally nor spatially related to Puebloan immigration or the Spanish Reconquest. Masonry structures and hogans at the sites are contemporaneous and were constructed by Navajos for protection against Ute raiders. Furthermore, most pueblitos were occupied for relatively short periods of time and the regional population density was much lower than has been previously assumed. A dendroclimatic reconstruction indicates that the 1300s and late 1400s were both periods of relatively stable and favorable conditions that may have facilitated Navajo entry into the Dinetah. The drought of 1748, often cited as a cause of the abandonment of the Dinetah, was a single-year event and probably not a {\textquotedblleft}push{\textquotedblright} in the abandonment. The wide geographic distribution of early Navajo settlement has been ignored because of the spectacular nature of and good preservation in pueblitos. A new model of Navajo ethnogenesis is based on a different early Navajo population distribution and a variety of other means of incorporating non-Athapaskan elements into Navajo culture.}, keywords = {Cultural anthropology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739840121\&sid=21\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Towner, Ronald Hugh} } @mastersthesis {448, title = {The Dendroclimatological Potential of Araucaria cunninghamii (Hoop Pine) in North Queensland}, volume = {BS}, year = {1995}, school = {James Cook Universtiy of North Queensland}, abstract = {The statistics generated indicate that dendroclimatic studies of baldcypress in south Louisiana should prove fruitful. Evidence demonstrates that the species will be useful in analyzing regional anomalies, such as the low winter temperatures of the 1960{\textquoteright}s and 1976-79, and that baldcypress data may be able to be pooled with data from other species.}, author = {Barrs, Sally-anne} } @mastersthesis {550, title = {A Dendroecological Assessment of Whitebark Pine in the Sawtooth Salmon River Region Idaho}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1995}, pages = {56}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) tree-ring chronologies of 700 to greater than 1,000 years in length were developed for four sites in the Sawtooth-Salmon River region, central Idaho. These ring-width chronologies are used to (1) assess the dendrochronological characteristics of this species, (2) detect annual mortality dates of whitebark pine attributed to a widespread mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) epidemic during the 1909 to 1940 period, and (3) establish the response of whitebark pine tree ring-width growth to climate variables. Crossdating of whitebark pine tree-ring width patterns was verified. Ring-width indices had low mean sensitivity (0.123-0.174) typical of high elevation conifers in western North America, and variable first order autocorrelation (0.206-0.551). Mortality of dominant whitebark pine caused by mountain pine beetle had a maxima at 1930 on all four sites. Response functions and correlation analyses with state divisional weather records indicate that above average radial growth is positively correlated with winter and spring precipitation and inversely correlated with April temperature. These correlations appear to be a response to seasonal snowpack. Whitebark pine is a promising species for dendroclimatic studies.

}, keywords = {dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, dendroctonus ponderosae, dendroecology, idaho, pine beetle, pinus albicaulis, sawtooth salmon river, tree ring, whitebark pine}, author = {Perkins, Dana Lee} } @book {876, title = {A Directory of Tree-Ring Dated Native American Sites in the American Southwest}, year = {1993}, month = {09/1993}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {apache, Archaeology, dating, dendrochronology, directory, Geography, native american, navajo, Pueblo, quandrangle, site, southwest, tree ring, ute}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Ronald H. Towner} } @mastersthesis {459, title = {Dendrochronology and Fire History in a Stand of Northern California Coast Redwood}, volume = {MS}, year = {1991}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Fire-scarred cross-sections from coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) at two sites were dendrochronologically dated and used to develop a fire history. Redwood offers a challenge for dendrochronological study due to ring wedging and complacency. Crossdating was successful in 12 of 24 trees. The fire history was developed by comparison of fire scars and fire-associated ring characteristics (resin ducts, double latewood, growth releases, and ring separations) recorded in ring series. Using only dates of fire scars from the first fire in 1714 to the last in 1962, the mean fire interval (MFI) was 9.9 years. MFI for the best represented presettlement segment 1714-1881 was 8.0 years. Using all fire-associate ring features, MFI 1714-1962 was 7.0 years and 1714-1881, 6.0 years. Use of all fire-associated ring characteristics is argued to be a more accurate representation of past fire frequency. MFIs determined are less than others reported for coast redwood and suggest fire frequency in redwood may have been underestimated in past studies.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=7747786571\&sid=1\&Fmt=2\&clientld=43922\&RQT=309\&Vname=PDQ}, author = {Brown, Peter Mark} } @book {882, title = {A Directory of Tree-Ring Dated Prehistoric Sites in the American Southwest}, year = {1991}, publisher = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, organization = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {Archaeology, dendrochrononology, directory, native american, Prehistoric, quadrangle series, site, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Robinson, William J. and Catherine M. Cameron} } @mastersthesis {523, title = {The Dynamics and Disturbance Regimes of Fitzroya cupressoides Forests in the South-Central Andes of Chile}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1991}, school = {University of Chile}, author = {Lara, Antonio} } @mastersthesis {546, title = {Development of Anatomical Tree-Ring Chonologies from Southern Arizona Conifers using Image Analysis}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1990}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Climatic influences on the anatomical features of the last-formed latewood tracheids of southern Arizona conifers were examined using video image analysis. Video image analysis was shown to be a feasible method to obtain tracheid dimensions from tree rings. It also proved to be a precise method for measuring tree-ring density as a relative quantity (the lumen area percent, LUM\%). Two cores from each of five ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) were analyzed to obtain chronologies of radial and tangential diameter, lumen, cell wall and total areas, and LUM\% in a range of 87-276 years. A fast and reliable sample preparation techniques using a sliding microtome was used to obtain microsections for the image analysis. Missing values for absent rings were estimated using stepwise regression with other non-missing series. Because no obvious biological trends were found for the mature periods, mean line fits were used for the standardization after removing the juvenile portions. Due to the large variabilities within and between trees, the anatomical chronologies possessed much weaker common signals than the ring-width or density chronologies. This indicated that a large number of cores per tree or trees per site should be taken to compensate for the biological heterogeneity in wood structure. The year-to-year variations in the anatomical chronologies were diverse, and autocorrelations were relatively high. Response function analyses revealed that most anatomical chronologies possessed a higher association with climatic variations than the ring-width or density chronologies. Reduced moisture stress during the early growing season, and high precipitation for the late growing season, induced high radial enlargement, consequently, greater tracheid area of the last-formed latewoods. The influence of climate on the tangential enlargement was inconsistent. Cell wall thickening was enhanced first by high precipitation for the prior growing season, then by low temperature for the growing season and by high October temperature. The effects of the cell enlargement were mixed with the effects of cell wall thickening in the lumen area \% or maximum latewood density variation.}, keywords = {Watershed Management}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=744327611\&sid=2\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Park, Wonkyu} } @article {1332, title = {Discovering the future, creating the past: some reflections on restoration}, journal = {Ecological Restoration}, volume = {8}, year = {1990}, pages = {71{\textendash}72}, author = {Falk, Donald Albert} } @mastersthesis {905, title = {A Dendrochronological Study of the Great Salt Lake Basin}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1989}, note = {

Please contact the Laboratory of Tree Ring Research to view this thesis.

}, month = {03/1989}, pages = {77}, school = {University of Utah}, address = {Salt Lake City}, abstract = {

To date, no tree-ring chronologies have been generated for the Great Salt Lake basin. There is evidence of a winter air mass boundary across this area. Since the region receives a precipitation maximum in the winter and spring, information about boundary location variability would be useful. Tree-ring widths may be related to climatic variables and provide a record of past climate.

Four tree-ring chronologies in the four corners of the Great Salt Lake basin were generated using standard dendrochronological techniques. Precipitation and temperature data for the area were regionalized and tree-ring indices were correlated with regional temperature seasons and with precipitation regions and seasons. The chronologies were factor analyzed for the period of common growth, 1593-1985, and broken down into seven overlapping one hundred-year periods.

During the period for which there are weather records, tree growth in the northwest site was correlated with temperature variables, while in the other three sites, tree growth was mostly correlated with precipitation. The results of the factor analysis of the chronologies for the seven time periods were consistent with the correlation results. The results also indicate a similar pattern of variation of growth for the time periods of 1593-1650 and 1825-1940.

The four Great Basin chronology sites are located in a unique region and may be used to learn about climatic variability in this area.

}, keywords = {climatic variability, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, Geography, great salt lake basin, indices, precipitation, salt lake, temperature, tree ring}, author = {Connie Woodhouse} } @mastersthesis {574, title = {A Dendrochronological Assessment of Western Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura Occidentalis Freeman, in the Southern Rocky Mountains}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1987}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Tree-ring chronologies from ten mixed conifer stands in the Colorado Front Ranges and New Mexico Sangre de Cristo Mountains were used to reconstruct timing, duration, and radial growth impacts of past outbreaks of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman. Graphical and statistical comparisons of tree-ring chronologies from host and non-host tree species, in conjunction with Forest Service records of outbreaks during the twentieth century, revealed that outbreaks were identifiable only in the host chronologies as sharply reduced growth periods. These comparisons also showed that host and non-host tree-ring chronologies were generally similar between outbreaks and that both were responding in a similar manner to climatic variation. A study of defoliation and insect population data that was available for the New Mexico stands demonstrated that host radial growth from 1978 to 1983 was highly correlated with budworm activity. The non-host chronologies from each stand were used to correct the host chronologies for climatic and other non-budworm environmental variations by a differencing procedure. The corrected chronologies were then used to estimate the dates and radial growth effects of past budworm outbreaks. Tree-ring characteristics of twentieth century documented outbreaks were used as criteria for inferring the occurrence of outbreaks in previous centuries. At least nine periods of increased budworm activity were identified in the region from 1700 to 1983. The mean duration of reduced growth periods caused by known and inferred budworm outbreaks was 12.6 years, and the mean interval between initial years of successive outbreaks was 34.9 years. The mean maximum radial growth loss was 50 percent of expected growth, and the mean periodic growth loss was 21.6 percent. There was an unusually long period of reduced budworm activity in the first few decades of the twentieth century, and since that time outbreaks have been markedly more synchronous between stands. Increased synchroneity of outbreaks in the latter half of the twentieth century suggests that areal extent of outbreaks has increased. This phenomenon may be due to changes in the age structure and species composition of forests following harvesting and fire suppression in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

}, keywords = {Watershed Management}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=753027921\&sid=16\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Swetnam, T.} } @mastersthesis {509, title = {Dendrochronology of F. sylvatica, P. uncinata, P. sylvestris in Catalunya}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Barcelona}, author = {Gutierrez, Emilia} } @article {912, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1985}, month = {05/1985}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION

Since Edmun Schulman\’s initial interest in 1953, the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research has conducted dendrochronological studies of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey, sp. Nov.) in the White Mountains of east-central California where living trees reach ages in excess of 4,000 years. The focus of this report relates to the support by the Geology and Anthropology sections in the National Science Foundation under grant EAR-8018687 for the period 1 April 1981 to 31 October 1984 with the assistance of the Department of Energy contract no. DE-AC02-81EV10680 covering the period 1 May 1981 to 31 October 1982.

A summary of this research was recently published in Radiocarbon (Ferguson and Graybill 1983). In most cases various facets of the work were related to projects sponsored by all agencies. Therefore the full range of activities during that period is described herein. The primary project goals were:

  1. To extend the bristlecone pine chronology from the White Mountains of California beyond 6700 B.C. and strengthen it by incorporating additional specimens.
  2. To develop bristlecone pine chronologies in new areas for applications in archaeology, isotopic studies, and other earth sciences.
  3. To furnish dendrochronologically dated wood to researchers engaged in the study of past variations in carbon isotopes and climate.
}, keywords = {anthropology, Archaeology, bristlecone pine, california, carbon isotopes, chronology, climate, dendrochronology, Geology, isotopic studies, pinus longaeva, technical report, tree ring, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W. and Graybill, D.A.} } @mastersthesis {519, title = {Dendro{\"o}kologische Untersuchungen an H{\"o}henprofilen aus verschiedenen Klimabereichen}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Zurich}, author = {Kienast, Felix} } @mastersthesis {705, title = {Descent, land use and inheritance: navajo land tenure patterns in Canyon de Chelly and Canyon del Muerto}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The development of and changes in human social organization have been a concern of anthropological research since the inception of the discipline. A perspective that focuses on the interaction between exogenous (ecological and historical) variables and social organization is argued for herein. This study tests the idea that inheritance patterns reflect both land use and sociohistorical factors. Further, it is suggested that after their move into the American Southwest, the inheritance of agricultural land was influential in the development, although not necessarily the origins, of matrilineality among the Navajo. Data were obtained on land tenure practices in Canyon de Chelly and its major tributary, Canyon del Muerto, historically important centers of Navajo agriculture. Detailed interviews with 93\% of the Navajo families owning land in the canyons provided information on land use and inheritance patterns since the 1880s. Data from over 400 cases of land transfers were analyzed. Historical documents and archaeological studies also provided information on Navajo settlement patterns, changes in farming practices and environmental fluctuations since the mid-1700s. Within the past fifty years, and probably longer, topographic and physiographic differences between Canyon de Chelly and Canyon del Muerto have contributed to variations in land use within the canyon system. Ditch irrigated feed crops are now only grown in Canyon del Muerto, and they are commonly used by families involved in market oriented cattle ranching. Further, as a result of erosion problems, the production potential of some canyon areas, as well as the quantity of arable land, is declining. Not all families are able to meet the increasing need for labor and capital intensive practices that could maximize agricultural production on their canyon land, but it remains a highly valued resource. This research indicates that since the 1880s agricultural land in Canyon de Chelly has been transferred more frequently along matrilineal lines, and the explanations for the differences in land tenure patterns between the canyons over time relate both to ecological and socio-historical variables. In conclusion, it is argued that the complexity found within this canyon system reflects a heterogeneity common to any culture, but which anthropologists tend to overlook. }, keywords = {Arizona}, url = {Thedevelopmentofandchangesinhumansocialorganizationhavebeenaconcernofanthropologicalresearchsincetheinceptionofthediscipline.Aperspectivethatfocusesontheinteractionbetweenexogenous(ecologicalandhistorical)variablesandso}, author = {Tracy Andrews} } @article {926, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine}, year = {1984}, month = {08/1984}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {anthropology, Bristlecone, bristlecone pine, california, carbon isotopes, chronology, climate, dendrochronology, Geology, white mountains}, author = {Ferguson, C.W. and Graybill, D.A.} } @mastersthesis {507, title = {Dendroclimatic Contribution to the Understanding of Growth of Cedar of Atlas in the Reforestations of Southeastern France}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1984}, school = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Aix-Marseille III}, author = {Guibal, Fr{\'e}deric} } @mastersthesis {498, title = {A Dendroclimatological Reconstruction of Past Climate, Zermatt, Switzerland}, volume = {BSc (Hons)}, year = {1984}, school = {University of Manchester}, author = {Freeman, A.L.} } @mastersthesis {577, title = {Dendroclimatologie et Ecologie de Pinus Silvestris L. et Quercus Pubescens Willd. Dans le Sud-Est de la France}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1984}, school = {Universit{\'e} d{\textquoteright}Aix-Marseille III}, author = {Tessier, Lucien} } @mastersthesis {543, title = {A Dendroclimatic Analysis of Three Indigenous Tree Species, South Island New Zealand}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1983}, school = {University of Canterbury}, author = {Norton, D.A.} } @mastersthesis {468, title = {Dendroclimatology in the Northeastern United States}, volume = {MS}, year = {1979}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Canonical correlations and regressions were calculated between a set of 7 tree-ring width chronologies and a set of 12 temperature or 15 precipitation records from the northeastern United States. The regressions calibrated 38.5\% of the winter temperature variance, 26.5\% of the winter precipitation variance, 20.9\% of the spring precipitation variance in the dependent period, 1905-1960. The regression equations were then applied to the 275-year record of the 7 tree-ring chronologies to obtain estimates of past temperature and precipitation. Reconstructions wee tested for statistical verification with climatic data not used in the regressions, and the series that showed highest verification in each season was selected for further study. The best winter temperature reconstruction passed 50\% of the verification tests, the best winter precipitation reconstruction passed 12.5\% of the tests, and the best spring precipitation reconstruction passed 26.8\% of the tests. The reconstructions of the stations which passed the most verification tests in each season were averaged, and the regional averages were smoothed and plotted. These presented as a first, tentative approximation of past climate.}, author = {Conkey, Laura Elizabeth} } @article {878, title = {Dendroclimatic Variability in the American Southwest A.D. 680 to 1970}, year = {1977}, month = {03/1977}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, address = {Tucson}, keywords = {climate, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, department, interior, national park service, paleoclimate, report, southwest, tree ring, variability}, author = {Dean, Jeffrey S. and Robinson, William J.} } @mastersthesis {472, title = {Densitometric Studies of the Wood of Young Coastal Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco).}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1976}, school = {University of British Colombia}, url = {https://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/20225}, author = {Cown, David John} } @mastersthesis {466, title = {Dendroclimatic Relationships of Shortleaf Pine (Pinus Echinat Mill.) in the South Carolina Piedmont}, volume = {MS}, year = {1975}, school = {Clemson University}, abstract = {An investigaiton was made of the dendrochronolical and dendroclimatic properties of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) in the western South Carolina Piedmont. Accurate dating of each annual ring was achieved by matching patterns of relatively narrow rings in the trees. Earlywood, latewood, and total annual radial growth were measured. To minimize non-climatic sources of radial growth variation, such as stand disturbance, and make different samples comparable, a computer program fitted an orthogonal polynomial curve to each series of measurements. Values for each year were divided by the curve value for that year. The resulting series were averaged to produce earlywood, latewood, and annual growth final chronologies with means of 1.0 and variances independent of age or mean growth of the trees. High resolution x-radiographs were made of the samples with the moving slit technique and intra-annual density variations were plotted by a scanning optical microdensitometer. Minimum earlywood and maximum latewood densities were measured. A regression line was...}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=754053131\&sid=1\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Cleaveland, Malcolm} } @mastersthesis {518, title = {The Dynamics of Western Navajo Settlement, A.D. 1750-1900: An Archaeological and Dendrochronological Analysis}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1974}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Site reports from the Navajo Land Claim archaeological survey, supplemented with survey information from the Long House Valley, northeastern Arizona, were used in the analysis of Navajo settlement within the 1882 executive Order Hopi Reservation and its immediate environs. Dated pinyon pine (Pinus edlis) tree-ring samples from Navajo sites, informant dating, and dated historic artifacts provided the time controls for the A.D. 1750-1900 study period.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=756376671\&sid=6\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Kemrer, Meade Francis} } @mastersthesis {445, title = {A Dendrochronological Study in Ireland with Reference to the Dating of Medieval and Post Medieval Timbers}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1973}, school = {Queen{\textquoteright}s University of Belfast}, author = {Baillie, Michael George Lockhart} } @article {774, title = {Die Basis Temperatur der Winterlichen Schneedeckeals Moglicher Indikator fur Die Verbreitung con Permafrost in den Alpen}, year = {1973}, note = {This publication is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {alpine, climatology, dendrochronology, environment, permafrost, temperature}, author = {Haeberli, Von} } @mastersthesis {584, title = {Dating the Temporal Limits of Climatic Episodes During the Holocene}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1971}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, keywords = {Meterology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=758273691\&sid=8\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Wendland, Wayne Marcel} } @mastersthesis {491, title = {The Dendrochronology of Three Tree Species in the Central Mississippi Valley}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1969}, school = {Southern Illinois University}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=755447421\&sid=11\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Estes, Eugene Todd} } @mastersthesis {547, title = {Dendrochronology of Point of Pines}, volume = {MA}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Analysis of 2,276 tree-ring specimens from 18 archaeological sites in the Point of Pines area produced 454 dates for six sites. Most of the 430 dates from the Point of Pines ruin are for the interval from 1270 to 1285; most of the 18 dates from Turkey Creek pueblo cluster in the 1230{\textquoteright}s and 1240{\textquoteright}s. The dated tree-ring specimens that had been previously interpreted as artifacts that may have been brought into point of Pines from another locality are considered to constructed boards from large old local trees{\textellipsis}}, author = {Parker, Marion L.} } @mastersthesis {570, title = {The Differentiation of Tracheary Elements from the Cambium of Pinus Edulis Engelm: The Correlation of Differentiation with Measured Ring Width and Environmental Factors}, volume = {MS}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

This study was undertaken to determine by means of thin sections, the sequence of tracheid production in pinyon pine and to compare these findings with instrumental measurements of radial increases and with phonological observations\…

}, author = {Stokes, M.} } @article {747, title = {Dendrochronology}, year = {1963}, keywords = {bannister, dating, dendrochronology, tree ring, tree rings}, author = {Bannister, Bryant} } @article {932, title = {Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine (Pinus aristata Engelm) as a Basis for the Extension of Dendroclimatic Indices: Research Proposal}, year = {1960}, month = {12/1960}, institution = {Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research}, type = {Research Proposal }, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

It is proposed to make an analysis of growth-rings of bristlecone pine, to construct a tree-ring chronology covering more than four millenia and to investigate the relationship between the tree-rings and climate with the objective of establishing precipitation indices. The research will be based on previous findings with other species and will follow techniques and methodologies developed at the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. The research will continue studies initiated by Edmund Schukman under NSF Grant G2274 but terminated by his untimely death in 1958. During the period Dr. Schulman was operating under the NSF Grant, the full significance of the bristlecone pine discovery became apparent, and he left a legacy of material that will make it possible to carry research further into the past than was envisioned at the time the grant was made. The present proposal has been expanded to take advantage of this enlarged opportunity.

The research will be conducted on a team basis, utilizing all the skills available at the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. The Director of the Laboratory will serve as Principal Investigator, but will utilize the training and knowlege of the laboratory staff in supervising the research program.

}, keywords = {bristlecone pine, dendrochronology, dendroclimatic indices, dendroclimatology, extention, NSF grant, pinus aristata, tree ring chronology}, author = {McGinnies, W.G.} } @mastersthesis {524, title = {A Dendrochronological Investigation in the Clinch River Drainage, Tennessee}, volume = {MA}, year = {1938}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to report the dendrochronological research done in northeastern Tennessee during the year 1934, 1935, and 1936. (No abstract provided)}, author = {Lassetter, Roy Jr.} } @article {730, title = {Dating Pueblo Bonito and Other Ruins of the Southwest}, year = {1935}, note = {

Copies of this article are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

}, publisher = {National Geographic Society}, keywords = {Archaeology, dates, dating, Douglass, pueblo bonito, ruins, southwest}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {737, title = {Dating Our Prehistoric Ruins}, volume = {XXI}, year = {1921}, keywords = {Archaeology, dates, dating, Douglass, historic, Prehistoric, ruins, southwest, tree ring}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {643, title = {Drawings of a Comet}, volume = {XVIII}, year = {1910}, keywords = {comet, Douglass, drawing, popular astronomy}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @article {795, title = {Drawings of Jupiter{\textquoteright}s Third Satellite}, journal = {Abdruck aus den Astr. Nachr. Bd. 143}, year = {1897}, keywords = {astronomy, Douglass, historic, jupiter, satellite}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @proceedings {738, title = {Dendrochronology and Studies in Cyclics}, keywords = {conference, cycles, cyclics, dendrochronology, Douglass, historic}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} } @proceedings {784, title = {Dendrochronology and Studies in Cyclics}, note = {This title is available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. }, keywords = {climatology, conference, cyclics, dendrochronology, Douglass, environment, historic, university of Pennsylvania}, author = {Douglass, A.E.} }