Identification of effects that global climate teleconnection patterns, such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), have on regional wildfires is difficult because of short and incomplete records in many areas of the world. We developed the first multi-century wildfire chronologies for China from fire-scarred trees. Wildfires were common from the 1700s to 1949, when national-level fire suppression policies were implemented.