<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaib, J. Mark</style></author></authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swetnam, T.</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fire History in Riparian Canyon Pine-Oak Forests and the Intervening Desert Grasslands of the Southwest Borderlands: A Dendroecological, Historical, and Cultural Inquiry</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School of Renewable Natural Resources</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">apache</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">borderland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cultural</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dendrochronology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dendroecological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">desert grassland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ethnoecological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fire history</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">historical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mexico</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oak</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">peacetime</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post settlement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">riparian</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">southwest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">spanish</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">wartime</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Watershed Management</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University of Arizona</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tucson</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MS</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Dendroecological, documentary, and ethnoecological evidence were combined to provide an integrated understanding of past natural and cultural fires in the Southwest Borderlands. Fire frequency for the desert grasslands was inferred from synchronous intercanyon fire events. Mean fire intervals range between 4-8 years in canyon pine-oak forests, 4-9 years in the intervening desert grasslands, and 5-9 years in the mixed-conifer forests. Riparian canyon pine-oak forests were important corridors for fire spread between the desert grasslands and higher-elevation forests. The decline of post-settlement (&amp;gt;1870s) fires typical of most forests in U.S., is not evident south of the border in Mexico.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Documentary evidence reveals the Apache had detailed knowledge of fire, that burning practices were controlled and limited, and ecosystem enhancement through intentional burning was not suggested. However, the common exception was burning practiced during wartime periods, principally by the Apache but also by the Spanish, Mexicans, and later Americans. Fire reconstructions indicate that wartime-period fires were significantly more frequent than peacetime periods at several canyon-rancherÍa sites.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>