@mastersthesis {494, title = {Spatial and temporal validation of fire-scar fire histories}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2009}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Accurate information about historical fire regimes is needed to understand the long-term effects of fire and climate on ecosystem dynamics and guide ecosystem restoration. Fire scars are used widely to reconstruct historical fire regimes around the world but few empirical validation studies have been conducted. This dissertation consists of three integrated studies aimed at addressing the following questions: (1) how accurate are fire-scar fire histories compared to known patterns of fire occurrence; (2) how do these relationships vary spatially and temporally; (3) how representative statistically are search-based (\“targeted\”) fire-scar sampling techniques? I utilized an empirical corroboration approach to validate fire-scar reconstructions against documentary fire perimeters for a 2,780 hectare ponderosa pine landscape in Saguaro National Park, Arizona (USA). Resampling statistics and spatial modeling were used to quantify interactions between spatial scale, sample size, and fire size. Statistical properties of targeted sampling were assessed by analyzing three case studies containing paired examples of targeted and non-targeted sampling (i.e., systematic and census). I found strong linear relationships between fire-scar synchrony (samples scarred in a given year) and annual area burned. Fire-scar derived estimates of fire frequency metrics, such as Mean Fire Return Interval and Natural Fire Rotation, did not differ significantly from the documentary record, and there was strong spatial coherence between fire frequency maps interpolated from fire-scar data and documentary maps. Scale and sample size dependence of fire-scar detection probabilities were variable for small fire years but relatively weak for widespread fires. This resulted in consistent and predictable influences on fire frequency reconstructions: statistical measures dependent on area burned were relatively stable and robust across a range of scale, sample size, and fire size. Targeted sampling did not differ statistically from non-targeted datasets, but targeted fire-scar data contained proportionately greater sample depth and longer temporal records with fewer samples. These results demonstrate collectively that key temporal and spatial fire frequency parameters can be reconstructed accurately from point-based fire-scar data. They also reaffirm general interpretations and management implications from past fire history research indicating that frequent, widespread burning was an important component of pre-settlement fire regimes in Southwestern ponderosa pine.

}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1937808421\&sid=2\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Farris, Calvin Arthur} } @mastersthesis {493, title = {Scaling Rules for Fire Regimes}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Forest fire is a keystone ecological process in coniferous forests of southwestern North America. This dissertation examines a fire regime in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico, USA, based on an original data set collected from Monument Canyon Research Natural Area (MCN). First, I examine scale dependence in the fire regime. Statistical descriptors of the fire regime, such as fire frequency and mean fire interval, are scale-dependent. I describe the theory of the event-area (EA) relationship , analogous to the species-area relationship, for events distributed in space and time; the interval-area (IA) relationship , is a related form for fire intervals. The EA and IA also allow estimation of the annual fire frame (AFF), the area within which fire occurs annually on average. The slope of the EA is a metric of spatio-temporal synchrony of events across multiple spatial scales. The second chapter concerns the temporal distribution of fire events. I outline a theory of fire interval probability from first principles in fire ecology and statistics. Fires are conditional events resulting from interaction of multiple contingent factors that must be satisfied for an event to occur. Outcomes of this kind represent a multiplicative process for which a lognormal model is the limiting distribution. I examine the application of this framework to two probability models, the Weibull and lognormal distributions, which can be used to characterize the distribution of fire intervals over time. The final chapter addresses the theory and effects of sample size in fire history. Analytical methods (including composite fire records) are used in fire history to minimize error in inference. I describe a theory of the collector{\textquoteright}s curve based on accumulation of sets of discrete events and the probability of recording a fire as a function of sample size. I propose a nonlinear regression method for the Monument Canyon data set to correct for differences in sample size among composite fire records. All measures of the fire regime reflected sensitivity to sample size, but these differences can be corrected in part by applying the regression correction, which can increase confidence in quantitative estimates of the fire regime.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=845727371\&sid=3\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Falk, Donald Albert} } @mastersthesis {910, title = {Stand Replacing Fire History and Aspen Ecology in the Upper Rio Grande Basin}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {2003}, pages = {94}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Dendroecological techniques were applied to reconstruct stand-replacing fire history in mixed conifer and spruce-fir forests in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. Stand-replacing fire dates with annual accuracy and precision were determined using four lines of evidence for each of twelve sites within a 75,000 square kilometer area. The four lines of evidence were: (1) aspen inner-ring dates, (2) conifer death dates, (3) tree-ring width changes, or other morphological indicators of injury, and (4) fire scars. The annual precision of dating allowed the identification of significant synchrony of stand replacing fires among the 12 sites and regional surface fire events previously reconstructed from the large network of fire scar collections in the Southwest. Nearly all of these synchronous stand-replacing and surface fire years coincided with extreme droughts. This suggests that stand-replacing fire activity occurred primarily when drought conditions allowed fires to ignite and spread within these high elevation forests and/or for the spread of surface fires between lower and upper elevations. Fifty percent of reconstructed stand-replacing fires pre-dated large-scale Euro-American settlement in this region. This may suggest that land use practices (such as logging and mining) were not as important in promoting stand-replacing fires in these study sites, as compared with other areas in Colorado.

}, keywords = {aspen, basin, colorado, conifer, dendrochronology, dendroecology, Ecology, fire, fire history, new mexico, rio grande, spruce fir, stand replacing, tree ring}, author = {Margolis, Ellis Quinn} } @mastersthesis {839, title = {Spatial Relationships in Frost-Damaged High-Elevation Pines and Links to Major Volcanic Eruptions}, volume = {MS}, year = {2001}, pages = {67}, school = {University of Arizona}, address = {Tucson}, abstract = {

Frost injury in the annual growth rings of pines growing at upper treeline is a consequence of sudden freezing temperatures during the growing season (LaMarche \& Hirschboeck 1984). This updated and spatially extensive frost-ring study involves the systematic identification of frost rings in high-elevation pines located in 16 western USA tree-ring sites whose chronologies range from 1692 BC to AD 2000. Several \"notable frost events\" were identified, based on the criteria of frost damage occurring in greater than 25\% of trees at a given site and in two or more sites. The spatial variations between frost events indicate regional variations based on differences in elevation, latitude, and the location of polar outbreaks and their associated upper-level atmosphere circulation patterns. The 17 notable frost events correspond to previous frost ring and light ring evidence, and 13 of them are associated with climatically effective volcanic eruptions.

}, keywords = {atmosphere circulation, damage, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, frost, high elevation, pine, polar outbreak, relationship, spacial, tree ring, tree-ring, volcanic eruption}, author = {Hallman, Christine Lee} } @mastersthesis {500, title = {Sierra Nevada Tree Rings and Atmospheric Circulation}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1998}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

The primary objective of this research is to investigate relationships between extremes in central Sierra Nevada tree growth, temperature and precipitation and winter and summer atmospheric circulation. Using existing Sierra Nevada chronologies, I developed two mean chronologies for the period of overlap between instrumental and tree-ring records (1900-1987), one for giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) and one for treeline pines (Pinus balfouriana, Pinus albicaulis) and selected the highest and lowest quintiles of tree growth as extreme years. For these years, I constructed and analyzed maps of composite anomalies for the following climatic data: tropospheric pressure (SLP, 700 mb, 500 mb), storm track (positive vorticity advection [PVA], a variable not previously used in dendroclimatology), temperature, precipitation, and snow (a variable often assumed have the same effects on growth as winter precipitation). Results suggest that extreme growth in these trees is associated with distinct patterns of winter atmospheric circulation and snow depth that are consistent with instrumental studies for the Western U.S. The storm track and snow analyses, seldom used in dendroclimatology, added substance to inferences based on analyses of tropospheric and surface climate parameters. This study shows the strong potential for reconstruction of these variables using Sierra Nevada trees. Synthesis of these results suggests that sequoia exhibit low growth during years with meridional winter and summer circulation, winter storms primarily occluded in the Gulf of Alaska, and low snow depth; sequoia exhibit high growth during years with low winter pressure in the north Pacific, long duration storms, a SW-NE oriented storm track entering North America at the California-Oregon border, high snow depth and zonal summer flow. Treeline pines exhibit low growth during years with enhanced ridging over the eastern Pacific, cool, short duration winter storms along a northern track, low snow depth and high east Pacific summer SLP; these pines exhibit high growth during years with warm, long duration winter storms following a southern track, a quasi-PNA atmospheric circulation pattern, average snow depth and a northeastward displaced summer subtropical high. Evidence presented herein suggests that variation in extreme treeline pine growth tracks low frequency changes in north Pacific atmospheric circulation.

}, keywords = {Paleoecology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=733009441\&sid=28\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Garfin, Gregg Marc} } @mastersthesis {723, title = {Simulating the Long House Valley: An evaluation of the role of agent-based computer simulation in archaeology}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1998}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {This study presents the results of a detailed analysis of an agent-based computer simulation called Artificial Anasazi. The simulation attempts to replicate the population growth and settlement patterns of the prehistoric Kayenta Anasazi of Long House Valley in northeastern Arizona between A.D. 400-1300. Agent-based simulations model social evolution from the bottom-up, using heterogeneous agents that follow simple rules, in contrast to the top-down computer simulations usually used by archaeologists. Artificial Anasazi is tested against the archaeological record of the real Long House Valley through both qualitative and quantitative methods, and an analysis of the relevant ethnographic information is presented. The ultimate goal of this study is to elucidate the potentials and pitfalls of using agent-based computer simulation as a serious research tool in archaeology.}, keywords = {Arizona}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=734127421\&sid=51\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Matthew Littler} } @mastersthesis {588, title = {Synoptic Dendroclimatology in the Upper Marmada River Basin: An Exploratory Study in Central Asia}, volume = {MS}, year = {1996}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Dendrochronological analysis of teak (Tectona grandis) collected from stumps in the Malpathar National Reserved Forest of the upper Narmada River Basin in central India has the potential to provide continuous and long-term information about changes in both the local climate of the Malpather National Reserved Forest site and the Indian monsoon circulation{\textellipsis}}, author = {Wood, Michelle Lee} } @mastersthesis {451, title = {Spatial and Temporal Reconstruction of Twentieth-century Growth Trends in a Naturally-seeded Pine Forest}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1994}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

This research uncovered growth trends from 1920 to 1990 in a stand of south-western ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. scopulorum), and investigated the role of climate and competition in shaping the observed trends. I focused on a 800 x 400-m permanent plot maintained by the U.S. Forest Service since 1920 near Flagstaff, Arizona. Temporal growth trends were quantified by size class using a mixed linear model applied to forest inventories, repeated at 10-year intervals. Tree density and stand basal area increased from 1920 to 1990, but growth rates of individual trees declined regardless of size class. Growth of large pines, whose density increased slightly, declined more than that of small pines, whose density almost tripled. I argued that competition for resources reduced growth rates of large trees more than those of small trees. Geostatistical analyses showed that, from 1920 to 1990, stem size was spatially autocorrelated over distances no greater than 30 m, a measure of average patch diameter. Tree density increased by increasing the number of pine groups rather than their horizontal dimension. Increased tree crowding corresponded to lower average, variance, and spatial dependence of individual growth rates. Since growth variation was less related to inter-tree distance at higher tree densities, density-dependent limitation of tree growth did not necessarily correspond to distance-dependent growth rates. No significant trend from 1910 to 1990 was found in climatic variables computed from daily meteorological records. Dendroclimatic analyses showed that climate-tree growth relations had not significantly changed over the twentieth century. Annual growth of both large and small pines was positively related to winter snowfall and to July monsoon rainfall. Periodic basal area increment obtained from dendrochronological data revealed that forest inventories over-estimated growth rates, especially for small pines. On the other hand, tree-ring chronologies developed using different standardization options showed different temporal trends. Repeated forest inventories quantified growth of individual trees and of the entire stand, but integrated bark and wood increment. Dendrochronological data had superior temporal resolution and accuracy, but their limited spatial coverage hindered representation of growth trends for the entire stand.

}, keywords = {Paleoecology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=740900561\&sid=29\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Biondi, Franco} } @mastersthesis {666, title = {Spatio-temporal characteristics of drought as inferred from tree-ring data in Morocco}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1992}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {Long-term tree-ring series of Cedrus atlantica have been utilized to reconstruct and characterize past drought occurrences in Morocco. Based on the close relationship between tree growth and rainfall variations, the best tree-ring indicator of drought has been found to be, x$\sb0 = \mu$ $-$.75$\sigma,$ with $\mu$ and $\sigma$ the mean and standard deviation of the tree-ring series. In Morocco, drought is a short event lasting 1.7 years on average with 84\% of the events lasting less than 2 years. The average maximum duration exceeds 4 years. It is associated with a 40\% deficit about normal moisture availability which can add up to more than 125\% when the anomalies persist. The average empirical recurrence interval of drought is 8 years. Long-term persistence has been characterized by the Hurst coefficient. Over the domain of study, the mean Hurst coefficient is.765. The tree-ring series show a periodic behavior with two major peaks at 22 and 66 years. Drought characteristics have been extended from the tree-ring sites to other regions such as the agricultural plains using geostatistical methods. The drought prone areas are located in central Morocco, including the Sais, the Gharb and central Middle Atlas, which experience longer, more severe and more persistent droughts. The northern latitudes experience milder and shorter drought events. The cost for spatial extension of the results was greater kriging errors which make the estimates less reliable. However, cokriging significantly improved the reliability and the quality of the estimates. A regionalization, using cluster analysis, was found to follow the natural climatic and orographic zones of north central Morocco. The tree-ring data were used to reconstruct spatial patterns of moisture anomalies for the period 1845-1974. Three atmospheric factors appear to be important: (1) the relative strength and position of the Azores High, (2) the importance and location of the local cyclogenesis centers, (3) the importance of the northeastern perturbations coming from the Mediterranean sea. The periods 1860-1890, 1925-1950 and the 1970{\textquoteright}s are associated with dry anomalies while the periods 1900-1920 and 1950-1970 are associated with wet anomalies. They exhibit a rhythmic succession with a 20-year periodicity. }, keywords = {Cedrus atlantica}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=747430801\&sid=6\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Nabil Chbouki} } @mastersthesis {563, title = {Statistical Relationships Between Tree Growth and Climate in Western North America}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1992}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

The objective of this study is to examine large-scale spatial patterns of tree growth and climatic variation and to investigate the possible role of climate in determining tree growth patterns over space. This study represents one of the first uses of geostatistical methods to extract information about the spatial variation of climate from tree rings in western North America. It is also one of the first uses of data in spatial series to study the relationships of spatial variations between climate and tree growth. Geostatistics analyzes the spatial structure of the variables by assuming that adjoining data are correlated with each other over space and that the particular relationship expressing the extent of spatial correlation can be analytically and statistically captured in a function. It is applied to both June Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and ring-width index data from western North America. One basic assumption of applying geostatistics in this study is that the spatially uncorrelated small-scale variations are insignificant and represent background noise in large-scale dendroclimatic studies. The statistical relationships between the spatial variations of June PDSI and ring-width index are studied by simple scatter diagrams and correlation analysis. This is done in terms of yearly variations and variations of spatial patterns. Both of them support the contention that the large-scale spatial variations in ring-width index data can be used to infer the spatial variations of climate variables. Based upon the results of this research it can be concluded that geostatistics is a viable method to characterize the spatially correlated variations in dendroclimatology. By applying geostatistics to data sets, information about the spatial variations of climate contained in tree-ring data are enhanced, and the large-scale variations of climate are emphasized. The analysis of yearly relationships over space is particularly useful for identifying statistical relationships between climate and tree growth in a geographic region. The main factors of climate controlling ring-width index are identified as well as the less frequent limiting events. Once the statistical relationships are validated, they can be used to infer the spatial variations of past climate from variations in tree-ring index.

}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=746968761\&sid=9\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Shao, Xuemei} } @mastersthesis {700, title = {The structure and function of the prehistoric household in the pueblo southwest: A case study from Turkey Creek Pueblo}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {The Pueblo household in the American Southwest is examined at Hopi and Zuni and at the prehistoric pueblo of Turkey Creek. Cultural, economic, and environmental factors that influence household organization and function crossculturally are identified and organized into a framework suitable for investigation of households in the archaeological record. Early Hopi and Zuni ethnographic material is reorganized within the research framework thus established. The arrangement of activities in space by social unit is discussed and tabulated to serve as a convenient reference for archaeologists. This research framework directs examination of household dynamics in a unique prehistoric village, Turkey Creek Pueblo. Turkey Creek Pueblo is a 335 room thirteenth century ruin of which 314 rooms were excavated. Its broad and consistently reported room attribute data provide an extraordinary opportunity for understanding the social use of space in a large prehistoric community. Analysis of 31 room variables in 301 rooms reveals that patterning of room attributes is influenced by three interacting dimensions--room function, temporal change, and intrapueblo areal differentiation. Both the raw data and the results of the computer procedures are tabulated to serve as a reference for comparative analysis. Household dwellings were composed of three room types--storage rooms (small with no hearth), habitation rooms (large with rectangular hearth), and miscellaneous activity rooms (mid-sized with circular hearth). A typical dwelling had one habitation room, one or two miscellaneous activity rooms, and two or three storage rooms. Considerable variability existed in the size and organization of dwellings. Architectural analysis further suggests that households at Turkey Creek Pueblo formed the basal level of a four-level organizational hierarchy that included the suprahousehold, the dual division, and the village. The activities that occurred within the physical spaces associated with these social units are assessed, as are the mechanisms of population aggregation and village abandonment. }, keywords = {Architecture, Hopi, room typology, social organization}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=751872471\&sid=14\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Julie Lowell} } @mastersthesis {461, title = {Simulated Anasazi Storage Behavior Using Crop Yeilds Reconstructed from Tree Rings: A.D. 652-1968}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1983}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A clear understanding of interactions between the arid Southwestern environment and that area{\textquoteright}s prehistoric inhabitants has been a goal of Southwestern archaeology. This research has reconstructed annual corn and dry bean crop yields for southwestern Colorado from A.D. 650 to 1968, as well as the amounts of those foods available for each of those years. Colorado{\textquoteright}s five southwestern county dry farming corn and dry bean crop records were combined to create two regional crop series. Modern technology{\textquoteright}s increasing influence was recognized as being present in the two series. This influence was felt to parallel Colorado{\textquoteright}s statewide fertilizer consumption and was removed using a multiple regression procedure. Two modern technology free regional crop series resulted. These two series, along with the original two historic crop series were calibrated against five Four Corners tree-ring chronologies from four localities. Both Douglas-fir and pinyon were employed in the calibration. The calibration process used multiple regression so that each series{\textquoteright} current annual crop yield could be predicted using one or more of 25 separate dendrochronological predictors. The regression equation deemed most suitable for predicting each of the four crop series was utilized to reconstruct annual crop yield estimates for the A.D. 652-1968 period. Normal verification was impossible since additional independent crop data were lacking. The reconstructed crop yield series were evaluated statistically. Portions of them were compared against historically recorded events. These two types of testing suggested that the retrodictions were probably valid. The crop yield reconstructions provided the basic data for four sets of storage simulations that attempted to determine corn and dry bean availability for each year from A.D. 652 to 1968, given certain assumptions about the levels of storage technology available to the Anasazi of southwestern Colorado. A. E. Douglass{\textquoteright} A.D. 1276-1299 {\textquotedblleft}Great Drought{\textquotedblright} appears to be confirmed. A number of additional famines or food crises have also been recognized. In addition, periods when food was super abundant have been identified. It now appears that much of the Four Corners large public construction projects were undertaken during and perhaps because of these periods of excess surplus.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=752071671\&sid=6\&Fmt=2\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Burns, Barney Tillman} } @mastersthesis {503, title = {The Statistical Analysis of Rainfall and Its Reconstruction from Tree Rings}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1981}, school = {University of East Anglia}, author = {Gray, Barbara Marianne} } @mastersthesis {489, title = {The Stability of the Northern Canadian Tree Limit: Current Regenerative Capacity}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1979}, school = {University of Colorado}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=751614031\&sid=5\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Elliott, Deborah} } @mastersthesis {713, title = {A study of prehistoric spatial behavior: Long House Valley, Northeastern Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1979}, school = {Arizona State University}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=760047031\&sid=27\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Richard Effland} } @mastersthesis {501, title = {Spectral Analysis of Synoptic Scale Disturbances Over the Marshall Islands Region}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1978}, school = {University of Missouri-Columbia}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=749229231\&sid=1\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Gordon, Geoffrey Author} } @mastersthesis {714, title = {A statistical analysis of activity organization: Grasshopper Pueblo, Arizona}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1978}, school = {University of Arizona}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=759315121\&sid=28\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Richard Ciolek-Torrello} } @mastersthesis {717, title = {Socioeconomic organization at Moche V Pampa Grande, Peru: Prelude to a major transformation to come}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Arizona}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=758529171\&sid=30\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Izumi Shimada} } @mastersthesis {455, title = {Secular Changes of Precipitation in the Rocky Mountains and Adjacent Western States}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1974}, school = {University of Boulder}, keywords = {Meterology}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=758390521\&sid=2\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Bradley, Raymond S.} } @mastersthesis {492, title = {Some Relationships Between Glaciers and Climate in Alaska}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1973}, school = {University of Alaska}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=760346601\&sid=12\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Fahl, Charles Byron} } @mastersthesis {440, title = {Some Palynological Applications of Multivariate Statistics}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1970}, school = {University of Arizona}, keywords = {Geochronology}, author = {Adam, David Peter} } @mastersthesis {486, title = {Stomatal Activity in Semi-arid Site Pnderosa Pine}, volume = {MS}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A pressure-infiltration technique for estimating stomatal opening in conifers was used with success on ponderosa pine growing on a semi-arid site. A diurnal pattern of stomatal opening during the day and closing at night was readily discernible. Variations in this pattern such as changes in rates of opening, daytime closure, and opening at night have been measured and related to changes in the environment. Incoming radiation, air and soil temperature, and soil moisture strongly influenced stomatal activity.}, author = {Drew, Allan P.} } @mastersthesis {592, title = {Some Ecological Studies on Bristlecone Pine in the White Mountains of California}, volume = {PhD}, year = {1963}, school = {University of California}, abstract = {Bristlecone pine, Pinus aristata, was studied in the White Mountains of California. The climate is dry, with annual precipitation in the bristlecone zone averaging 12 to 13 inches. The trees are found in a zone from approximately 9,500 feet to 11,500 feet elevation. Three geologic substrates are widely exposed in the bristlecone zone: dolomitic limestone, sandstone and granite. Vegetation was sampled on these substrates, using line transects. Bristlecone pine is restricted principally to dolomite. Sagebrush, Artemisia tridentate and A. arbuscula, is distributed in a complementary pattern, restricted largely to sandstone and granite. Bristlecone pine and sagebrush constitute the bulk of the vegetation. Dolomite in the White Mountains is a nearly white rock, whereas sandstone and granite are dark. The white rock reflects more solar radiation than do the other substrates, and as a result the dolomite soil averages several degrees centigrade cooler than sandstone soil. This lower temperature acts as a moisture conserving mechanism on dolomite, delaying soil drought. Dolomite also has higher moisture capacity than sandstone and granite. Through use of an infrared gas analyzer, the effect of soil drought on photosynthesis of bristlecone pine was measured. Photosynthesis was depressed by soil drought in the same range as the attained in field soils during dry periods in summer. Photosynthesis of sagebrush as a function of soil drought was also measured. Sagebrush was found more tolerant of drought than bristlecone pine. Drought tolerance may be one factor contributing to maximum development of bristlecone pine on dolomite, and of sagebrush on sandstone and granite. Bristlecone pine reaches maximum development on north slopes, and sagebrush reaches maximum development on south slopes. This supports the conclusion that drought tolerance is a decisive factor in determining substrate-oriented distribution patterns. Sagebrush and bristlecone pine seedlings both grew poorly on dolomite in pot trails. It was suggested that the high pH of dolomite soil, averaging 8.1, results in low mineral nutrient availability, and that sagebrush, with its shallow root system, is less efficient in obtaining mineral nutrient requirements than is the deep rooted pine. Photosynthesis measurements demonstrated that bristlecone pine is tolerant of shading. Furthermore, it was shown by growth measurements that bristlecone pine seedlings grow much more slowly than sagebrush seedlings. These findings indicate that the pine seedling would not succeed in the shade of sagebrush seedlings, another response that contributes to the substrate-oriented distribution of bristlecone pine. Maximum elevation of bristlecone pine is the same on all substrates, and was found to be limited by air temperature during the growing season. Minimum elevation is lower on dolomite than on the other substrates, and is under the control of soil drought. Attainment of great age was shown to be associated with death of the tree trunk around most of its circumference. Lack of krummholz at tree line shows both genetic resistance to deformation, and the influence of a very dry climate.}, url = {http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy2.library.arizona.edu/pqdweb?did=763335561\&sid=2\&Fmt=1\&clientId=43922\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD}, author = {Wright, Robert Dennison} } @mastersthesis {512, title = {A Sequence of Ruins in the Flagstaff Area Dated by Tree-Rings}, volume = {MA}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {A collection of 4263 archaeological tree-ring specimens from the region around Flagstaff, Arizona, was examined by means of the dendrochronological method. Although some of the specimens had been dated previously, the majority of the collection had never been studied. This analysis yielded 596 outside dates. Although these new dates do not differ greatly from previous dates obtained from previous dates obtained from this collection they have made possible certain refinements in the dating of the phases in the archaeological sequence for the region.}, author = {Harlan, Thomas P.} }