TY - THES T1 - Climate of rebellion: The relationship between climate variability and indigenous uprisings in mid-eighteenth-century Sonora T2 - Anthropology Y1 - 2004 A1 - Dale Brenneman KW - climate KW - Eighteenth century KW - Indigenous KW - Rebellion KW - Sonora KW - Uprisings AB - A series of indigenous rebellions took place in mid-eighteenth-century Sonora that caused Spain to alter its colonial policies, depending less on the Jesuit mission system and more on a professional military force for pacifying and controlling the region. The rebellions coincided with a shift toward a drought-dominant climate pattern that began in the late 1720s. This study explores the relationship between that climatic shift and the rebellions by narrowing the focus to several disturbances and insurrections among the Seris, Pimas Bajos, and Yaquis during the period of 1725-1742. Research centers on climate variability, the relationship between climate patterns and indigenous subsistence practices, and whether Spanish colonial policies and institutions rendered these practices more or less vulnerable to environmental perturbations. Because the same environmental factors shaping indigenous subsistence strategies also affected Spanish decision-making, the development of Spanish colonization in Sonora is reviewed within an ecological framework as well, recognizing the interaction among the environment and political, economic, and demographic factors. This study adopts a multidisciplinary approach integrating paleoclimatic, ethnohistorical, ethnographic, and archaeological sources of data to establish patterns of precipitation and reconstruct indigenous subsistence systems within their local environments, both before and after Spanish colonial rule. The research presents evaluations and English translations of numerous Spanish texts that include description of local environments; indigenous land use, reliance on crops versus wild resources, scheduling, harvest, and/or storage; significant climatic events such as droughts or floods; and the events of specific insurrections. The research also considers Spanish policies and institutions as they developed in Sonora, and changes they engendered in indigenous subsistence organization and the environment. This study assesses the effectiveness of those changes in the face of climate fluctuations, and scrutinizes Seri, Pima Bajo, and Yaqui disturbances and insurrections as responses to Spanish-induced subsistence changes under escalating colonial pressures and climate-related environmental stresses. On a broader level, this research demonstrates the potential of the documentary record, when combined with advances in climate research, for increasing our understanding of human vulnerability to climate change, human responses and coping strategies, and the impacts of human behavior on climate. JF - Anthropology PB - University of Arizona VL - PhD UR - http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=795926481&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=43922&RQT=309&VName=PQD ER - TY - THES T1 - A comparative study of soil disturbance from uprooted trees, and mound and pit decay in Puerto Rico and Colorado T2 - Institute for the Study of Planet Earth Y1 - 2003 A1 - Melanie Lenart KW - colorado KW - Mound and pit KW - Puerto Rico KW - Soil disturbance KW - Uprooted AB - The toppling of trees forms mounds of disturbed sediment and pits from which the mound removes sediment, rocks, and organic matter. Sites of uprooted trees in Puerto Rico and Colorado were examined (1) to compare areas and volumes of mounds and pits relative to tree size, (2) to compare areas and volumes of mounds and pits formed during catastrophic events at the landscape scale, and (3) to consider decay of mounds and pits after formation. For a given basal area, the analyses found no difference among sites in area and volume of freshly formed individual mounds and pits. For landscape-level catastrophic uprooting, the percent of toppled trees in a plot can explain 85% and 87% of the areas and volumes, respectively, of the quantity of soil uplifted. Exponential decay coefficients developed by monitoring mound/pit complexes indicate that mounds and pits at the humid tropical site in Puerto Rico decay in about 74% and 57% of the time, respectively, of mounds and pits at a temperate Colorado site. Decay coefficients developed for the Colorado site indicate that mounds and pits are reduced to 10% of their original volume within 30 and 78 years, respectively. Coefficients for Puerto Rico suggest that a similar reduction in volume requires 17 years, whereas pits generally fill within a decade. JF - Institute for the Study of Planet Earth PB - University of Arizona VL - PhD UR - http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=765017541&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=43922&RQT=309&VName=PQD ER - TY - THES T1 - Climate Response, Age Distribution, and Fire History of a Corkbark Fir (Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica) Stand in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona T2 - School of Renewable Natural Resources Y1 - 2001 A1 - June Psaltis KW - age distribution KW - Arizona KW - climatology KW - corkbark KW - dendrochronology KW - fir stand KW - fire KW - mountains KW - santa catalina AB -

The southernmost known North American stand of corkbark fir (Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonaica (Merriam) Lemm.) is found in the Santa Catalina Mountains just north of Tucson, Arizona. Climate response, age distribution, and fire history were studied in this small corkbark fir stand to provide baseline information for future management. Response function analysis indicated April-June precipitation from the current growing season, April-June temperature from the current growing season, November-March precipitation prior to the growing season, and August-October precipitation from the previous growing season as the most highly correlated factor with ring-width variance. Age distritbution appeared to be a steady state. A fire chronology developed for the corkbark fir site was sused to test synchroneity of fire events with previously developed chronologies from nearby sites. Chi-squared analyses indicated significant association of fire years for all sites but not spread of fire from one site to another.

JF - School of Renewable Natural Resources PB - University of Arizona CY - Tucson VL - Master of Science ER - TY - THES T1 - A Computer-Assisted Tree-Ring Chronology Composition System T2 - Electrical and Computer Engineering Y1 - 2000 A1 - Engle, James Blaine AB - The design and implementation of a computer-assisted tree-ring chronology composition system for dendrochronology is described in this thesis. Methods for tree-ring growth sequence pattern matching, hierarchical composition of master chronologies, and analytical quality control are discussed in detail and systematically implemented in the CROSSDATE program in a highly visual, graphic environment. The objective of this work is to provide dendrochronologists with a robust set of tools for comparing the relative growth patterns of tree-ring samples for purposes of dating the samples and composing new master chronologies from individual tree-ring samples and other master chronologies. This system is complementary to the TREES program, a computer-vision based tree-ring identification and measurement system developed at the University of Arizona. JF - Electrical and Computer Engineering PB - University of Arizona VL - MS UR - http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=729088511&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=43922&RQT=309&VName=PQD ER - TY - THES T1 - Carbon Isotopic Variations in 7 Southwestern U.S. Plants from Herbarium Collections of the Last 150 Years T2 - School of Renewable Natural Resources Y1 - 1997 A1 - Pedicino, Lisa Christina KW - Renewable Natural Resources JF - School of Renewable Natural Resources PB - University of Arizona VL - MS ER - TY - THES T1 - Climate variability in the southwestern United States as reconstructed from tree-ring chronologies Y1 - 1996 A1 - Woodhouse, Connie Ann KW - Paleoecology AB - The primary goal of this research is to gain a better understanding of the spatial and temporal relationships between atmospheric circulation features and winter climate variability in the southwestern United States, and to investigate the variations in these relationships over the past three centuries. A set of six circulation indices is compiled that describes circulation features important to winter climate variability in this region. This set includes pre-existing indices such as the SOI and a modified PNA index, as well as regionally-tailored indices. A network of 88 tree-ring chronologies is then used to reconstruct the indices and the regional winter climate variables: numbers of rainy days (a variable not previously reconstructed with tree rings) and mean maximum temperature. Analyses suggest that three types of circulation features have influenced winter climate in the Southwest over the past three centuries. Although ENSO-related circulation patterns have been an important factor, especially in the 20th century, circulation patterns featuring a southwestern low appear to be as important if not more important to climate in some time periods. Results suggest that low frequency variations in atmospheric circulation patterns have occurred over the past three centuries and have had spatially and temporally varying impacts on winter climate in the Southwest. PB - University of Arizona VL - PhD UR - http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739718221&sid=24&Fmt=2&clientId=43922&RQT=309&VName=PQD ER - TY - THES T1 - Culture change and the Navajo Hogan T2 - Anthropology Y1 - 1985 A1 - Miranda Warburton KW - Arizona AB - The Navajo tribe has been subjected to acculturation pressures since its arrival in the American Southwest in the 1500s. The pressures came first from indigenous Pueblo groups, these were succeeded by pressures from the Spanish, Mexicans, Utes, U.S. military, and other Euroamerican local populations. The Navajo response to the pressures of acculturation in both the economic and religious spheres of life is manifested in the Navajo house or hogan. The hogan serves as both a sacred and secular structure. Some features of hogan construction such as shape and doorway orientation have strong symbolic associations, and alterations in their form thus reflect fundamental shifts in religious orientation. Other features of hogan construction such as the use of power tools or milled lumber, while changing the appearance of the structure, do not have strong symbolic associations and thus are not indicative of a similar shift away from traditional Navajo culture. Instead, these features represent a Navajo incorporation of items from the dominant culture that are most useful in easing the hardships of traditional life. Habitation structures from two areas of Arizona illustrate this trend. Over 500 structures from the remote, conservative and until very recently, unacculturated area of Black Mesa are compared with over 200 structures from the substantially more acculturated region of the Defiance Plateau. The difference in the chronology of housing construction techniques between the two areas is striking. Influences from the dominant culture, including a shift away from traditional houses, are evident in the late 1800s on the Defiance Plateau. Conversely, on Black Mesa, these same trends do not appear until the 1970s and 1980s. Architecture is composed of both a technological and an expressive element. This marriage of two aspects of culture in one place--housing--is an important locus of information for anthropologists. Analysis of changing construction methods and morphology provides a physical manifestation of changes documented in other areas of the cultural system. JF - Anthropology PB - Washington State University VL - Phd UR - http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=753300051&sid=19&Fmt=2&clientId=43922&RQT=309&VName=PQD ER - TY - THES T1 - Climatic Change and Water Supply in the Great Basin Y1 - 1984 A1 - Flaschka, Irmgard Monika AB -

The climatological literature contains considerable evidence that increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide will result in global warming. In order to investigate the effects of resultant climatic changes on runoff in the Great Basin, a water balance model based on average monthly precipitation and temperature was applied to four watersheds in the region.

PB - University of Arizona VL - MS ER - TY - THES T1 - Climatic Change and Water Availability in the Rio Grande and Pecos River Basins T2 - Hydrology Y1 - 1982 A1 - Quinlan, Peter Thomas AB - Climatologists have speculated that increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide deriving from fossil fuel combustion will result in warmer, drier climate for many parts of the world. One such area which is already facing serious water shortages is the upper Rio Grande Basin. A climatic water balance equation was adopted to model three representative drainages within the basin in order to investigate the effects of this climatic change on streamflow. Results show that a 20 C increase in temperature and 10% decrease in precipitation would result in a 30% decline in streamflow. Since demand already exceeds or approaches supply, such a dimunition in water yield would have serious regional and national ramifications. JF - Hydrology PB - University of Arizona VL - MS ER - TY - THES T1 - Climate and Society in Iceland from the Medieval Period to the Late Eighteenth Century Y1 - 1981 A1 - Ogilvie, Astrid Elisabeth Jane PB - University of East Anglia VL - PhD ER - TY - THES T1 - Comparative Analysis of Climatic Reconstructions Derived from Tree-Ring and Ice Core Indicators in Southern Greenland Y1 - 1980 A1 - Kuivinen, Karl C. KW - Geography PB - University of Nebraska VL - MA ER - TY - THES T1 - Contribution Dendroclimatique A L’etude Du Peuplement Forester Des Environs Des Chalets De L’Orgere (Savoie) Y1 - 1978 A1 - Tessier, Lucien PB - Université d’Aix-Marseille III VL - MS ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Climatic Information from Analysis of Cellulose Lignin and Whole Wood from Tree Rings Y1 - 1977 A1 - unknown KW - analysis KW - cellulose KW - climate KW - dendrochronology KW - lignin KW - tree ring KW - tree rings JF - Nature VL - 270 IS - No. 5639 N1 - Copies of this are available from the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climatic Information from Ratios of Cellulose in Tree Rings JF - Nature Y1 - 1976 A1 - Gray, John A1 - Thompson, Peter KW - 18 isotope KW - cellulose KW - climate KW - environment KW - O KW - oxygen KW - paleoclimatology KW - ratios KW - tree rings VL - 262 IS - No. 5568 ER - TY - THES T1 - Climatic Change in the North Sea Region Y1 - 1975 A1 - Kelly, P. Michael PB - University of East Anglia VL - PhD ER - TY - THES T1 - Contributions Pollen Analytique A L’Histoire Tardiglaciaire Et Holocene De La Vegetation De La Montagne Corse Y1 - 1975 A1 - Reille, Maurice PB - Université d’Aix-Marseille III VL - PhD ER - TY - THES T1 - Contributions A L’étude Dendroclimatologique du pin D’Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) Y1 - 1973 A1 - Serre, Francoise PB - Université d’Aix-Marseille III VL - PhD ER - TY - THES T1 - The Climate of the Great American Desert Y1 - 1972 A1 - Lawson, Merlin P. KW - Geography PB - Clark University VL - PhD ER - TY - THES T1 - Chronological Analysis of Tsegi Phase Sites in Northeastern Arizona T2 - Anthropology Y1 - 1967 A1 - Dean, Jeffrey S. AB -

Dendrochronology provides two basic types of information useful for archaeological interpretation: chronological-archaeological and nonchronological. The former derives from the assignment of absolute dates of prehistoric remains through the use of techniques of dendrochronological analysis. Nonchronological information of two types, cultural-historical and environmental, may be derived from archaeological tree-ring collections. Cultural-historical information involves the recognition of unique historic events and the identification of certain cultural practices, such as the stockpiling or reuse of timbers. Recoverable environmental data include the prehistoric distributions of various species of tree and paleoclimatic reconstructions derived from dendroclimatic analyses. Most archaeological use of dendrochronological data has emphasized the chronological-archaeological aspect. This orientation produced a large number of absolutely dated sites that have been compared with one another to isolate contemporaneous regional variation and to study the processes and rates of culture change. However, the nonchronological aspects of the data have been neglected, and the full potential of dendrochronology for archaeological interpretation has rarely been achieved. This paper present the results of several experiments designed to explore and illuminate the contributions made by dendrochronological analyses to archaeological interpretation. Two “cliff dwellings” in the Tsegi Canyon of northeastern Arizona were selected for this experiment, primarily because their large size and excellent preservation guaranteed the existence of many in situ timbers. Classificatorally, Betatakin and Kiet Siel are contemporaneous and are assigned to the Tsegi Phase, dated between 1200 and 1300. Attempts were made to sample every suitable timber in these sites. When combined with earlier collections, total samples of 292 specimens from Betatakin and 540 specimens from Kiet Siel are available for laboratory analysis. These collections are augmented by comprehensive notes on the provenience and condition of each timber and by detailed architectural data. Intensive analyses of the tree-ring dates, the species assemblages, the nature of the terminal rings, and the prehistoric utilization of timbers provide a body of data fundamental to a number of inferences. These inferences concern the chronology and internal development of each site; the processes by which the villages were founded, peopled, and abandoned; the social organization of the villages; a number of cultural practices ranging from the structural use of dead wood to the stockpiling of timbers for future use; and changes in the environments of the sites. The isolation of several significant differences between these sites is relevant to the consideration of the dynamics of intro-phase cultural variability. Eighty-seven dates and less detailed archaeological information from 11 other Tsegi Phase sites supplement the data from Betatikin and Kiet Siel and provide a basis for a consideration of the phase as a whole. The beginning date of the phase is revised upward from 1200-1250, while the terminal date of 1300 is not changed. In the 50 years between 1250 and 1300, about 700 people moved into Tsegi Canyon, established a number of villages, and departed. These people generally moved in extended family households, although a large village group occasionally traveled in a unit. The problems of integrating the mobile population into large villages wee met in a way that produced a village organization like that of the modern Hopis. Households were integrated into the villages through membership in nonlocalized lineages and clans. Ceremonial units whose membership crosscut that of the kinship units united the lineages and clans into functioning village-wide organizations. No evidence for formal inter-village organization exists, although the Tsegi Canyon villages probably constituted a loosely defined “community” based on close but informal interpersonal relationships. After abandoning the Tsegi about 1300, the Tsegi Phase people contributed heavily to the population of the Hopi Mesas.

JF - Anthropology PB - University of Arizona VL - PhD UR - http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=758014861&sid=11&Fmt=1&clientId=43922&RQT=309&VName=PQD ER - TY - THES T1 - A Comparative Anatomical Study on the Effects of Mutant Genes on the Pericarp and Seed Coat of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Y1 - 1966 A1 - Lockwood, Tommie E. AB - Achenes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) exhibiting the normal or wild type hull and the mutations for thin-hull (th), brown striped-hull (stp), gray striped-hull (gs), pigmentless (p), and light seed coat (lt) were separately and in various combinations studied anatomically to correlate the external appearance of the hull with its internal anatomy. The hull of the mature normal safflower achene was found to be composed of a pericarp, seed coat, and a one cell layer of endosperm. In studying transverse sections of the hull, the pericarp was found to be made up of two highly sclerified layers separated by a countinuous phytomelanin layer, and the seed coat was composed of a dark brown multiple outer epidermis, a layer of parenchyma cells, and an inner epidermis of crushed cells. The one cell layer of endosperm was centripetal and adnate to the seed coat. Mutations were found to differ from the normal-hull in the degree of thickness, localization of thickness, lignification, and compression of the sclerenchyma layers of the pericarp. They also differed in the absence and localization of the phytomelanin layer, the color of the outer epidermis of the integument, and the degree of thickness of the parenchymous layer of the integument. PB - University of Arizona VL - MS ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Continuation of Studies on the Dendrochronology of Bristlecone Pine (Pinus aristata Englem.) (Continuation of Research Grant NSF-G 19949): A Research Proposal Y1 - 1963 A1 - McGinnies, W.G. KW - bristlecone pine KW - california KW - chronology KW - colorado river basin KW - dendrochronology KW - dendroclimatology KW - extend KW - NSF KW - pinus aristata KW - white mountains AB -

The original research grant NSF-G 19949, effective October 1, 1961, for the dendrochronology of bristlecone pine has made it possible: (1) to develop a workable chronology extending back 3850 years, (2) to carry out studies of tree growth as related to environmental parameters through two field seasons, and (3) to make some statistical comparisions which indicate (a) that there is no significant difference between young and old trees in radial growth response to environmental variables, (b) that there are significant correlations between bristlecone pine and other coniferous species extending up to 1000 miles east and southeast, and (c) that there is strong evidence that bristlecone pine will provide a good basis for extending climatic interpretations to at least 2600 B.C.

The present request is for funds: (1) to complete an exact chronology made possible through the study of both living and dead material in the White Mountains of California; (2) to extend the chronology building to other key tree-ring areas in the Colorado River Basin with the aim of determining the past climatic chronology; (3) to statistically evaluate the various chronologies thus established for interrelations with climate and with other tree-ring series; (4) to continue the environmental studies and evaluations through a third growing season, 1964; (5) to determine the biological model of cause and effect and its statistical counterpart for estimating climate from these tree-ring series; and (6) to provide for the closely integrated radiocarbon analysis of tree-ring material.

The results will be used (1) to strengthen dendrochronological dating and to provide a master tree-ring chronology which can be used by climatologists, archaeologists, radiocarbon investigators, and others; (2) to strengthen and geographically extend the dendroclimatological studies of Schulman (1956), especially in the Colorado River Basin; (3) to provide, when integrated with various environmental studies now being conducted, a stronger basis for environmental interpretations, based on the difference in radial growth shown by trees that respond primarily to differences in precipitation. This information will be of great value to meteorologists, hydrologists, and others, including the Inter-Union Commission on Solar and Terrestrial Relationships.

PB - Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research CY - Tucson ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crossdating at Mesa Verde National Park JF - Journal of Forestry Y1 - 1942 A1 - Douglass, A.E. KW - Archaeology KW - crossdating KW - dating KW - Douglass KW - Forestry KW - historic KW - mesa verde KW - southwest KW - tree ring VL - 40 IS - No. 4 N1 - Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crossdating in Dendrochronology JF - Journal of Forestry Y1 - 1941 A1 - Douglass, A.E. KW - crossdating KW - dating KW - dendrochronology KW - Douglass KW - historic KW - tree ring VL - 39 N1 - Copies of this are available through the Tree Ring Laboratory; please contact the lab for more information. ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Climate and Trees Y1 - 1928 A1 - Douglass, A.E. KW - climate KW - climatology KW - Douglass KW - environment KW - tree ring JF - Nature Magazine ER - TY - Generic T1 - Climatic Records in the Trunks of Trees Y1 - 1917 A1 - Douglass, A.E. KW - climate KW - climatology KW - Douglass KW - environment KW - historic KW - tree ring ER - TY - CONF T1 - The Callendar Sunshine Recorder and Some of the World-Wide Problem to Which This Instrument Can Be Applied T2 - Second Pan-American Scientific Conference Y1 - 1916 A1 - Douglass, A.E. KW - calendar KW - callendar KW - Douglass KW - historic KW - papers KW - sunshine recorder JF - Second Pan-American Scientific Conference ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Cloud-Like Spot on the Terminator of Mars Y1 - 1895 A1 - Douglass, A.E. KW - Douglass KW - mars KW - spot ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Combination Telescope and Dome JF - Astrophysical Journal Y1 - 1895 A1 - Douglass, A.E. KW - dome KW - Douglass KW - telescope ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Climate from Tree Rings Y1 - 0 A1 - Hughes, M.K. A1 - LaMarche, V.C. A1 - Pilcher, J.R. A1 - Kelly, P.M. KW - climate KW - dendrochronology KW - paleoclimatology KW - tree rings PB - Cambridge University Press N1 -

Copies of this are available in the Tree Ring Laboratory. Please contact the curator for more information. pcreasman@ltrr.arizona.edu

ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Crescentic Dunes of Peru JF - Appalachia Y1 - 0 A1 - Douglass, A.E. KW - crescentic KW - Douglass KW - dunes KW - peru VL - XII IS - No.1 ER -