@mastersthesis {514, title = {Landscape Fire History and Age Structure Patterns in the Sky Islands of Southeastern Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2006}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {At regional scales climate patterns (e.g., interannual wet-dry cycles) result in high spatial fire synchrony among Southwest forests. However, in the {\textquotedblleft}Sky Island{\textquotedblright} forests of southeastern Arizona spatial and temporal patterns of fire history and tree age structure at landscape levels (i.e., within mountain ranges) are relatively unknown and therefore the focus of this study. In the Santa Catalina Mountains we reconstructed the fire history on a 2,900-hectare study area with two distinct landscapes, Butterfly Peak (BP) and Rose Canyon (RC) using 2-hectare {\textquotedblleft}points{\textquotedblright} (i.e., collection areas). The RC landscape was dominated by shallow south-facing aspects and BP was dominated by steep north-facing aspects. Within each landscape, point mean fire intervals (PMFIs) were not significantly different between aspect classes. However, pooled PMFIs were significantly shorter in RC compared to BP. These results show that the fire history at any given point (i.e., 2 hectares or less) was primarily controlled by the broad-scale topography of the encompassing landscape, rather than by the fine-scale topography at that point. Using similar methods we also reconstructed the fire history on Rincon Peak, which is a small isolated mountain range with very step topography. The fire history of the 310-hectare forest area was a mixture of frequent low severity surface fires (from AD 1648 to 1763) and infrequent mixed-severity fires (from AD 1763 to 1867). This mixed-fire regime was probably due to a combination of climatic variability, the small area and rugged topography of this mountain range, and complex fuel arrangements. The distinct fire histories from these two study areas provided natural age structure experiments that indicated tree age cohorts (i.e., higher than expected tree establishment pulses) occurred during periods of reduced fire frequencies. In some instances these periods were likely caused by climatic variability (e.g., a wet and/or cool early 1800s) creating synchronous age cohorts across the region. At other times, extended fire intervals were a function of local topography (e.g., 1763-1819 in the northern half of Rincon Peak). Overall, these studies demonstrated that landscape and climatic variations combine to produce complex spatial and temporal variations in fire history and tree age structures.}, keywords = {Renewable Natural Resources}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1144189411\&sid=5\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Iniguez, Jose M.} } @mastersthesis {657, title = {Late Prehistoric technological and social reorganization along the Mogollon Rim, Arizona}, volume = {Phd}, year = {2000}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {This study seeks to study the social processes of community reorganization through the changing technological organization of flaked stone tools. The Mogollon Rim region of east-central Arizona, between AD 1000 and AD 1400, was the scene of remarkable social changes. In this period, migrants were attracted into the region and new small communities were created. After a period of dispersed settlement pattern communities, some of the communities developed large, aggregated settlements. In this process of aggregation, community growth was facilitated by the incorporation of migrants. Social integrative forces at work included the development of interhousehold exchanges, as well as informal and formal suprahousehold organizations. In spite of these social integrative forces, community dissolution and abandonment sooner or later came to all of these settlements. The technology of daily life is one means of exploring these social organizational forces. Chipped stone studies have been behind the times in the American Southwest when addressing social organization research through the examination of Pueblo chipped stone assemblages. Technological organization is a creation of households and suprahousehold groups. Technological organization changes as community organization changes. This study examines the chipped stone tools and debitage from ten east-central Arizona pueblos, forming inferences about how the organization of chipped stone tool production, distribution, consumption, and discard was arranged in each community. Each community studied was a product of migrants and resident families, social exchanges, social integration, and social dissolution. This study demonstrates the utility of chipped stone analysis for studying the social processes at work in communities. }, keywords = {Arizona, Flaked stone tools, Mogollon Rim, Prehistoric, Social reorganization, Technological organization}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=727734641\&sid=17\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Eric Kaldahl} } @mastersthesis {661, title = {Late Quaternary vegetation history of the southern Owens Valley region, Inyo County, California}, volume = {Phd}, year = {1996}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {This study analyzes the pollen, spores, and algae in the upper 90 m section of a mostly continuous, well dated, 323 m core (OL-92) from Owens Lake, southeastern California. The entire core has produced a paleoclimatic record for the past $\sim$800 ka. The 90 m interval dates from $\sim$9 ka to $\sim$151 ka beginning with the penultimate glaciation and ending during the termination of the last glaciation. The record shows high amplitude fluctuations in the abundances of pine, juniper, saltbush, sagebrush, chenopods/amaranths, and Ambrosia-type pollen. High percentages of juniper pollen with low percentages of desertscrub pollen during the intervals $\sim$150 ka to $\sim$120 ka and 73 ka to $\sim$20 ka alternate with low juniper pollen and relatively high percentages of desertscrub and oak pollen during the intervals $\sim$118 ka to $\sim$103 ka and $\sim$18 ka $\sim$10 ka and into the Holocene. Sagebrush pollen varies with juniper pollen but has a tendency to lead it in time. Pine and fir pollen tends to vary inversely with juniper over the long term. These trends are interpreted as vegetation change in response to glacial-interglacial cycles: During cold-wet glacial climates there was a downslope expansion of juniper woodland and sagebrush scrub, contraction of Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest, and displacement of warm desertscrub, suggesting average temperature and precipitation departures from modern values ranging from $-$2$\sp\circ$C to $-$6$\sp\circ$C and from +100 mm to +350 mm. Conversely under warmer and drier interglacials warm desert shrubs expanded their range in the lowlands, juniper and sagebrush retreated upslope, and the Sierran forests expanded. Estimated average temperature and precipitation departures from modern values ranged from $-$0.5$\sp\circ$C to +3.7$\sp\circ$C and +13 to $-$26 mm. Comparison of the pollen spectra spanning the penultimate and ultimate glacial maxima shows the former to have been longer and more intense, in accord with the Sierra Nevada glacial record. Similarly, the higher abundances of Ambrosia pollen during the last interglaciation, compared to the Holocene, indicate warmer temperatures in the former. The presence of high oak percentages also during the last interglaciation suggest an expansion of the summer monsoon. Finally, the match of the juniper curve with the marine oxygen isotope chronostratigraphy suggests a link between vegetation change in the southern Owens Valley and global climate.}, keywords = {climate, glaciation, global change, juniper, pine, sagebrush, saltbrush}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739577661\&sid=22\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Wallace Woolfenden} } @mastersthesis {564, title = {Long-Term Climatic Changes in Western Europe and East Asia}, volume = {MS}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Massachusetts}, author = {Shao, Xuemei} } @mastersthesis {502, title = {Long-Term Records of Temperature and Precipitation in the Pacific Northwest Derived from Tree Rings}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Washington}, abstract = {Annual growth records from climatically sensitive trees growing in Washington, Oregon, and northern California are used to reconstruct annual temperature and precipitation variation in the Pacific Northwest over the last several hundred years. Response surfaces indicate that growth of mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) and subalpine larch (Larix lyallii) at timberline in the Cascade Range of Washington is complexly related to variation in summer temperature and spring snow depth. Interactions between these climatic variables in governing tree growth therefore make it difficult to separately reconstruct either of these seasonal climatic variables using standard methods. Mean annual temperature values, however, combine information on both summer temperature and spring snow depth. Mean annual temperature values were therefore reconstructed at Longmire, Washington (46{\textdegree}47'N, 121{\textdegree}44'W; 842 m) using a regression model with larch and hemlock tree-ring chronologies as predictors. The reconstruction shows mean annual temperatures between 1590 and 1900 to be approximately 1{\textdegree}C lower than those of the 20th century. Only during a short period from 1650 to 1690 did temperatures approach 20th century values. Long-term regional precipitation variation within the Pacific Northwest is reflected in reconstructions of three mean annual precipitation indices representing the {\textquotedblleft}Western Lowlands{\textquotedblright} (western Washington and northwestern Oregon), {\textquotedblleft}Columbia Basin{\textquotedblright} (eastern Washington and northeastern Oregon) and {\textquotedblleft}Southern Valleys{\textquotedblright} (southeastern Oregon and northern California). Tree-ring chronologies from drought sensitive Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) are used to reconstruct each precipitation series back to 1675. The precipitation reconstructions do not reveal long-term changes in mean conditions but show episodes of wet and dry conditions that differed in timing between the regions. During the first half of the 19th century, precipitation equaled or exceeded the long term average in the Western Lowlands and Columbia Basin but was below average in the Southern Valleys. During the second half of the 19th century, the Southern Valleys experienced above average precipitation while precipitation was below average in the Columbia Basin. Single year drought events show great spatial homogeneity implying that severe dry years are caused by circulation features of sufficient size to affect the entire Pacific Northwest.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=749026731\&sid=1\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Graumlich, Lisa} } @mastersthesis {495, title = {La Precipitacion como indicador de la variacion climatica en la peninsula de baja california y su relacion dendrocronologica}, volume = {MS}, year = {1983}, school = {National Polytechnic Institute of Marine Science Interdisciplinary Center}, keywords = {Fishery Science}, author = {Fernandez, Samuel Rueda} } @mastersthesis {733, title = {Little archaeology, big archaeology : the changing context of archaeological research}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1983}, school = {University of Arizona}, url = {no copy on file in LTRR}, author = {Eugene Rogge} } @mastersthesis {565, title = {Long-term Streamflow Histories of the Salt and Verde Rivers, Arizona as Reconstructed from Tree-Rings}, volume = {MS}, year = {1981}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Tree-ring samples collected from the Salt and Verde River basins have been used to reconstruct the annual and seasonal flow histories of the Salt River near Roosevelt, above Roosevelt Lake, and the Verde River below Tangle Creek, above Horseshoe Reservoir for the period form 1580 to 1979{\textellipsis}}, author = {Smith, Lawrence P.} } @mastersthesis {442, title = {Las Trampas, New Mexico: Dendrochronology of a Spanish Colonial Church}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1972}, pages = {77}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Wooden beams and planks from the Spanish Colonial church and other structures in Las Trampas, north-central New Mexico, have been sampled and dated by dendrochronology. Dates of AD 1735 imply Spanish occupation of the area 16 years prior to official grant. Stockpiling of timber for church construction began as early as 1758. Exterior walls were 15 feet high by 1762 and were completed to roof level by 1764. Late in 1776, wood was cut for a dust-guard over the adobe altar and mural. According to clustering of tree-ring dates, a new altar and wooden altar screen were constructed soon after 1785.

Beam re-use was prevalent. Timbers bearing early dates were incorporated into the 1785 altar screen, indicating re-use from within the church of from other pre-1760 structures. A roof viga was later used as a floor plank after reroofing. In domestic buildings, re-use of beams is repeated.

Replacement of beams supporting the balcony was made in the 1860\’s and 1870\’s. Tree-ring dates indicate repairs again in the 1930\’s and 1943.

A survey of the literature pertaining to dendrochronology of historical sites revealed that shaping of beams and lack of thorough sampling have heretofore hindered successful application. The documentary record of Las Trampas art and architectural history has been further refined by tree-ring dating, and the study reaffirms the potentials for historical sites dendrochronology.

}, keywords = {altar, Architecture, art, church, dendrochronology, Geochronology, Geoscience, history, las trampas, new mexico, spanish colonial, timber, tree ring}, author = {Ames, Martha Hyde} }